液压四爪单动卡盘设计

泰山学院

本科毕业设计

液压四爪单动卡盘设计

所在学院机械与工程学院

专业名称机械设计及其自动化

申请学士学位所属学科工学

年级 2011级（3+2）

学生姓名、学号张安国 ********** 指导教师姓名、职称季绍琨副教授

完成日期 2013年5月30日

摘要

卡盘是机床上用来夹紧工件的机械装置。它通常安装在车床、外圆磨床和内圆磨床上使用，也可与各种分度装置配合，用于铣床和钻床上。

近年来，随着人们对工作效率越来越高的要求，液压卡盘逐渐取代手动卡盘，得到了广泛的应用；同时，为了满足不同的工件加工要求，如矩形面、圆柱毛坯面等一些不规则面的工件，以及一些夹持面与加工面存在偏心的工件，通常需要采用四爪液压卡盘来加工。液压四爪卡盘相对于其他卡盘，有着装夹迅速，夹持力大，夹持范围广，安全性高，可靠性强等优点。因此，液压四爪卡盘在加工，装夹各种矩形的、不规则的工件时具有非常大的应用空间。

对于普通机床而言,若是进行大批量生产,若工件能够实现自动装夹,将会降

低操作人员的劳动强度,节省时间,提高效率。对于力气较小的操作人员而言，装夹工件不仅费力，还会存在安全隐患。本设计针对四爪卡盘夹紧装置工作效率低，夹紧费力，安全、可靠性低等缺点，改为液压式夹紧，用齿条式活塞液压缸驱动丝杆上的小齿轮，从而带动卡爪夹紧、松开工件，完成装夹目的。

关键词：卡盘，液压，单动，四爪

I

ABSTRACT

Chuck is used for clamping workpieces on machine tool plant. It is usually installed in lathe, grinding machine and grinding machine, also with different indexing device, used for milling and drilling.

In recent years, as people’s work efficiency is higher and higher requirements, hydraulic chuck gradually replace manual chuck, has been widely used; At the same time, to meet the processing requirements of different artifacts, such as rectangular plane, cylindrical blank face some of the irregular surface of the workpiece, as well as some eccentric clamping surface and the machined surface existence of artifacts, usually requires four hydraulic chuck. Hydraulic four jaw chuck relative to other chuck, dress quickly, clamping force, clamping range wide, high safety, reliability, etc. Therefore, hydraulic four jaw chuck in the processing, the clamping of rectangular and irregular workpiece has the very big application space.

For ordinary machine tool, if for mass production, if can realize automatic clamping, the workpiece will reduce the labor intensity of operators, save time, improve efficiency. For the strength to smaller operators, the clamping workpiece effort, not only will pose a safety hazard. This design in view of the four jaw chuck clamping device of low working efficiency, clamping, low security, reliability, defect, hydraulic clamping instead, with the rack piston hydraulic cylinder drive pinion on the screw rod, thus promote jaw clamping, loosen the artifacts, the clamping end.

Key words: Chuck, hydraulic pressure, single acting, efficiency, four claws

II

目录

引言 (1)

1 卡盘 (2)

1.1 卡盘简介 (2)

1.2卡盘分类 (2)

1.2.1 三爪卡盘 (2)

1.2.2 四爪卡盘 (3)

1.2.3 软爪卡盘 (4)

2 液压四爪单动卡盘 (5)

2.1液压四爪单动卡盘优点 (5)

2.2工作原理 (6)

3 机械零件设计与选用 (7)

3.1 标准件的选用 (7)

3.1.1卡盘体的选用 (7)

3.1.2 卡爪的选用 (8)

3.2.丝杆传动的设计与计算 (9)

3.2.1丝杆的尺寸选择 (9)

3.2.2丝杆的强度计算 (14)

3.3丝杆齿轮与活塞齿条的设计与计算 (15)

3.3.1齿轮齿条的概述 (15)

3