英语简明语法分析

简明英语语法
第一单元词性（Parts of Speech）
英语中的词是构成句子的基本单位，根据其意义或在句中的作用，分为10种类型：
（1）名词（2）代词（3）动词（4）形容词（5）副词
（6）数词（7）冠词（8）介词（9）连词（10）感叹词
其含义简述如下：
1. 名词n. (noun): 表示人、物的名称的词类，如：
Tom 汤姆, table 桌子, river 河流, happiness 幸福, China中国
2. 代词pron. (pronoun): 代替名词的词类，如：
I我, you你, this 这个, those那些, who谁, what 什么, some一些
3. 动词v. (verb): 表示动作的词类，如：
walk 走, speak说, jump跳, feel 感到, prove 证实
4．形容词adj. (adjective): 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征, 如：
big —a big table 大桌子，small —a small river 小河，
old —an old man 老人，clever —a clever boy 聪敏的男孩
5. 副词adv. (adverb): 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的此类，如：
quickly快—She walked quickly away.（修饰动词walk）她迅速走开了。

extremely 极度地—The meeting is extremely important.(修饰形容词important) 这次会议极其重要。

6．数词num. (numeral): 是表示数量和序数的词。

分为基数词和序数词，如：
基数词：one一two二, three三our四, a hundred 一百
序数词：first第一second 第二, third 第三, fourth第四
7. 冠词art.(article): 是用来帮助说明名词的词类。

英语中冠词共有三个：
定冠词“the”
不定冠词“a, an”
8. 介词prep.(preposition): 用来表示名词、代词与其他词之间的关系，如：
in 在……里面, in front of 在……前面, above 在……上面，except 除……以外，
against 反对，about 关于
9. 连词con. (conjunction): 用来连接词与词或句子与句子的此类，如：
and 和, but 但是, neither …nor 既不……也不, if如果, because因为,
10. interj.(interjection): 用来表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情的此类，如：
oh 哟, ah啊, alas哎呀, aha啊哈, my我的天, dear天哪
练习：
1.1说出下列句子中划线部分的单词的词性：
1.My wife, Amy, likes to sing.
2.So she decided to join the church choir.
3.She would practice singing while she was in the kitchen preparing dinner.
4.Oh, Joe，don’t you like my singing?
5.“Honey, I love your singing, but I just want to make sure the neighbors know I’m not beating you.”
6.The morning following the birth of our first child, my husband came to see me from another city.
7.He walked into the room quietly.
8.The woman was surprised to see a stranger.
9.But before she could say anything, my husband gave a quick smile.
10.The woman was speechless.
练习答案
1.1 说出下列句子中划线部分的单词的词性
1.名词
2. 动词
3. 代词
4. 感叹词
5. 连词
6. 序数词
7. into 介词, quietly副词
8. the 冠词，stranger名词9. a 冠词，quick形容词10. 形容词
第二单元句子成分（Members of Sentences)
英语句子由此或词组构成。

每一个词或词组在句中具有各自的功能。

我们把词或词组的功能称为“句子成分”。

共有六种成分：
（1）主语（2）谓语（3）宾语（4）表语（5）定语（6）状语
其含义简述如下：
1、主语（Subject）:
主语是句子中需要加以说明和描述的对象，如：
●The plane has just taken off. 飞机刚起飞。

主语
●Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。

主语
●May I ask you a question? 我可以问个问题吗？
主语
主语一般有名词或代词来充当。

2、谓语（Predicate）:
谓语表示主语的动作，如：
●I played basketball yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我打了篮球。

谓语
●Everyone enjoy s the challenge of quizzes. 人人都喜欢猜谜语。

谓语
谓语一般由动词来充当。

3、宾语（object）:
宾语是表示动作的对象或承受者，如：
●Peter bought a new dictionary. 彼德买了一本新词典。

宾语
●I shall answer your question after class. 我课后再回答你的问题。

宾语
宾语通常由名词或代词来充当。

4、表语（Complement）
表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，如：
●He is a poet. 他是一位诗人。

表语
●The soup is delicious. 这汤味道真好。

表语
●My luggage is in the car. 我的行李在车里。

表语
表语一般有名词或形容词来充当。

5、定语(attributive)
定语用来修饰名词或代词，如：
●The family are fond of classical music. 这家人喜欢古典音乐。

定语
● A happy person makes a better parent. 性格开朗的人更能成为一名好的家长。

定语
定语主要由形容词来充当。

6、状语(adverbial)
状语用来说明事件发生的地点、时间、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、程度、比较和方式等。

例如：
（1）动词：
●He speaks French fluently. 她法语说得很流利。

状语
●The match was put off because of rain. 比赛因天雨而推迟。

状语
（2）形容词：I’m very happy to see you all. 我很高兴见到大家。

状语
(3 ) 副词：The traffic is moving pretty slowly 交通很堵。

状语
（4）整个句子：Luckily, he wasn’t injured. 幸运得很，她没有受伤。

状语
状语主要由副词或短语来充当。

练习
2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：
1.Experience is the best teacher.
2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future.
3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points.
4.Was the bridge built last year?
5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ?
6. A company isn’t just a name and a building.
7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson.
8.He called a moment ago.
9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia.
练习答案
2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：
1. Experience is the best teacher. 主语
2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future. 谓语
3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points. 定语
4.Was the bridge built last year? 谓语
5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ? 宾语
6. A company isn’t just a name and a building. 表语
7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson. 状语（修饰整句）
8.He called a moment ago. 状语（表示时间）
9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia. 状语（表示地点）
第三单元语序（Word order）
每一种语言都有自己的遣词造句的规则。

例如，我们能理解这样的中文句子：“我们都喜欢打蓝球”
但是，我们不能理解以下的句子：
“都打喜欢篮球我们”
“喜欢篮球打我们都”
同样，英语也有它自己的遣词造句的规则，英语句子的语序共有以下7种类型：
1.主语+ 谓语
The girl cried. 女孩哭了。

The students are dancing 学生们在跳舞。

2．主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
We like music. 我们喜欢音乐。

He studies economy. 他研究经济。

.
3. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
Her father is a doctor. 她的父亲是一名医生。

The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。

My favorite holiday is thanksgiving. 我喜爱的节日是感恩节。

4. 主语+ 谓语+ 状语
They work hard. 他们努力工作。

5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 状语
She teaches English in an evening school. 她在一所夜校教英语。

6. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
He gave Mary a rose. 他给玛丽一朵玫瑰花。

Mom made me a skirt. 妈妈为我做了一条裙子。

注意：
间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指事物。

7.主语+ 谓语+宾语+ 宾语补语
Everybody believed him honest. 人人都相信他是诚实的。

The director told Angela to sit down. 导演让安吉拉坐下。

注意：
句中“honest” 是用来补充说明宾语”him”的，称为“宾语补语”。

宾语补语可以由形容词、名词、分词短语、不定式、介词短语等来充当。

英语句子纵然千变万化，但是，万变不离以上7种基本句型结构。

练习
3.1分析下列句子的语序（用“主语+ 谓语+ ......”表示）：
1. Beethoven was a greatest musicians.
2. We went ashore after swimming for an hour.
3. Fast food restaurants are popular.
4. I don’t understand the sentence.
5.Cola companies keep their exact recipes a secret.
6.The customer puts a coin into the machine.
7.His plan has changed.
8.She told me all about it.
练习答案
3.1分析下列句子的语序
1. Beethoven was a greatest musicians. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
2.We went ashore after swimming for an hour. 主语+ 谓语+ 状语
3, Fast food restaurants are popular. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
4.I don’t understand the sentence. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
5.Cola companies keep their exact recipes a secret. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补语
6.The customer puts a coin into the machine, 主语+ 谓语+ 状语.
7.His plan has changed. 主语+ 谓语
8.She told me all about it. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
语序（补充）
在上一章中“句子的基本类型”中描述了主语、谓语、表语和宾语在句子中的位置。

在一般情况下英语的句子基本遵循这4种核心语序：
1.主语+ 谓语(The students are swimming.)
2.主语+ 谓语+ 宾语(The student are listening to music.)
3.主语+ 联系动词+ 表语(They are students.) (The students are energetic.)
4.主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语（The teacher gave students some books.）
在这一章节中我们将着重了解定语和状语在句子中的位置。

1.定语的位置
我们知道定语主要功能是修饰名词。

在一般情况下，定语置于它所修饰的名词之前，例如：
●We can find useful information online. 我们可在网上找到有用的信息。

定语（修饰名词information）
●Ann was very happy when she passed her exam.
定语（修饰名词exam）
安妮通过了考试，非常高兴。

以下情况，定语必须置于它所修饰词之后：
（1）当定语是由短语构成时：
●Henry was a boy curious about anything.亨利是一位对于任何事都很好奇的孩子。

定语（修饰boy）
●This is a book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。

定语（修饰book）
（2）当定语修饰some, any, no 以及-thing, -one, -body合成的不定代词：
●There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。

定语（修饰nothing）
●Don’t do anything stupid. 别做蠢事。

定语（修饰anything）
2.状语的位置
一般情况下，状语一般位于句末，例如：
●She speaks English perfectly. 她英语说得很好。

状语
●Tom drove carefully along the narrow street. 汤姆狭窄的路上小心地驾车。

状语状语
●She smiled at me in a friendly way. 她友好地对我微笑。

状语
为了强调状语，也可以把状语置于句首，例如：
●Suddenly, the baby burst into cry. 突然，小孩大哭起来。

状语
●In 1921，Einstein won the Nobel Price for Physics.
状语
1921年爱因斯坦获诺贝尔物理奖。

To buy a computer, I need money. 为买电脑，我需要钱。

状语
练习
3.2把括号里的定于放入恰当的位置，并重写句子：
1.The problem has now been solved. (main)
2.We didn’t stop to rest during the trip home. (long)
3.There is something in his speech. (important)
4.People want to eat vegetables and fruits.(without the use of chemicals)
5.The boy has got the first prize for singing competition. (in Class 3)
6.Television doesn’t give people the chance to express their views. (ordinary)
3.3把括号里的状语于放入恰当的位置，并重写句子：
7.I haven’t seen John. (recently)
8.She waved her hands around. ( in a lively fashion)
9.The girl speaks French. (fluently)
10.He step back and looked at the newly-painted door. (satisfactorily)
11.The police noticed some footprints. (on the door)
12.Most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. (in the
ancient world)
练习答案
3.2
1. The main problem has now been solved.
2. We didn’t stop to rest during the long trip home.
3. There is something important in his speech.
4. People want to eat vegetables and fruits without the use of chemicals.
5. The boy in Class 3 has got the first prize for singing competition.
6. Television doesn’t give ordinary people the chance to express their views.
3.3
1. I haven’t seen John recently.
2. She waved her hands around in a lively fashion.
3. The girl speaks French fluently.
4. He stepped back and looked at the newly-painted picture satisfactorily.
5. The police noticed some fingerprints on the door. / On the door, the police
noticed some footprints.
6. Most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another in the ancient
world. / In the ancient world, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another
第四单元句子的种类（Sentence Structure）
英语中的句子被分为三类：简单句，并列句和复合句。

1.什么是简单句？
只包含一个主谓结构的句子，称为简单句。

例如：
（1）They were sitting by the lake. 他们在湖边坐着。

（2）Tom speaks good Chinese. 汤姆中文说得很好。

（3）Tom speaks and writes good Chinese. 汤姆中文说得很好，写得也很好。

（4）Tom and Marry speak good Chinese. 汤姆和玛丽中文说得很好。

2.什么是并列句？
用连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句，称为并列句。

例如：
（1）Honey is sweet but the bee stings. 蜂蜜好喝，但蜜蜂蜇人。

（2）Last year I met Kate and we became friends. 去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。

（3）Let’s hurry or we will be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。

3.什么是复合句（主从复合句）？
在整个句子中，其中一个或多个成分由句子充当，这种结构称为从句，而整个句子称为复合句。

例如：
（1）I think that you are right. 我认为你是对的。

（2）I don’t know why he is absent. 我不知道他为什么缺席。

（3）He worried about whether he hurt her feelings. 他担心他是否伤了她的感情。

（4）She looked both ways before she cross the street. 她两边望了望，然后才穿越马路。

（5）I won’t get lost if I take a map. 如果我带张地图，就不会迷路了。

（6）Mary did not go shopping because I advised her not to. 玛丽没去购物，因为我建议她别去。

（7）That she will come to our party is certain. 她来参加我们的晚会时肯定的。

（8）What he said is not true. 他所说的话不是真的。

（9）It is good that he has passed the exam. （That he has passed the exam is good.）他通过了考试真好。

（10）It is obvious that he misunderstood me. （That he misunderstood me is obvious.）他显然误解了我。

（11）That’s why I am late. 这就是我迟到的原因。

（12）The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得一读。

（13）That was how he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方法。

（14）I believe the fact that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。

（15）We were happy at the news that our team had won. 我们很高兴我们队赢了比赛.
（16）The watch that I bought yesterday works well. 我昨天买的手表走的很好。

（17）The novel which I have just finished is by Dickens. 我刚读完的小说是狄更斯的作品。

（18）She is the nurse who looked after the soldier carefully. 她就是那位悉心照料士兵的护士。

（19）The man who called this morning was Mary’s brother. 今天早晨打电话的人士玛丽的兄弟。

（20）He is the best payer that our has ever had. 他是我队最佳球员。

（21）The girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100-meter race. (whose= the girl’s)那个英语很棒的女孩在100米赛跑中得了第一名。

（22）The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old. (whose roof = the roof of the house)
那座屋顶需要修理的房子房龄只有三年。

（23）The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of the company.
你刚才和她握手的那个人是公司的老板。

We can also say:
The woman who you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
The woman that you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
The woman whom you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
（24）We will never forget the days when we first got to Germany.
我们永远不会忘记初到德国的那些日子.
（25）This is the house where (in which ) my father was born.
（26）Could you give me a reason why you left without a word? 请给我一个你不辞而别的理由好吗？
练习
4. 1 指出下列句子的种类并把句子中文
1.Next year I will be in college and I’ll be studying night and day perhaps.
2.Tom and Mary didn’t get much sleep last night.
3.In New York City, horses must be given a 15-minute “coffee break”for each hours of work.
4.I did not make a lot of friends when I was in high school.
5.To be honest, I don’t think that the jacket is well made.
6.The situation looked terrible but they did not give up hope.
7.The camera takes good pictures and the [price is reasonable.
8.After you get your driver’s license, you find our that all you friends want rides.
第五单元动词不定式（Infinitive）(1)
1．动词不定式作主语：
●To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。

●To help you is my pleasure. 我很乐意帮助你。

注：不定式做主语时，常用“it”放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到句末。

例如：●It is not an easy thing to master a language. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。

●It is my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。

2．动词不定式作表语：
●The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。

●My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房
●His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。

练习
5.1 请指出下例句中的不定式结构，说明其在句中的成份，并把句子译成中文
1. To make the mistakes twice is unforgivable.
2. To promise too much is to promise nothing.
3. It is impossible to get there before dark.
5.2把下例句子译成英语：
4. 做一名好母亲需要耐心。

5. 无证驾驶是违法的。

6. 掌握一门外语是十分必要的。

7. 眼见为实。

8. 我的梦想是成为一名飞行员。

练习答案
5.1
1. To make the same mistakes twice is unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不能原谅的。

主语
2. To promise too much is to promise nothing. 承诺太多等于什么也没承诺。

主语表语
3. It is impossible to get there before dark. 天黑之前到达那儿是不可能的。

形式主语主语
5.2
4. To be a good mother requires patience. / It requires patience to be a good teacher
5. To drive without a license is illegal. /It is illegal to drive without a license.
6. To master a foreign language is necessary. / It is necessary to master foreign language.
7. To see is to believe.
8. My dream is to become a pilot
第五单元动词不定式(2)
1．动词不定式作宾语：
●I wish to learn English well. 我希望把英语学好。

●I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。

●He encouraged me to try again. 他鼓励我再试一遍。

●He offered to help me with my English study. 他提出在英语学习上帮助我。

2. 在动词不定式前还可加上疑问词，例如：
●We don’t know what to do next. 我们不知道下一步该怎么做。

●Please show us how to operate the machine. 请向我们演示如何操作这台机器。

●Have you decide whether to go for a trip to Australia. 你是否决定去澳大利亚旅行？
练习
5.3划出下例句中的动词不定式并说明其在句中的成份，然后将句子译成中文：
1.Don't worry! I'll manage to help you.
2.The driver failed to see the other car in time.
3.He offered to help me.
4.There are so many kinds of computers that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
5.4把括号中汉语译成英语:
5. I showed her ____________(该按哪个按钮).
6. Please tell me ____________(找谁帮忙) when I have trouble.
7. The Actress was so excited that she didn’t know______（说什么）.
8. He’d managed ___________（说服她母亲为他买一台新手机）.
9. If you __________（希望去听音乐）for weekend, our office will be delighted to book the
tickets for you.
练习答案
5.3
1.Don't worry! I'll manage to help you. （宾语）别担心！我会设法帮助你的。

2.The driver failed to see the other car in time. （宾语）司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

3.He offered to help me. （宾语）他表示愿意帮助我。

4.There are so many kinds of computers that I can't make up my mind which to buy. （宾语）
有这么多种电脑，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

5.4
5. Which button to press
6. Whom to ask for help
7. what to say
8. to persuade to buy a new mobile phone for him. Or: buy him a new mobile phone
9. to go to the concert
第五单元动词不定式(3)
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用在“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。

例如：
●He got me to join them in the discussion. 他让我参加他们的讨论。

“He”做主语，“got”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

●Mary reminded her brother to post the letter. 马莉提醒她弟弟寄信。

“Mary”作主语，“reminded”作谓语，“her brother”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

●My mother want me to keep my room tidy.我妈妈让我保持房间整洁。

“my mother”作主语，“want”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

2．不定式在感官动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，listen to，look at之后，不定式要省略“to”。

例如：
3. 不定式在使役动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在使役动词make，have，let之后，不定式要省略“to”。

●I’ll have him answer the question. 我要他回答这个问题。

●Mother made me make the beds. 妈妈要我铺床。

注意：如果此类句子变为被动语态，则原来作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略“to”。

如：
4. 不定式在help后
help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。

例如：
I'll help you to push the cart. 我帮你推车。

1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用在“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。

例如：
●He got me to join them in the discussion. 让我参加他们的讨论。

“He”做主语，“got”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

●Mary reminded her brother to post the letter. 马莉提醒她弟弟寄信。

“Mary”作主语，“reminded”作谓语，“her brother”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

●My mother want me to keep my room tidy.我要你保持房间保持整洁。

“my mother”作主语，“want”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。

2．不定式在感官动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，
3. 不定式在使役动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在使役动词make，have，let之后，不定式要省略“to”。

●I’ll have him answer the question. 我要他回答这个问题。

●Mother made me make the beds. 妈妈要我铺床。

注意：如果此类句子变为被动语态，则原来作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略“to”。

如：
4. 不定式在help后
help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to，
例如：
练习
5.5 将下例句子译成英语
1. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

2. 我们相信他诚实的。

3. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

4. 我们将邀请李教授来给我们上音乐课。

5. 有人看到这孩子走进大楼。

6. 常常听到她唱这首歌。

7. 这对夫妇常常在花园里看他们的孩子做游戏。

练习答案
1. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2. We believe him to be honest.
3. We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
4. We will invite Professor Li to give us a music lecture.
5. A child was seen to enter the building.
6. She was often heard to sing this song.
7. The couple often watch their children play games in the garden.
第五单元动词不定式（4）
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式可在句中作定语。

不定式做定语时，通常要放在被修饰的词的后面。

例如：●There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。

●As a boy, he had no chance to go to school. 他小时侯没有机会上学。

●He was the last one to leave the office . 他是最后一个离开办公室的人。

●He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。

练习
5.6 请将括号内的中文译成英语
1. We have _______________(有很多东西要学) about human body.
2.I admire _______________.(他工作做得快).
3. Having been away for two years, I am filled with _______________（回家的渴望）
4. Bob has no reason _______________.(抱怨).
5. A further trouble was _______________(她不肯坐飞机旅行).
6. Tom was _______________(第一个到学校的人)。

练习答案：
5.6
1. a lot of things to learn
2. his ability to do the work quickly
3. the desire to go back home
4. to complain
5. her refusal to travel by air
6. the first one to arrive at school
或：the first to arrive at school
第五单元动词不定式（5）
1.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语可用来表示目的、结果、原因等意义。

例如：
1）表示目的
●He ran fast to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

（表示“run”的目的）●I come here to say good-bye to you.我来是向你告别。

（表示“come”的目的）
2）表示结果
●What have I said to make you angry? 我说什么了使你这么生气？
注：不定式表示“结果”常见于下列结构：
●I went to see him only to find him out. 我去看他，没想到他出去了。

●She was too tired to work on. 她太累了，不能继续干下去。

●He is so careless as to get everything confused. 他粗心以至把事情搞乱。

3）表示原因
●I'm glad to see you. (= we are glad because we saw you.) 很高兴见到你。

●We jumped with joy to hear the news. (= we jumped with joy because hear the news.) 我们
听到这消息高兴得跳了起来。

●I’m sorry to have made this mistake. (I’m sorry because I made this mistake.) 我犯了这个
错误，感到很抱歉。

练习：
5.7 请指出下例句中的不定式结构，说明其在句中的成份，并把句子译成中文。

1.He borrowed some books to read after class.
2.She was too weak to say a word.
3.He returned to get his umbrella.
4.He returned to find that his classmates had gone.
5.We are delighted to know that you are back and work with us.
6.They were amused to watch the comic show.
练习答案：
5.7
1. 他借了一些书课后阅读。

to read after class (状语表示目的)
2. 她太虚弱了以至不能说话。

too weak to say a word (状语表示结果)
3. 他回去取雨伞。

to get his umbrella. (状语表示目的)
4. 他回去发现他的同学已离开了。

to find that his classmates had gone (状语表示结果)
5. 我们很高兴你回来和我们一起工作。

to know that you are back and work with us （状语表示原因）
6. 他们看了喜剧表演，觉得很有趣。

to watch the comic show（状语表示原因）
第五单元动词不定式(6)
1.不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式由not +不定式构成, 例如：
●We decided not to buy the house. 我们决定不买房子。

●He told me not to worry about it. 他要我别为此事担忧。

2．不定式的时态
不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词同时发生。

例如：
●He pretended to be listening attentively to the teacher. 他假装在仔细听老师讲课。

●They seem to be talking something important. 他们似乎在谈论重要的事。

不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。

例如：
●I am sorry to have kept you waiting a long time. 对不起，让你等了很久。

●He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。

●The girl was happy to have received many gifts on her birthday.
这位姑娘很高兴在她生日那天收到那么多精美礼物。

3.不定式的被动形式
如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受着，不定式需用被动语态，构成形式如下：
例如：
●He dislikes to to be praised in public. 他不喜欢被当众表扬
●The only animal to be seen in the desert was camel. 沙漠中中唯一能看到的动物是骆驼。

●The magazines are not allowed to to be taken out of the reading room.
杂志不可以带出阅览室。

练习
5.8
第五单元疑问词+动词不定式(7)
不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，why，where
等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

1．作主语
●How to get rid of pollution is a big problem. 任何消除污染是个大问题。

●Whether to accept the offer hasn’t been decided yet. 我们还没有决定是否接受帮助。

2．作宾语
常用作以下极物动词的宾语：tell，show，teach，know，understand，see，find out，learn，decide，advise，discuss，remember，forget等。

●I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。

●He didn’t know how to write the letter. 他不知道怎样写这封信。

●Can you tell me whether to go or stay? 你能告诉我是否去吗？
●Let’s decide when to begin to do it. 让咱们决定什么时候开始干吧。

●I was thinking of how to fulfill our task 我正在考虑如何完成我们的任务。

3．作表语
●The question is where to find him。

问题是到哪里去找他。

●Our problem is whether to tell him the truth or not. 我们问题是是否要告诉她真相。

练习:
5.9将下例句子译成英语（用疑问词+不定式）
1. 请向我们演示如何去(handle)操作这部机器。

2. 我告诉她应该按哪个按钮。

3. 你已经决定何时动身了吗？
4. 什么时候开会还没有定下来。

5. 怎样说与说什么一样重要。

练习答案
5.9
1. Please show us how to handle the machine.
2. I showed her which button to press.
3. Have you decided when to go?
4. When to start is not decided yet.
5. How to say is as important as what to say.
练习：
5.10选择填空
1. The mother didn’t know _____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who
B. when
C. how
D. what
2. No one told her ______.
A. what to do
B. what she does
C. how to do
D. when to
3. The question was _____ to take the children to the theatre or to leave them at home.
A. how
B. when
C. if
D. whether
4. Last summer I took a course on _______ to make dress..
A. where
B. whether
C. how
D. what
5. My mother looked very angry. She seemed ______ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to have been told
D. to be telling
6. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
练习答案；
5.10 1.A 2.A 3.D 4. how 5.C
6.B
第五单元动词不定式（8）
动词不定式的特殊结构
1. 不定式作状语的特殊结构：
句型A：so as to do / in order to do 表示目的。

例如：
●She opened the window in order to let fresh air in. 她打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。

●Move slowly in order not to frighten the bird. 走慢一点以免惊吓那只鸟。