牛津高中英语 M6U1 Grammar Overview infinitive,verb-ing and verb-ed导学案

Module 6 Unit 1 Laughter is good for you
Grammar and usage
Learning aims:
Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed
Learning procedures:
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
_____________ is my next goal. 去中国旅游是我的下一个目标。

______________ can enlarge one’s knowledge. 集邮可以扩大知识面。

(不定式表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作；动名词表示一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一个已完成的动作。

)
2. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
I __________ hear from you soon. 我希望尽快收到你的来信。

They all ___________ that name. 他们都避免提及哪个名字。

(有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。

)
注：有些动词后可以跟不定式和动名词，但意义相差很大。

try to do sth. _____________ try doing sth. ______________
regret to do sth. ____________ regret doing sth.______________
forget to do sth.____________ forget doing sth._______________
remember to do sth. ____________ remember doing sth. ____________
mean to do sth. ______________ mean doing sth. _______________
3. 不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别
My part-time job is __________________ in a school. 我的兼职工作是在一家学校教瑜伽。

(表示一定的概念，具有名词性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。

)
My wish is ________________ his summer. 我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。

(表示具体的，个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。

)
The story is very _________. 这个故事很感人。

I was ___________ at this decision. 我对这一决定感到失望。

(现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特性。

)
4. 不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别
The next thing _________ is to encourage Mary to walk on. 下一步要做的事情就是鼓励玛丽继续走下去。

( 不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作或通常发生的动作，一般放在被修饰词后面。

)
a _________ stick (= a stick which is used for walking) 拐杖
a _________ room (= a room which is used for reading) 阅览室
(动名词作定语往往表示某种用途，一般放在被修饰词前面。

)
________ leaves 落叶 a _________ tree 正在倒下的树
a __________ country 发达国家 a __________ country 发展中国家
(现在分词作定语表主动，进行意义，过去分词作定语表被动，完成意义。

)
The question ______________ tomorrow involves pollution. 明天要讨论的问题涉及污染问题。

The question ______________ now involves pollution. 现在正讨论的问题涉及污染问题。

The question ______________ yesterday involves pollution. 昨天讨论的问题涉及污染问题。

( to be dong 即将被做being done 正在被做done 已经做完或只表完成)
5. 不定式和现在分词作补语的区别
I saw him ______________. 我看见他进了大厅。

(进入大厅的过程)
I saw him ___________________. 我看见他正走进大厅。

(正走进大厅的动作)
( 现在分词作补语说明宾语正在进行的动作，而省to的不定式往往表示动作的整个过程。

)
6. 不定式和现在分词作状语的区别
We arrived there __________________. 我们到达时却发现会议已经结束。

The rain lasted a week, _______________. 雨下了一个星期，导致了巨大的损失。

( 不定式作结果状语多表示出乎意料的情况，常跟only 连用，现在分词作结果状语表示一种顺其自然的结果。

)
7. 独立主格结构
______________, we will answer your questions after the discussion. 如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。

________________, we can finish the work. 如果有更多的时间，我们就能完成这项任务。

( 逻辑主语+ 现在分词两者之间是主动关系，逻辑主语+ 过去分词两者之间是被动关系)
8. with / without + 复合宾语结构
___________________, I had to stay outside. 由于地板潮湿，我只得待在屋外。

( with / without + n./pron. +adj.)
___________________, she had to stay at home alone. 因为她的姐姐出去了，她只得独自待在家里。

( with / without + n./pron. +adv.)
_________________________________________________, it really takes time to search for what we need. 因特网上这么多信息，寻找我们需要的信息的确得花费时间。

( with / without + n./pron. +p.p)
_____________________________, I can not spare a minute. 有这么多工作要做，我一分钟也挤不出来。

( with / without + n./pron. +to do )
____________________________________________________, I could n’t settle down to my work. 这么多孩子又说又笑，我无法静下心工作。

( with / without + n./pron. +doing )
__________________________________________________, he didn’t notice when I came in. 所有注意力都集中到这本书上，我进来时他没有注意到。

( with / without + n./pron. +done )
Consolidation
1. There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving
B. solved
C. being solved
D. to be solved
2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ______ it didn’t fit.
A. to find
B. found
C. finding
D. having found
3. The engine just won’t start. Something seems _______ wrong with it.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having done
4. ______ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
A. Spending
B. Spent
C. Having spent
D. To spend
5. He is thought ______ foolishly. Now he was no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A. to act
B. to have acted
C. acting
D. having acted
6. The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______ in one corner.
A. standing
B. to stand
C. stands
D. stood
7. Children, when _______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied
B. to accompany
C. accompanying
D. accompanied
8. If ______ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked
B. to ask
C. asking
D. having asked
9. At first, I didn’t mind being alone, but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures _______ together, and I began feeling sad.
A. being taken
B. having taken
C. to be taken
D. taken
10. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ______ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making
B. to make
C. made
D. being made
11. My daughter stooped screaming immediately and looked up at me with tears ______ down her cheeks.
A. having rolled
B. to roll
C. rolled
D. rolling
12. Chinese citizens, _____ to enter Maldives visa-free last year, have already included the country into their list of the most popular tourist destinations.
A. to be allowed
B. being allowed
C. having allowed
D. having been allowed
13. _______ to the Internet, as many adolescents do, will to some extent have a negative effect on their mental and physical health.
A. Having been addicted
B. Being addicted
C. Addicted
D. To be addicted
14. Which do you enjoy _______ the weekend, going windowshopping with friends or just relaxing yourself at home?
A. spending
B. to spend
C. being spent
D. to be spent
15. —Have you made up your mind ______ the chance to go to France?
—No. I’m practicing ______ the French language.
A. to give up; to learn
B. to give up; learning
C. giving up; to learn
D. giving up; learning
16. _______ directly to the sun in summer will do great harm to our skin.
A. Be exposed
B. Being exposed
C. Exposing
D. Exposed
17. The real secret to successful learning lies in students ______ an interest in what they are doing.
A. to take
B. taking
C. taken
D. having taken
18. I waited for him at the train station for an hour and I was afraid that he may miss the train, but luckily, he showed up with only ten minutes _______.
A. remain
B. to remain
C. remained
D. remaining
19. The new books _______ in the factory these days are mainly intended for children.
A. printing
B. to print
C. being printed
D. to be printed
20. Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way John could imagine _______ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.
A. handling
B. to handle
C. handled
D. having handled
21. _______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
22. —What do you think made Mary so upset?
—________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
23. ______ to his teammate made others cheerful.
A. He apologizing
B. Him apologizing
C. His apologizing
D. He’s apologizing
24. With winter _______ on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
Keys:
to do; to be doing; to have done; to be done; to have been done
doing; having done; being done; having been done
doing; having done; being done; having been done
done
1.To visit China; Collecting stamps
2.hope to; avoided mentioning
尽力做某事；试着做某事；对将要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾；对已发生的事感到遗憾或后悔；
忘记去做某事；忘了已做过某事；记着要做某事；记着做过某事；
打算做某事；意味着做某事
3. teaching/ to teach yoga; to find a part-time job;
moving; disappointed
4.to do; walking; reading; fallen; falling; developed; developing;
to be discussed; being discussed; discussed
5.enter the hall; walking into the hall
6.only to find the meeting over; causing great damage
7.Time permitting; More time given
8.With the floor wet; With her sister out; With so much information on the Internet;
With so much to do; With so many children talking and laughing;
With all his attention fixed on the book
DABCB ADADA DDBBB BBDCB DCCD。