工程管理专业英语chapter2 contract

In New York, mechanical and electrical contractors must be given separate prime contracts on public works.
2.2.3 Material and Equipment Suppliers Major material suppliers include specialty contractors in structural steel fabrication and erection, sheet metal, ready mixed concrete delivery, reinforcing steel bar detailers, roofing, glazing etc. Major equipment suppliers for industrial construction include manufacturers of generators, boilers and piping and other equipment. Many suppliers handle on-site installation to insure that the requirements and specifications are met.
(2) Cost Reimbursement Contract Under this contractual arrangement, the client undertakes to pay the contractor the prime cost: the actual cost of labor, plant and materials utilized in the execution of the works. In addition to the prime cost the contractor is paid an agreed sum to cover establishment charge and profit. establishment charge and profit: 开办费和利润
The price of lump sum contract may be either fixed or fluctuating.
Changes in labor and plant rates and material prices during the process of execution is permissible under the conditions of fluctuating price.
A selected number of contractors are invited to submit their proposals together with the estimated cost. This contract is suitable for standard buildings and industrialized systems(e.g. factories and warehouses).
(3) Package Deals/Turnkey Contracts
Package deals and turnkey are interchangeable terms for contractual arrangement.
This system is employed in the procurement of industrial, commercial and repetitive buildings.
(4) Measurement Contract Price for units of work is pre-estimated but the total price cannot be ascertained until the work is measured and valued on completion. Approximate bill of quantities and schedule of rates all used in measurement contract
2.3 Main Terms of Economical Contract
2.4 The Law Which Governs the Construction Contract
2.5 FIDIC and FIDIC Contract Conditions
2.5.3 A Brief Introduction to FIDIC Conditions of Contract
(2) Contracts for Design and Build
This contractual arrangement enables a firm to take full responsibility and carry sole liability for both design and construction of a building .
2.2.2 Specialty Contractors Specialty contractors includes mechanical, electrical, foundation, excavation, and demolition contractors among others. They usually serve as subcontractors to the general contractor of a project. In some cases, legal statutes may require an owner to deal with various specialty contractor directly.
2.6 Risks in Carrying Out a Contract
2.7 Priority of Document
(3) Unit Price Contract The contractor is paid according to the agreed unit price and the actual quantities. This type of contract may be contemplated where there is enough definition for the work but, for reasons of time or otherwise, there are no specification, drawings or bills of quantities. Advantages from the employer’s point of view: there is considerable flexibility in making changes. Disadvantages: the risk of cost overrun, lack of incentive on the contractor to complete on time.
Chapter 2 Contract
2.1 Types of Construction Contract
2.1.1 Contracts According to Pricing Mechanism
(1) Lump Sum Contract The contractor consents to execute the entire work described or specified for a stated total sum. The agreed sum is based on information derived from drawings, specification, bill of quantities and site inspection.
2.2 Construction Contractors
2.2.1 General Contractor
The function of a general contractor is to coordinate all tasks in a construction project.
The owner also performs this function or engages a professional construction manager to do so. The general contractor works with a team of superintendents, specialty contractors or subcontractors for a number of projects can be most effective in inspiring loyalty and cooperation. The general contractor must knowledgeable about the labor force employed in construction.
measurement contract: 计量合同
schedule of rates：单价表
2.1.2 Contract according to scope of work and way of contracting
(1) Management Contracts
The client appoints a organization or a firm termed as the management contractor to manage and coordinate the design and construction phase of the project. This gives the client expertise not normally available at pre-contract stage under the traditional method.
(4) Separate/Divided Contracts The architect arranges a Baidu Nhomakorabeaumber of separate contracts with a selected number of works contractors for various work package. The arrangement, which breaks down work into trades or skills, allows the designing and construction of some sections of work to proceed concurrently. The system may be adopted for most construction projects but is most suitable for a client with an open-ended financial commitment.