基于活动的居民出行行为研究综述
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2008年第3期总第101期
文章编号:1003-2398(2008)03-0085-07
基于活动的居民出行行为研究综述
丁威1,2,杨晓光2,伍速锋2
(1.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055;2.同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海200092)
AREVIEWOFACTIVITY-BASEDTRAVELBEHAVIORRESEARCH
DINGWei1,2,YANGXiao-guang2,WUSu-feng2
(1SchoolofCivilEngineering,Xi'anUniversityofArchitecture&Technology,Xi'an710055,China;2SchoolofTrafficEngineering,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)
Abstracts:TheActivity-basedtravelbehaviortheoriesmainlystudyindividualorhouseholds'travelbehaviorlawsanddecisioncharactersintripchain.Anabundantresearchharvesthasbeengainedsincethesystematicalstudieswerecarriedthroughinwesterncountries.Thispaperfirstlyintroducestheoriginofactivity-basedtravelbehaviorresearch.Theactivity-basedapproachtotheanalysisoftravelbehaviorandtraveldemandoriginatedintheUK,theUSandGermanyin1970'stoovercomethelimitationsofthestandardfour-stageapproaches.Thestartingpointoftheapproachwastheswitchoffocusfromaggregatetripmakingtoindividualactivityparticipationandtheidentificationoftravelasaderiveddemand.Thenthedevelopmentandfruitsofactivity-basedtravelbehaviorresearchinwesterncountriesaresystematicallyillustrated,includingthefundamentaltheories,studymethods,andtheactivity-basedtraveldemandmodelsystems.Theactivity-basedtraveltheorycanbesummarizedintwobasicideas:first,thedemandfortravelisderivedfromthedemandforactivities.Secondly,humansfacetemporal-spatialconstraints.Asubstantialamountofanalysishasbeendonetorefinethetheory,testspecificbehavioralhypotheses,andexploratorymethodsofmodelingimportantaspectsofactivity-basedtravelbehavior.Boththeoreticaldevelopmentsareseenastwothreadsoriginatingfromacommonbehavioralassumption,namelythattripchainingisbasedonanr-sequentialdecisionmakingprocess.Thestudymethodofactivity-basedtravelbehaviorismainlyonthreeaspects:interspace-basedinteractionapproach,utility-basedapproachandheuristicapproach.Theseapproachesovercometheareadivisionlimitationsofthefour-stageapproachesandpresentday-to-daytravelbehaviorofindividualsandhouseholdsasbasicstudyunit.Activity-baseddemandforecastingmodelincludestwoaspects:econometricmodelandmixsimulationmodel.Thesemodelsystemsgaindevelopmentinthreesuccessivephases:MTC(MetropolitanTransportationcommission)system,Netherlands'tour-basedmodelandday-to-daytravelbehaviorchoicemodel.FinallythestatusquoandcharacteristicsoftravelbehaviorresearchinChinaareanalyzed.Theresultsindicatethattraveldemandderivingfromactivitydemand,peoplefacingtheconstraintofthetimeandspace,thelifestyleinfluencingpeople'sdecisions,andthetraveldecisionsinfluencingeachotherdynamicallyandmutuallyundervariableconditions.TheresearchisjustunderwayandChinashoulddeveloptheactivity-basedtravelbehaviorresearchbasedonanalyzingChinesetravelbehaviordeeplyinordertosupporttrafficplanninganddecision-makingoftransportmanagementpolicy.
Keywords:activity-based;travelbehavior;tripchain;traveldemandmodel
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(70501023);西安建筑科技大学青年科技基金项目(QN0608)
作者简介:丁威(1971—),男,河南安阳人,讲师,同济大学交通运输工程学院博士生,西安建筑科技大学讲师,研究方向为出行行为理论。
收稿日期:2007-03-02;修订日期:2007-06-01
HUMANGEOGRAPHYVol.23.No.32008/6