石化废水超滤—反渗透工艺深度处理研究

工程硕士学位论文

石化废水超滤—反渗透工艺深度处理研究

A STUDY ON PETROCHEMICAL

WASTE WATER ADVENCED

TREATMENT BY

ULTRAFILTRATION-REVERSE

OSMOSIS PROCESS

申庆伟

哈尔滨工业大学

2012年05月

国内图书分类号：TU998.14 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号：624 密级：公开

工程硕士学位论文

石化废水超滤—反渗透工艺深度处理研究

硕士研究生：申庆伟

导师：杜茂安教授

副导师：柳旭国高级工程师

申请学位：工程硕士

学科、专业：建筑与土木工程

所在单位：中国石化北京化工研究院

答辩日期：2012年05月

授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学

Classified Index: TU998.14

U.D.C: 624

Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering

A STUDY ON PETROCHEMICAL

WASTE WATER ADVANCED

TREATMENT BY

ULTRAFILTRATION-REVERSE

OSMOSIS PROCESS

Candidate:

Supervisor:

Associate Supervisor: Academic Degree Applied for: Speciality:

Affiliation:

Date of Oral Examination: University: Shen Qingwei

Prof. Du Maoan

Liu Xuguo Senior Engineer Master of Engineering Architecture and Civil Engineering Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry

May, 2012

Harbin Institute of Technology

哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文

摘要

论文论述了中国水资源现状：水资源短缺、水污染严重及水利用率低。石化行业作为耗水、排水大户，采取有效的废水回用技术，就受到广泛关注。本文所论述的石化废水是指经过二次污水处理达到北京市排放标准的废水。本课题从石化废水水质特征出发，着重研究了超滤——反渗透处理石化废水技术。通过生产性试验，研究了石化废水超滤—反渗透深度处理的运行效能及控制参数。

实验首先研究了石化废水超滤—反渗透技术处理工艺及设备、超滤运行情况对反渗透分离技术的影响、超滤—反渗透设备及运行控制参数与膜材料的选择。通过检测出水的脱盐率和回收率，以考察超滤—反渗透水处理技术应用到石化废水深度处理的可行性。

研究了石化废水采用超滤—反渗透深度处理的影响参数。对比进入超滤—反渗透的进水水质及出水水质控制指标，以考察超滤—反渗透应用于石化废水的具体特点。试验表明，在石化废水保证合格稳定的水质前提下，系统可以实现长期稳定运行，石化废水采用超滤—反渗透深度处理技术脱盐率高达98%，水回收率在75%左右，是目前为止脱盐率最高的的分离技术之一。

通过一系列试验，发现进水pH值、进水温度、操作压力、进水水质等对超滤—反渗透高效率稳定长周期运行有很大的影响，并对运行中出现的问题优化。本次试验确定了超滤—反渗透深度处理石化废水的最佳控制条件为：COD≤30mg/L、含盐量≤1000mg/L，浊度≤5NTU，pH值=6~7，进水温度25℃左右。通过研究对比3种生产一级除盐水成本，得出了最为合理的运行模式。

通过长期的运行试验，发现了超滤与反渗透装置设备常见的故障及在日常运行中经常遇到的问题。详细分析了膜污染的解决方法。

以上述研究为基础，用于新建超滤—反渗透装置，处理二级生化处理后的石化废水工程。并将此工程应用作为设计实例，深度介绍了石化废水超滤—反渗透深度处理工艺。

关键词：水资源；超滤；反渗透；工作原理；工艺参数优化

哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文

Abstract

The paper discusses the situation of water resource in China,including the shortage of water resource , water pollution and low water utilization rate. Petrochemical industry as a large area of using and drainaging water, must take effective wastewater reuse technique, which is widely concerned by society. The petrochemical wastewater expounded in this paper is to point to the waste water which had been treated by secondary sewage treatment and researched the standards for the discharge of wastewater of Beijing city. Based on the characteristics of the petrochemical wastewater, this paper mainly studies on using ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis process to treat it. Through the productive experiments, the operation efficiency and the control parameters of this treatment are studied.

The experiments firstly studied the effects of reverse osmosis separation technology by ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis process and equipment for petrochemical wastewater, the parameters of operation control and the selection of membrane material. Through testing the effluent desalination rate and recovery, it can be examined the feasibility that the ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis process could use in advanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater.

The paper studied impact parameters of using ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis as advanced treatment for petrochemical wastewater. The experiment shows that under the promise of qualifiled and stable water quality of petrochemical wastewater, the system can realize long-term and stable operation, with the high desalination rate 98% and the water recovery rate 75% by ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis process, which has been one of separation technology owning the highest desalination rate by far.

Through a series of experiments, we discovered the factor such as influent water temperature, pH value, operating pressure, water quality made the great effect on the long and stable operation with high efficiency by ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis process, and made the optimization for the problem during the operation.The best reaction conditions by the tese is as follow: COD less than 30 mg/L, salinity less than 1000 mg/L, turbidity less than 5 NTU, pH = 6 to 7, influent water temperature 20 ℃ or so, and chlorine dosage is 0. 5 ~ 1.0 mg/L. Compared three desalination cost by firstly treatment, we choose most reasonable operating mode.

Through the long-term operation test, we found the common fault of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis equipment and the frequent problem during the daily operation, and analysis detailed the solution to the membrane pollution.