数字随动系统实验装置设计

摘要

在控制系统中，若给定的输入信号是预先未知且随时间变化的，并且系统的输出量随输入量的变化而变化，这种系统就称为随动系统。快速跟踪和准确定位是随动系统的两个重要技术指标。传统的伺服控制系统通常采用模拟随动系统，即用运算放大器及外围电阻、电容元件实现比例、微分、积分校正网络，来改善系统的动态及静态特性。实际工作中我们感到模拟伺服随动系统具有算法呆板，电路调试繁琐，系统响应慢等诸多不足。随着计算机技术、现代控制理论的迅猛发展，由数字控制装置组成的随动系统即数字随动系统应运而生。

数字随动系统是输出量以一定精度复现输入量变化的自动控制系统, 它在对生产过程和运动对象的控制中, 以及在定位、瞄准、跟踪等装置中都占有显著的地位, 现己成为各种自动调节系统的组成部分。

本文的研究对象是数字随动系统,并结合数字随动系统的原理设计一个比较简单的数字随动系统实验装置。

关键字：快速跟踪准确定位伺服控制系统数字控制装置数字随动系统

Abstract

In the control system, if the input signal is given in advance of the unknown and change over time, and change due to the change in output with the input, this kind of system is called a servo system.Is fast tracking and accurate positioning servo system of two important technical indicators.Servo control systems are often used for traditional analog servo system, using operational amplifiers and peripheral resistance, capacitance components to achieve scale, differential, integral calibration network, to improve the system of dynamic and static characteristics.In the actual work we are simulating algorithm of servo system with rigid, circuit debugging cumbersome and inadequate systems respond slowly and many other.With the rapid development of computer technology, modern control theory, by numeric control servo system of the digital servo system came into being.

Digital Servo System output to a certain precision replication change the input volume control system.It in and moving objects in the control of the production process, and in positioning, targeting, tracking, and occupies a prominent position in the device.It has become an integral part of all kinds of automatic control system.

This object is the study of digital servo system, and combined with a digital servo system design of experimental device for a digital servo system is relatively simple.

Keywords：Fast-track Accurate positioning Servo control system

Digital control unit Digital Servo System

目录

第1章绪论................................................... - 1 -

1.1概述 (1)

1.2随动系统的发展过程 (2)

1.3研究的意义 (3)

第2章随动控制系统............................................. - 5 -

2.1随动系统的分类 (5)

2.2随动系统的结构组成 (6)

2.3随动系统的控制要求 (7)

2.4应用随动系统的目的 (8)

第3章总体设计方案及论证....................................... - 9 -

3.1设计任务及基本要求 (9)

3.2设计总体方案 (9)

3.3微处理器选择 (12)

3.3.1 MCS—51系列单片机内部结构............................ - 12 -

3.3.2 DSP系列微处理器...................................... - 13 -

3.3.3 PLC可编程控制器...................................... - 13 -

3.4检测环节的方案论证 (15)

3.5外围电路设计 (19)

3.6系统设计总框架图 (20)

第4章硬件电路设计............................................ - 21 -

4.1MCS—51系列单片机内部结构和引脚说明 (21)

4.2系统时钟电路设计 (24)

4.3复位电路 (25)