一种城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用 111_胡廷兰

胡廷兰,杨志峰,何孟常,等.一种城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(2):269-274

HU Ti nglan,Y ANG Zhi feng,HE M engchang,et al .An urban ecosystem heal th ass ess ment me thod and its applicati on[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25(2):269-274

一种城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用

胡廷兰,杨志峰*

,何孟常,赵彦伟

北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室,北京 100875

摘要:将健康概念引入城市生态系统研究,从复合生态系统角度评价和辨析城市生态环境问题,为生态城市建设提供决策依据极具现实意义.基于城市复合生态系统健康内涵,提出用距离指数和协调指数表征系统发展水平和协调状况,构建整合距离指数和协调指数的城市生态系统健康评价模型,并设定了城市生态系统健康状态的评价标准,建立城市生态系统健康评价指标体系.对宁波的实例分析揭示了宁波城市生态系统健康特征和地域空间分布,表明模型能够很好地辨识城市生态系统的复合特征和地域空间特征,指示城市生态规划和建设的重点行动领域,为城市实施可持续发展战略提供决策依据.

关键词:生态系统健康;评价方法;城市生态系统;宁波

文章编号:0253-2468(2005)02-0269-06 中图分类号:X826 文献标识码:A

An urban ecosystem health assessmen t method and its application

HU Tinglan,YANG Zhifeng,HE Mengchang,Z HAO Yanwei

School of Environ men t,S tate Key Lab oratory of En vi ron men tal Simulation &Poll ution Con trol,Beij ing Normal Uni versity,Beij ing 100875

Abstract :A city i s a comp lex sys te m an d it i s of great i mportance to s tud y the urban ecological p roble mswith comp lex ecos ystem theory.The concept of health was in trod uced in to urban ecose stem research,which cou ld describe the cond itions of system and s ub -systems clearly to provid e u seful informa ti on for d eci sion -makin g of the ec ological ci ty con struction.To express the absoltue an d reletive status of systems and su b -systems,dis tance i ndex and coordin ation in dex w e re su gges ted reli ed on the di scus sing of concept of urban complex ecosystem health.A health assess men t model was es tab lished b y in tegrati ng the dis tan ce inde x wi th the coordin ati on in dex.The city .s status was q uan ti fied w i th a scale of 5grades as very health y,healthy,le ss heal thy,u nhealth y and di seased and the grad e of each level was es -tablis hed.An ind icator s ys te m was d eveloped based on the charac teristics of u rb an complex system.An app licati on of this mod el to Ningb o Ci ty revealed the u rb an ecosystem health state and health he terogen ei ty.Th e resul ts i ndicated that thi s meth od could d istin guish the complex an d spa tial p roperties of u rb an ecosystem.Thu s i t cou ld give the ap propriate direc ti on s of i mple men ti ng the u rb an s ustain ab le development s trategy by sh owin g the key action field s of ecological city plan nin g and con stru cti ng.

K ey words :ecosystem health;assess men t me thod;u rb an ecosystem;Nin gb o ci ty

收稿日期:2004-03-24;修订日期:2004-05-11

基金项目:高等院校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划(2002)

作者简介:胡廷兰(1975)),女,博士生,xueon@;*通讯联系人

1)M c Mullan C.Indicators of Urban Ecos ys tem Health.A paper prepared for the Se minar on CIID -IDRC and urban development i n Latin America,Montevidel,Uruguay.1997.http:P P web.idrc.ca P en P ev -3459-201-1-DO -TOPIC.html

2)Hancock T.Urban Ecos ys te m and Human Health.A paper prepared for the Seminar on CIID -IDRC and urban development in Latin America,M ontevideo,Uruguay.2000.4.http:P P web.idrc.ca P en P ev -8385-201-1-DO -TOPIC.ht ml

生态系统健康是20世纪70年代末从/生态系统医学(ecosystem medicine)0角度提出的新兴生态系

统管理学概念[1,2]

.尽管健康概念最近才开始应用

到景观水平[3,4]

,但由于健康概念对可持续的人类未来的本质刻画[5]

,自20世纪90年代以来,生态系统健康研究受到广泛的关注,日渐成为当今生态学的研究热点.近年来,健康概念被引入城市研究领域,Trudy Harpha m 从城市公共健康角度研究了冈比

亚(Ga mbia)的城市健康状况[6]

,IDRC 项目/人类健

康的生态系统方法0探讨了城市生态系统健康的概念及建立评价指标体系的理论、方法1)2)

,郭秀锐等

采用模糊数学建立了城市生态系统的健康评价模型,并对广州、北京、上海3个城市的总体健康状况进行了分析[7]

.指示物种法、结构功能法、V -O -R (Vigor -Organization -Resilience)等生态系统健康评价方法[8~10]

都是基于自然生态系统特征构建的,由于不能揭示城市复合生态系统亚系统相互作用的特征,这些方法对城市生态系统健康的评价都不适用;

第25卷第2期2005年2月

环 境 科 学 学 报

ACTA SCIENTIAE CIRCUMSTANTIAE

Vol.25,No.2Feb.,2005