2001年1月阅读解析第五篇

2001年1月第五篇
Questions 41-50
The tern “art deco” has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920’s and 1930’s. The first was what is frequently referred to as “zigzag
5)
10)
The second manifestation of art deco was the 1930’s streamlined moderne” style—a Futuristic-looking aerodynamic style of rounded corners and horizontal bands known as “speed stripes.” In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.
15) The third style, referred to as cither “ international stripped classicism,” or simply
“ classical moderne,” also came to the forefront during the Depression, a period of severe
20) were erected nationwide through government programs during the Depression .
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it. For example, like “art nouveau” (1890-1910), art deco also used plant motifs, but
regularized the forms into abstracted repetitive patterns rather than presenting them as 25) flowing, a symmetrical foliage, Like the Viennese craftspeople of the Wiener Werkstatte,
art deco designers worked with exotic materials, geometricized shapes, and colorfully
ornate patterns. Furthermore, like the artisans of the Arts and Crafts Movement in England and the United States, art deep practitioners considered it their mission to transform the domestic environment through well-designed furniture and household accessories.
题目解析：
41. What aspect of art deco does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of art deco on the design of furniture and household accessories
(B) Ways in which government programs encouraged the development of art deco
(C) Architectural manifestations of art deco during the 1920’s and 1930’s
(D) Reasons for the popularity of art deco in New York and California
解析：从文章中举例频频出现的建筑可见，本文讨论的是其在建筑上的表现。

正确选项为C。

42. The word “encompass” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) separate
(B) include
(C) replace
(D) enhance
解析：separate，分开；include，包括，包含；replace，归还；enhance，加强。

encompass，包含。

正确选项为B。

43. The phrase “The first” in line 2 refers to
(A) the term “art deco”
(B) design trends
(C) the 1920’s and 1930’s
(D) skyscrapers
解析：文中第一句话The tern“art deco”has come to encompass three distinct but related design trends of the 1920’S and 1930’S．The first was what is frequently referred to as“zigzag moderne”。

这个first是前面提到的hree distinct but related design trends之一。

正确选项为B。

44. In line 9, the author mentions “an ancient Mesopotamian temple tower ” in order to
(A) describe the exterior shape of certain “art deco” buildings
(B) explain the differences between ancient and modern architectural steles
(C) emphasize the extent of architectural advances
(D) argue for a return to more traditional architectural design
解析：由文章意思可见“该没计类似于古代美索不达米亚的神庙塔，由底部至顶端平台逐渐变小，最后形成一种类似楼悌的效果”，这里提到它是为了描述其形状而举例。

正确选项为A。

45. The streamlined moderne style is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
(A) animal motifs
(B) flat roofs
(C) round windows
(D) “speed stripes”
解析：文中第13行至第14行” In architecture, these elements were frequently accompanied by round windows, extensive use of glass block, and flat rooftops.”是说在建筑学上，这些元素常常是伴随着圆形的窗户、玻璃块的大量使用以及平坦的屋顶，只有图案没有提到。

因此正确选项为A。

46. The phrase “came to the forefront” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) grew in complexity
(B) went through a process
(C) changed its approach
(D) became important
解析： forefront本身有“最前线、最重要的位置”之意。

故此处应选D。

47. According to the passage, which of the following statements most accurately
describes the relationship between art deco and art nouveau?
(A) They were art forms that competed with each other for government support during the Depression era.
(B) They were essentially the same art form.
(C) Art nouveau preceded art deco and influenced it.
(D) Art deco became important in the United States while art nouveau became popular in England.
解析：文章整个最后一段中可以找到两者关系的表述。

Although art deco in its many forms waslargely perceived as thoroughly modern，it was strongly irffluenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it．For example，like“art nouveau”这句中，从preceded it 可见，art nouveau的形成要更早一些。

正确选项为C。

48. According to the passage, a building having an especially ornate appearance would most probably have been designed in the style of
(A) zigzag moderne
(B) streamlined moderne
(C) classical moderne
(D) the Arts and Crafts Movement
解析：由原文it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements可知，arts movements的特点是decorative，很强的装饰性。

而曲线风格特点是几何、抽象图形、流线风格特点是玻璃、窗、平屋顶等；古典风格是以简单为美的。

因此正确选项为D。

49. According to the passage, which of the following design trends is known by more than one name ?
(A) Zigzag moderne
(B) Streamlined moderne
(C) International stripped classicism
(D) Arts and Crafts Movement
解析：文中第15行至第16行The third style，referred to as either“international stripped classicism，”or simply“classical moderne，”故选择C。

50. The passage is primarily developed as
(A) the historical chronology of a movement
(B) a description of specific buildings that became famous for their unusual beauty
(C) an analysis of various trends within an artistic movement
(D) an argument of the advantages of one artistic form over another
解析：从本文的各段首句可知，第一段说明有3种潮流，以后各段各介绍一种。

因此正确选项为C。

文章翻译：
“装饰派艺术”一词包含了1920年代和1930年代的三个完全不同但又互相关联的设计潮流。

第一个常被称作“曲线风格”——一种异国情调的装饰风格，比如纽约的chrysler大厦以及相关的结构，再比如加州奥克兰的派乐门剧院。

“曲线装饰”一词影射的是一种几何和程式化的装饰，包括曲线、棱角图案、抽象的动植物图形、旭日图形、占星图象、定型的喷泉、莫塞克浮雕上以及其他建筑物内外壁画上出现过的相关主题图案。

很多这类建筑被设计成梯形金字塔状，该设计类似于古代美索不达米亚的神庙塔，由底部至顶端平台逐渐变小，最后形成一种类似楼梯的效果。

装饰派艺术的第二种表现是1930年代的“流线型风格”——一种拥有圆形拐角和称为“Speed stripes”的水平镶边的未来派流线风格。

在建筑学上，这些元素常常是伴随着圆形的窗户、玻璃块的大量使用以及平坦的屋顶。

第三种风格，称为“超国界精炼古典主义”，或干脆叫“古典派风格”，也在1930年代的经济大萧条时期登上舞台。

这是一种相对保守的风格，混合了简约的现代派风格和一种更朴素的几何与程式化浮雕雕刻和其他包括内部壁画在内的装饰。

很多这种风格的建筑于大萧条时期在政府的安排下建造于全国各地。

虽然装饰派艺术在其很多表现形式中被认为是完全现代的，但它其实深受之前发生的装饰美术运动的影响。

例如，就像流行于1890～1910的“新艺术”一样，装饰派艺术也运用了植物
图形，不同的是它将图形规范为一种抽象的重复的图案，而非流畅不对称的花、茎、叶的装饰。

如同Wiener Werkstatte的维也纳手工艺匠一样，装饰派艺术的设计师们也使用了外来的材料、几何的形状以及色彩华丽的图案。

此外，就像英格兰和美国工艺运动中的工匠一样，装饰派艺术工作者们认为他们的使命就是通过设计精良的家具和家庭用品来改造家庭环境。

文章生词：
Paragraph 1
tern
n. 三个一套
a. 三个一套的
art deco 艺术装饰
trend
n. 趋势，方位，倾向
v. 伸向，通向，倾向
frequently ad. 经常地，频繁地
zigzag n. Z字形, 蜿蜒曲折, 锯齿形adj. 曲折的, Z字形的, 锯齿形的adv. 曲折地, 成锯齿形地
exotically adv. 异国地，外来地ornamental adj. 装饰性的; 装饰用的; 装饰的
skyscraper n. 摩天楼, 超高层大楼; 特别高的东西allude v. 间接提到; 暗示; 影射geometric a. 几何学的, 几何学上的, 几何学图形的stylize vt. 仿效...的风格(因袭) ornamentation n. 装饰; 装饰品
angular adj. 消瘦的, 有角的, 有尖角的
abstract n. 摘要
a. 抽象的v. 摘要, 抽炼
motif n. 主题, 动机, 意念
sunburst n. 从云隙射下的阳光, 镶钻石的太阳形首饰astrological adj. 占星学的, 占星术的
imagery n. 肖像; 雕刻; 比喻
formalize v. 正式化; 使形式化; 定形
fountain n. 泉水; 喷泉
theme n. 主题, 题目, 话题
a. 摩西的
mosaic
n. 马赛克, 镶嵌细工, 镶木细工
n. 壁画
mural
adj. 壁的, 壁似的, 壁上的
ziggurat n. 古代亚述及巴比伦之金字形神塔(顶上有神殿) resemble v. 相似, 象, 类似
recede v. 退, 后退; 变模糊, 变淡; 远去; 变得渺茫progressively adv. 前进地; 日益增加地
n. 顶点
summit
n. 最高官阶; 最高级会议
staircase n.楼梯
Paragraph 2
manifestation n. 显示, 示威运动, 证明
streamline v. 使成流线型, 使合理化
futuristic adj. 未来派的
aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的
a. 水平的, 横的
horizontal
n. 水平线, 水平面
stripe n. 条纹
n. 建筑学, 建筑业
architecture
[总称]建筑物, 建筑风格
element n. 成分; 要素; 分子
accompany v. 陪伴, 带有
rooftop n. 屋顶
Paragraph 3
cither n. 齐特拉琴(古希腊一种类似竖琴的古乐器) classicism n. 古典主义; 古典教育主义; 古典风格; 古典派
severe adj. 严厉的, 剧烈的, 严格的
n. 保守者, 守旧者; 防腐剂; 保守党党员conservative
adj. 保守的, 有保存力的, 守旧的
v. 混合
blend
n. 混合物
modernistic adj. 现代的; 现代主义的; 现代化的; 现代派的austere adj. 严峻的, 简朴的
. 雕刻, 雕塑, 雕刻品
sculpture
v. 雕刻; 以雕刻装饰; 做...的雕像; 雕刻于; 从事雕刻
v. 使竖立, 树立, 使直立
erect
adj. 直立的; 笔直的; 竖立的
Paragraph 4
perceive v. 察觉; 意识到; 感知; 理解
thoroughly ad. 彻底地
decorative adj. 装饰性的, 装潢用的
nouveau adj. 新近到达的; 新近生产的
regularize v. 使有规则, 调整, 使有秩序
repetitive adj. 反复的; 唠叨的
symmetrical adj. 对称的; 整齐的; 匀称的
foliage n. 树叶; 植物
exotic adj. 异国的, 外来的
artisan n. 工匠; 技工
practitioner n. 从业者
a. 国内的, 家庭的, 驯养的
domestic
n. 家仆, 佣人
a. 附属的(副的, 辅助的)
accessory
n. 附件
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