英语国家文化概况期末考试题型及范围

期末考试题型及范围

Part I True or False (10%) 来自整本书课后习题

Part II Multiple Choice（单选） (10%)来自整本书课后习题

Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%) 课外

Part IV Vocabulary (20%) 来自课本英国部分和美国部分

Part V Explanations (10%) 十选二

Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二

Give explanation to the following terms.

1．Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁-撒克逊人(P6)

答：They were groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England

他们是日耳曼民族的群体谁在英国从公元5世纪定居下来。他们被视为英国的祖先和英格兰的创始人

2.The House of Commons下议院(P33)

答：The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.

下议院是英国政治生活中真正的中心，因为它是约650民意代表（国会议员）制定和政策辩论的地方。这些国会议员是民选的大选，并应代表谁投票支持他们的人的利益。

3.The Bill of Rights of 1689 (1689年人权法案)(P)

答："Bill of Rights" (the Bill of Rights),is a British bourgeois revolution important legal document,laid the theoretical and legal basis of British constitutional monarchy,established the principle of parliamentary monarchy have higher powers, with the nature of the Constitution, marking the beginning of a constitutional monarchy established in the United Kingdom,for the rapid development of British capitalism cleared the way.

《权利法案》（the Bill of Rights），是英国资产阶级革命中的重要法律文件，奠定了英国君主立宪政体的理论和法律基础，确立了议会所拥有的权力高于王权的原则，具有宪法的性质，标志着君主立宪制开始在英国建立，为英国资本主义的迅速发展扫清了道路。

4. the Cabinet of the UK英国内阁

5. Constitutional Monarchy 君主立宪制

6. The New Deal 新协议，新政

7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (1964民权法案)

8. The US Federal system 美国联邦系统

9. Comprehensive schools 综合学校

答：Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit students without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects to more general subjects like cooking.

10. the Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说

Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二

State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each.

1.What were te results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?（P29）

答：The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.

2.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the post-war period?(P52)

答：First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over by the mid-20th century. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up by investing in industry.

3.What are the general features of Britain's independent schools?(P65)

答： Britain's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system,most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands .Independent schools get their funding through the private sector as well as tuition fees,with minimal government assistance.Since they are generally better funded than most state schools,they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities .However ,the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.

4. What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?(P111)

答：The best possible way is to make people open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.