黄土隧道施工方法
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本文在综合分析国内外研究成果的基础上，对黄土隧道不同施工方法的初 期支护三维力学性能进行了数值模拟分析，评价了不同工法的优劣性，并结合 工程实际，对作者参与设计的郑西线巩义隧道进行了施工过程地层响应分析， 主要取得的研究成果如下：
(1) 采用三维弹塑性模型数值计算软件，模拟计算弧形导坑法、CD 法、CRD 法施工过程，进行各施工阶段黄土地层与支护的静力计算，分析围岩和支护体 系的应力场与位移场，对支护进行优化设计，优选最佳施工方案，对设计和施 工提出指导性建议。
and the range of grouting, the length of excavation and the thickness of shotcrete, etc.)
are analyzed precisely, and the appraisement of the effect of heterotaxy control is
Chinese loess distributing. The mileage of all the tunnels those crossed loess belt is as
much as 65km. All the tunnels on the special railway line are twin-track tunnels, their excavation area reached 174m2 which is the biggest in our county’s loess tunnels at
1.1 引言··························································································································································1 1.2 黄土隧道的研究现状及存在的问题·········································································2 1.3 本文的主要研究内容···············································································································6 2 黄土隧道的基本力学原理研究·······························································································7 2.1 概述·························································································································································7 2.2 黄土隧道围岩压力分析········································································································7 2.3 黄土的弹塑性本构关系·····································································································14 2.4 本章小结··········································································································································18 3 黄土隧道施工方法的三维弹塑性有限元分析·······················································19 3.1 有限元法基本思想·················································································································19 3.2 三维等参单元有限元计算模型··················································································19 3.3 施工过程有限元仿真的实现························································································21 3.4 不同施工方法的有限元模拟························································································23 3.5 本章小结··········································································································································36 4 黄土隧道开挖过程中的地层响应······················································································37 4.1 MIDAS/GTS 软件简介········································································································37 4.2 模型建立说明······························································································································37 4.3 开挖引起地层变位效应数值分析·············································································40 4.4 不同施工措施对控制变形的影响·············································································43 4.5 本章小结··········································································································································47
numerical simulation method, the advantages and disadvantages in different
construction ways are estimated. Furthermore, the ground mechanical response in the
displacement field of surrounding rock and support system are analyzed, the intensity
of support is verified and the design of support is optimized for choosing the best
the universality characters of loess such as the form, growth rule, characteristic,
conditions of form, etc. The study which aimed at practical projects is not systemic
project and giving directive advices to design and construction.
(2) The measure of construction control which will be used in the segment where
the tunnel crossed below 310 national highway is studied practically. Based on finite
element method, the incidence of tunnel excavation, the response of loess ground and
the effect of heterotaxy control by different engineering measures (such as the part
(2) 结合巩义隧道的实际情况，研究了巩义隧道下穿 310 国道段的施工 方法及主要施工控制措施；并以有限元理论为基础，对隧道开挖的影响范围 及黄土地层响应作出较精确的分析，并分析了不同工程措施(辅助施工措施、 注浆部位、注浆半径、喷混凝土厚度)对地层变位的控制效果，对控制效果作 出了合理评价。
关键词：黄土隧道 有限元分析 地层响应 施工方法
design and construction of Zheng-Xi railway effectively.
In the thesis, based on the worldwide research achievements, the 3D mechanical
capabilities of primary support in different construction ways are analyzed by
3D elastoplastical numerical computation software. The statics of loess ground and
support in each phase of construction process is calculated, the stress and
conditions is not enough, and there’re lacking for the mature construction experiences
which can be used for reference, so existing progenies are difficult to supervise the
I
11111
Abstract
Zhengzhou-Xi’an special railway line for passenger transport is one of domestic
high speed railways which planed to be constructed and located on the heartland of
construction process of Gongyi tunnel which designed by the author is analyzed
practically. The main achievements are as follows:
(1) The construction process of arc-drift, CD and CRD methods are simulated by
present.
Based on the analysis of relevant literature, it is found that although domestic
and overseas scholars have done a mass of study on loess, most of them studied on
11111
摘要
郑州至西安的客运专线为国内首批拟建的高速客运专线，该线位于中国黄 土分布的中心地带，全线穿过黄土段的隧道累计里程长达 65km。该线隧道均为 双线隧道，开挖面积达 174m2，是目前国内开挖断面最大的黄土隧道。
通过对有关文献的分析总结，发现国内外学者虽然对黄土进行了大量的研 究工作，但大多是从地质的角度对黄土的形式、发育规律、特点以及形成条件 等基础理论方面进行一般性研究，针对实际工程的研究成果尚不系统、深入， 对黄土隧道施工技术的研究，特别是在复杂条件下对超大断面黄土隧道修建技 术的研究尚不多见，可供借鉴的成熟施工经验也较少，因此，已有成果难以有 针对性地指导郑西线的设计和施工。
and in-depth enough. The research on the technique of loess tunnel construction,
especially the technique of superhuge tunnel construction under the complicated
given. Key words： loess tunnel
FEM analysis
ground response
construction methods
II
11111
目录
目 录·······························································································································································III 1 绪 论··························································································································································1
(1) 采用三维弹塑性模型数值计算软件，模拟计算弧形导坑法、CD 法、CRD 法施工过程，进行各施工阶段黄土地层与支护的静力计算，分析围岩和支护体 系的应力场与位移场，对支护进行优化设计，优选最佳施工方案，对设计和施 工提出指导性建议。
and the range of grouting, the length of excavation and the thickness of shotcrete, etc.)
are analyzed precisely, and the appraisement of the effect of heterotaxy control is
Chinese loess distributing. The mileage of all the tunnels those crossed loess belt is as
much as 65km. All the tunnels on the special railway line are twin-track tunnels, their excavation area reached 174m2 which is the biggest in our county’s loess tunnels at
1.1 引言··························································································································································1 1.2 黄土隧道的研究现状及存在的问题·········································································2 1.3 本文的主要研究内容···············································································································6 2 黄土隧道的基本力学原理研究·······························································································7 2.1 概述·························································································································································7 2.2 黄土隧道围岩压力分析········································································································7 2.3 黄土的弹塑性本构关系·····································································································14 2.4 本章小结··········································································································································18 3 黄土隧道施工方法的三维弹塑性有限元分析·······················································19 3.1 有限元法基本思想·················································································································19 3.2 三维等参单元有限元计算模型··················································································19 3.3 施工过程有限元仿真的实现························································································21 3.4 不同施工方法的有限元模拟························································································23 3.5 本章小结··········································································································································36 4 黄土隧道开挖过程中的地层响应······················································································37 4.1 MIDAS/GTS 软件简介········································································································37 4.2 模型建立说明······························································································································37 4.3 开挖引起地层变位效应数值分析·············································································40 4.4 不同施工措施对控制变形的影响·············································································43 4.5 本章小结··········································································································································47
numerical simulation method, the advantages and disadvantages in different
construction ways are estimated. Furthermore, the ground mechanical response in the
displacement field of surrounding rock and support system are analyzed, the intensity
of support is verified and the design of support is optimized for choosing the best
the universality characters of loess such as the form, growth rule, characteristic,
conditions of form, etc. The study which aimed at practical projects is not systemic
project and giving directive advices to design and construction.
(2) The measure of construction control which will be used in the segment where
the tunnel crossed below 310 national highway is studied practically. Based on finite
element method, the incidence of tunnel excavation, the response of loess ground and
the effect of heterotaxy control by different engineering measures (such as the part
(2) 结合巩义隧道的实际情况，研究了巩义隧道下穿 310 国道段的施工 方法及主要施工控制措施；并以有限元理论为基础，对隧道开挖的影响范围 及黄土地层响应作出较精确的分析，并分析了不同工程措施(辅助施工措施、 注浆部位、注浆半径、喷混凝土厚度)对地层变位的控制效果，对控制效果作 出了合理评价。
关键词：黄土隧道 有限元分析 地层响应 施工方法
design and construction of Zheng-Xi railway effectively.
In the thesis, based on the worldwide research achievements, the 3D mechanical
capabilities of primary support in different construction ways are analyzed by
3D elastoplastical numerical computation software. The statics of loess ground and
support in each phase of construction process is calculated, the stress and
conditions is not enough, and there’re lacking for the mature construction experiences
which can be used for reference, so existing progenies are difficult to supervise the
I
11111
Abstract
Zhengzhou-Xi’an special railway line for passenger transport is one of domestic
high speed railways which planed to be constructed and located on the heartland of
construction process of Gongyi tunnel which designed by the author is analyzed
practically. The main achievements are as follows:
(1) The construction process of arc-drift, CD and CRD methods are simulated by
present.
Based on the analysis of relevant literature, it is found that although domestic
and overseas scholars have done a mass of study on loess, most of them studied on
11111
摘要
郑州至西安的客运专线为国内首批拟建的高速客运专线，该线位于中国黄 土分布的中心地带，全线穿过黄土段的隧道累计里程长达 65km。该线隧道均为 双线隧道，开挖面积达 174m2，是目前国内开挖断面最大的黄土隧道。
通过对有关文献的分析总结，发现国内外学者虽然对黄土进行了大量的研 究工作，但大多是从地质的角度对黄土的形式、发育规律、特点以及形成条件 等基础理论方面进行一般性研究，针对实际工程的研究成果尚不系统、深入， 对黄土隧道施工技术的研究，特别是在复杂条件下对超大断面黄土隧道修建技 术的研究尚不多见，可供借鉴的成熟施工经验也较少，因此，已有成果难以有 针对性地指导郑西线的设计和施工。
and in-depth enough. The research on the technique of loess tunnel construction,
especially the technique of superhuge tunnel construction under the complicated
given. Key words： loess tunnel
FEM analysis
ground response
construction methods
II
11111
目录
目 录·······························································································································································III 1 绪 论··························································································································································1