态度改变理论
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态度改变理论
态度改变理论
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background:white;word-break:break-all">1.海德的平衡理论认为,人们的认知系统中存在着使某些情感和评价之间趋向于一种的压力,强调人际关系对认知平衡的影响。
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background:white;word-break:break-all">借助P—O—X模型,可以推知人们的感情及其平衡关系中包括了八种状态。其中有四种是平衡的结构,四种是不平衡的。个体将尽可能少地改变情感关系以恢复平衡结构。在一定情景中,有许多解决不一致的途径。任何一种不平衡结构,都必须得到解决,以尽力维护其平衡。
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background:white;word-break:break-all">在企业管理中,可以采取一定的措施来改变员工对某人或某些实施方案的态度,尽力使员工的心理达到平衡,从而以积极的工作态度投入生产中,提高生产效率。
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background:white;word-break:break-all">2.费斯廷格的认
知失调论比起海德的平衡理论来,更注重个体通过自我调节达到认知的平衡。费斯廷格认为一个人的两种认知元素直接的不一致,就是失调。认知失调的来源有:决策行为和与自己的态度相矛盾的行动。而认知的失调,会逐渐促使人们改变自己的态度。认知元素的两个单位之间的关系分为协调、不协调和不相关。
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