汉语存在句的英译

汉语存在句的英译汉语存在句的类型汉语存在句有两个类型：

⏹1、有 + 名词/短语 + 附加语（动词/形容词/主谓结构短语等）

⏹2、时地语 + 有 + 名词（短语）+ 附加语或时地语 + 存在动词 + 名词（短语）

1、有+名词/短语+附加语（动词/形容词/主谓结构短语等）

⏹1）有许多机会他们没有利用好。There are many opportunities they have not taken well.

⏹2）有一只猫爱上了一个青年，恳求爱神维纳斯把她变成个姑娘，好得到他的爱慕。

⏹There is a cat having fallen in love with a young man, who beseeches Venus to change her into a girl, in the

hope of gaining his affection.

1、有+名词/短语+附加语（动词/形容词/主谓结构短语等）

⏹3）既然没有地方坐一坐，只好慢慢地走吧。With no place to sit, he had best walk slowly on.

⏹4）有机会就抓住，不能迟疑。Grab off th e opportunity, don’t hesitate.

2、时地语+有+名词（短语）+附加语或时地语+存在动词+名词（短语）

⏹1）中国四川省有座峨眉山，山顶上有个舍身崖。

On the summit of Mt. Emei, located in China’s Sichuan province, there is precipice called the cliff of sacrifice.

⏹2）在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐有一位将近三十岁的男子。

⏹Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda sat a man of about thirty.

2、时地语+有+名词（短语）+附加语或时地语+存在动词+名词（短语）

⏹3）荔枝林深处，隐隐露出一个白屋，那是温泉公社的养蜂场。

From deep in the lychee trees peeped the corner of white house where the Hotspring Commune kept their bees.

⏹4）车厢里先探出个头来，紫酱色的一张方脸，浓眉毛，圆眼睛。

⏹From the window of the car struck out cautiously a head with a square, pimply, purplish face, thick

ey ebrows and round ey es.

⏹5）河畔长着青草绿树。The grass and trees are green by the riverside.

⏹6）今天下午有球赛，棋逢对手，一定精彩。

⏹This afternoon’s ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched.

⏹）这两天我们大院里又透着热闹，出了人命。

⏹ A pretty kick-up has been the order of the day again in our compound lately, for a life has been lost.

试评析山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外，几乎被碳酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。

⏹原译：On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty

(1368-1644). A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.

⏹山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外，几乎被碳

酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。

⏹原文通过“山谷顶端”~“古寺”、“寺前”~“溶洞”、“寺后”~“石碑”~“碑檐”、“碑文”等一系列的“主题-说明”结构，将古寺

的方位及其周围的事物交代得一清二楚，空间关系十分明确。

⏹On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). A

karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.

⏹译文虽然把原文的每一事物也做了详细交代，但由于断句不当且频频更换主语，使得译文的空间关系有些凌乱。

⏹表达时不仅要注意句子内部成分的意义是否忠实无误，还要特别重视各成分之间的语义关系是否也正确无误，这就要

依靠词序安排及对句子主语的选择。建议改译如下：

⏹山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名叫“黄龙古寺”。寺前有一溶洞，深邃莫测。寺后有一石峰，除碑檐外，几乎被碳

酸钙沉积淹没，碑文已不可辨认。

⏹原：On the hill top stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Taoist retreat built in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).

A karst cave lies before it, and a stone tablet was erected behind. All but the top of the tablet has been eroded

by calcium carbonate, and the inscriptions have become unreadable.

⏹改：On top of the hill stands the Yellow Dragon Monastery, a Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) structure for a Taoist

retreat. In front of the monastery is a karst cave of infinite depth, and behind it stands a stone tablet, all but the top having been eroded by calcium carbonate and the inscriptions on the tablet hardly distinguishable.

①沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。②这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少有人走，夜晚更加寂寞。③荷塘四面，长着许多树，翁翁郁郁的。④路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。⑤没有月亮的晚上，这路上阴森森的有些怕人。⑥今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。

⏹①A path paved with coal-dust zigzags along the lotus pond so secluded as to be little frequented in the daytime, to

say nothing of its loneliness at night. ②Around the pond grows profusion of luxuriant trees. ③On one side of the path are some willows and other trees whose names are unknown to me. ④On moonless nights, the place has a