高中英语特殊句式
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4.表语置于句首时 为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分,可将作表语的形容词、分 词、介词短语等置于句首,构成完全倒装形式,即:形容词/现 在分词/过去分词/介词短语+be+主语。 Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。 Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students. 20位老师和30位学生参加了会议。 Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 席地而坐的是一群年轻人。
1.For a moment nothing happened, then ________(come) voices all shouting together. 答案 came [考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then, now, here, there, up等置于句首时,句子要用完全倒装形式。句意:一时 间,什么都没发生,之后大家一起大笑起来。]
1.副词开头要倒装,人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词,“即不……也不”须倒装。 表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装。 such代词做表语,引起主谓要倒装。 Not only开头句,前一分句须倒装。 had, were, should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。
2.(1)only修饰主语时,句子不可以倒装。
两扇窗户之间挂有一张画。 【误】Between the two windows hang a picture. 【正】Between the two windows hangs a picture. 误点:__________________________________
二、部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语 之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种: 1.only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且放在句首时。 Only then did he realize he was wrong. 直到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方式,我们才能学好英语。
2.谓语动词的强调
如果需要强调谓语时,用????? 助动词do, does或did。 Do come this evening. 今晚一定要来。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的确写信给你了。 Tom does study hard now. 现在汤姆学习真的很努力。
3.五个重要的固定句型: (1)“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“前 一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。 He came last night, so did I.他昨晚来了,我也来了。 Lily can’t ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。
Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来,我们才吃晚饭。
(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中,通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动 词原形+as+主语)。 Child as he was, he made a living by himself. 尽管他是个孩子,他却自己谋生。
特殊句式
特殊句式思维流程
知识点一 倒装句
一、完全倒装 谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句,这类句 型主要有四种: 1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语: here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等,置于句首。
强调句型It is(was)后面的人称代词若是从句中的主语, is/was的 后面应当用主格形式。倘若这一人称代词是从句的宾语,则用宾 格形式。 It was him who(whom)I saw yesterday. 我昨天见到的正是他。
Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管很累,他还是继续工作。 Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管很用功,但他考试还是不及格。
People like his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers’ surprise. 人们很喜欢他的小说,因为故事虽然简单,但结局出奇,让读者 吃惊。
【温馨提示】 在“There be”句型中,be动词根据靠近be动词的 名词的单复数来变化。例如: There is a desk and two chairs in the room. There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
Only he can answer the question. 只有他能回答此题。 (2)only位于句首修饰状语从句时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
只有他返回时,我们才查明真相。 【误】Only when did he return we found out the truth. 【正】Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 误点:______________________________________
答案 2.did he realize 3.did he consider
1.not until放在句首时,后面的主句用部分倒装,因为从句是过 去时,因此主句也用一般过去时。
2.as引导从句必须用部分倒装,though引导从句可用也可不用部 分倒装,although引导从句用陈述语序。 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语,不再用冠词。
(3)含有not...until...的强调句型。 其强调句式为: It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that+其他成分。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her. 直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她。
(2)在“so+adj./adv....that...”句型中,如果so+adj./adv.置于句首, 主句用部分倒装,that从句不倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语说得如此清楚,以至于他总能让别人听懂。 (3)在“not only..., but(also)...”句型中,如果not only置于句首, 需将not only引导的句子倒装,但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅帮助人们找工作,而且会向需要的人提供医疗。 (4)当“not until...”置于句首时,until从句的主谓不可倒装, 而只 是主句需要倒装。
It was he that broke the window. 是他打破了窗子。(主语)
It was her that we met at the school gate. 我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. 汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语) (2)强调句型的问句形式。 ①强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你们英语的吗? ②强调句型的特殊疑问句,只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。 Who was it that broke the window?打破窗子的是谁? When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天打电话给我是什么时候?
【温馨提示】 ①如果表示对前面内容的肯定,不使用倒装句式。 —It is hot today.——今天天真热。 —So it is.——的确如此。 ②此句型也可写成It is/was the same with+主语或So it is/was with +主语。 —Tom is clever and he works hard. ——Tom很聪明而且工作努力。 —So it is with Jack. ——Jack也是这样。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的,但他英语说得最好。
知识点二 强调句
1.强调句型 (1)强调句型的结构。 “It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分” 被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是定语或谓语。 所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必须完整。 被强调的部分指人时,用who或that皆可;指事物或情况时,通 常用that。
2.否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时。 Never before have I seen such a moving film. 我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。 At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons. 在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。
1.当句子的主语由人称代词担当时,句子不倒装。 Here itຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduis./Away they went.
2.此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以,such后的be动词应与 其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
这就是他的临终遗言。 【误】Such is his last words. 【正】Such are his last words. 误点:____________________
2.Only when he reached the tea-house ________(realize) it was the same place he’d been in last year.
3.(2012·辽宁,32)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________(consider) having a holiday abroad.
这就是爱因斯坦,一个纯朴的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 3.“There be”句型 be动词可用“stand, live, exist, lie, remain, seem, appear”等来代替,
其形式为:There+谓语+主语。 There stands a tower on the top of the mountain. 山顶有座塔。 There appear some black clouds in the sky. 空中布满乌云。
There goes the bell.铃响了。 On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。
2.such置于句首时 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.