语法宝典

语法宝典

名词

1。大小写

专有名词首字母大写。由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加the, 但拼音开头不加the the Great Wall Beihai Park

一年级二班第三册书第四课不加the要大写但是小写要加the

Grade One Class Two Book Three Lesson Four

=the first grade = the second class = the third book = the fourth lesson

2。名词单复数

1)s, x, sh, ch结尾加es 但stomach后加s stomachs

2)五个o结尾es 黑人Nego英雄hero吃番茄tomato土豆potato拌芒果mango

3)辅音加y，去y变ies，元音加y直接加s (但是动词加ing时y无变化直接加ing)

Mary-Marys, Henry – Henrys, Harry- Harrys

4)f变ves 直接加s 有6个roof proof handcuff chef belief safe

5)单复数同形sheep deer Chinese Japanese

* so few sheep/ such little sheep/ such a little sheep/ so little a sheep

There’re little sheep eating grass. There’re few sheep eating grass.

There’re so many fish(es) sold in the market. I eat some fish for lunch.

6)复合名词后一个加s 碰到男人女人两个都要变girl friends women doctors

7)Human German Roman Walkman Discman --s

不可数news information advice fun furniture luggage weather work music equipment progress chalk

只加可数many few a few a large number of several many a a great many

只加不可数much little a little a huge amount of/ huge amounts of a great deal of a large quantity of

两种都能加some any no lots of a lot of plenty of enough

catch one’s eye with one’s own eyes

Make friends with shake hands with sb.

the sports meeting the Olympic Games=the Olympics

do (morning/eye) exercises

t ake notes cut/break into pieces… / in pieces

3。所有格

1)有生命的加’s s后面加’Children’s Day Teachers’ Day the teachers’ office Mother’s Day

2)没有生命的用of

3)国家、城镇、时间、距离等没生命的’s China’s first manned spacecraft

4)加了连词符不加s ten minutes’ walk a ten-minute walk a four-star hotel an 8-year-old daughter a one-eyed cow

5)两人共有后一个加’s 各自两个都要加’s Y u Wen and Yu Jing’s parents Wen’s and Jing’s books

6)店铺、某某人家直接’s at the chemist’s/ the doctor’s/ the dentist’s/ Mr Green’s/ the Greens’

7)冠词、数词、代词不能连用，要用of

我爸爸的两个好朋友two good friends of my father’s = two of my father’s good friends

我的另一只手my other hand his other hand

4。主谓一致

就近原则: or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also…, there be

就远原则: with, together with, along with, as well as Mary, together with her parents, goes to the park every weekend. people/ the police/ clothes are

this kind of books is books of this kind are

a pair of trousers is

ten hours/ twenty miles/ 130 dollars is

three quarters of the earth is three quarters of the students are

学科physics, maths, politics is

the Smiths are

many boys are many a boy is

倒装句Outside the gate stand two big stone lions. Following them were three kangaroos.

代词

1。我你他她它我们你们他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词5*8

2。你他我

3。动词介词后用宾格and前后连接一致

4。some在肯定句中一些、某个疑问句希望得到肯定回答

any 在肯定句中任意一个疑问句中一些

5。no = not a , not any

6。one … the other some… the others one… another… the third/ the other

one … another some… some… others others = other + n. (pl.)

7。I like your pen. I will take it. (强盗行为)

I like your pen. I will buy one. （绅士行为）

8. either, neither, both any, none, all

on either side of the road both sides of the road

9. 反身代词短语：by oneself, teach oneself English, help oneself to some fish, enjoy oneself, see oneself in the mirror, say to oneself, devote oneself to teaching

冠词

1。不定冠词a, an 第一次提到泛指抽象名词具体化 a great help, a pleasure, a nice breakfast

2。定冠词the 第二次提到特指世界上独一无二的序数词最高级江河山脉湖泊群岛前

3. 零冠词一般加了s不加the 头衔前器冠球零

4。go to school /college /university /church /hospital /prison /jail /bed

go to the school

at table at the table

in front of in the front of

take place take the place of

the most beautiful park a most beautiful park

the first student to come have a second try/ have one more try/ have a try again/ have another try

5. an A E F H I L M N O R S X

a 通常usual欧洲Europe大学university校服uniform有用useful

an honest hour

* miss/drop an “m” in the word There is an “x” in the word “excuse”

join us in a one-day trip next weekend an 8-year-old girl

6. by +工具（原形）by bus/underground/hand

数词

1。1~100 基数词序数词

2. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th…21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th…

3. 去去40和9 99th ninety-ninth 44th forty-fourth

4. 分数：基数词/序数词分子〉1，分母加s 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, 2/5

5. in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

6. on October 26, 2008 on October the twenty-sixth/ the twenty-sixth of October, two thousand and eight

7. in the 1980’s/1980s in his thirties/forties/fifties/sixties…in the early sixties

8. on his ninetieth birthday at his eightieth birthday party

9. hundred, thousand, million 要么前面加数词，要么后面加s of

about, over, more than, less than 后面加确切数词