C语言英文课件4：选择结构

Start frame
End frame
I/O frame
operation frame
true
false
condition
distinguishing frame
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connect point
flow line
【example 4.1】algorithm description—traditional flow chart
high
Arithmetic operators
< ,<=, >, >=
low
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==, != Assignment operators
4.2.2 Relational Expression(关系表达式)
1．Concept
Two expressions are connected by a relational operator.
Complex condition like“x>=0”and“x<10”， is expressed by
logical expression
0<=x<10 ×
x>=0 && x<10
4.3.1 Logical Operators and the Precedence
1． Logical Operators and operation rules
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(x<-1) || (x>5) value is false，viz. 0
2．The precedence of logical operators (1) ！ → && → || (2) ！→ arithmetic operators → rational operators → &&→ || → assignment operators 4.3.2 Logical Expression 1．concept a formula,connect one or several relational expressions by logical operators.
（1）logical operators：
&&
and
||
or
!
not
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For example：expressions follow are logical expressions (x>=0) && (x<10) ，(x<1) || (x>5) ，! (x= =0)，
(year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0)||(year%400==0)
Chapter 4 Selective Structure Programming
4.0 Foreword 4.1 Algorithm and Description 4.2 Conditional Operations and Condiyional Expression 4.3 Logical Operations and Logical Expression 4.4 if Statement 4.5 switch Statement 4.6 Examples of Selective Structure Programming
Can show the logical execute process of algorithm better
basic shape of N-S flow chart：
S1 block
S2 block is true
condition P
T
F
S1 block S2 block
while P is true S block
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4.2 Relational Operation and Its
Expression
4.2.1 Relational Operators(关系运算符) and Precedence
1． Relational Operators
< ， <= ， >， >= ， ==, !=
2． Precedence
start
inputweight
true
false
weight≤50
pay=weight*0.35
pay=50*0.35+(weight-50)*0.5
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outputpay
end
2. N-S structural flow chart
Main feature：cancel flow line,adapt to structural programming,
consider：change the value of num1 or num2,the value of the expression will change？
notice：the value of a relational expression,can join in others operations.(why?)
(2)operation rules
1)a&&b：if values of a and b are true,the result is
true,else the result is false.
2)a||b ：if values of a and b are false,the result is
(4)(num1<num2)+num3 value=6
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4.3 Logical Operation(逻辑运算) and Logical Expression(逻辑表达式)
Single condition like “x>=0”，is expressed by relational
expression
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4.0 Foreword
【 ex. 4.1】Compute the cost of baggage carried by train.Input the weight of the baggage, compute the cost. standard of cost： (1) lighter then 50 kg(include 50 kg)， 0.35 yuan/kg (2) weighter then 50 kg，50 kg like (1)，the other excess, 0.50yuan/kg
There isn’t logic data in C
value
“false”—— “0”
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For example：suppose num1=3，num2=4， num3=5，well then：
(1)num1>num2 value=0 (2)(num1>num2)!=num3 value=1 (3)num1<num2<num3 value=1
• describing algorithm：natural language,flow chart,pslanguage
[example 4.1]algorithm description——natural language 1.input weight put value of pay based on weight 3.output value of pay
A figure describs steps of an algorithm with kinds of prescriptive graphic symbols and lines with arrowhead.
symbols of flow chart：
start
I/O
operation
end
(1)sequence (4)until loop
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(2)selective
(3)while loop
S block until P
[example 4.1] algorithm description——N-S flow chart
first level algorithm
read in weight
analysis： not overweight 0.35*weight cost overweight 0.35*50+0.5*(weight-50）
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1、variables：weight，pay，are all real.
2、program list:
main ( )
{ float weight,pay;
(1)logicals
numerical value 1----true, 0----false
(2) numerical value true
logicals 0----false, not 0----
For example：num=12， well then： ！num 0 num>=1 ＆＆ num<=31 1
For example： (year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0)||(year%400==0)
2 ．The value of the logical expression logicals，same as relational expression
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numerical value correspond to logicals：
〈expression〉〈relational operator 〉〈expression〉
For example：expressions follow are legal:
a>b
a+b<c-d
(a=3)<=(b=5)
‘a’>=‘b’
(a>b)= =(b>c)
2．Value of Relational Expression ——logic value “true” —— “1”
comput pay based on weight’s value
Output pay
second level detailed algorithm
T
weight ≤50
F
pay=weight*0.35 pay=50*0.35+(weight-50)*0.5
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[ex. 4.1] Algorithm description—programming language
false,else the result is true.
3) !a ：if the value of a is true ,the result is false,else
the result is true.
For example: suppose x=5，
viz. 1
well then (x>=0) && (x<10) value is true，
4.1 Algorithm and Description
•Algroithm：Some restricted steps are taked inorder to solve a special problem.
•features ：1. Limited(有穷性) 2. facticity(确定性)3. ≥0 input 4. >0 output 5. validity(有效性)
printf(weight= ); scanf(%f , &weight);
if (weight<=50) pay=weight*0.35 ;
else pay=50*0.35+(weight-50)*0.5;
printf( pay=%-7.2f , pay);
}
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basic steps of solving a problem: 0.analysis 1.setting variables 2.design the algorithm 3.writing the program list
Program list：
main ( ) { float weight,pay; printf(weight= ); scanf(%f , &weight); if (weight<=50) pay=weight*0.35 ; else pay=50*0.35+(weight-50)*0.5; printf( y=%-7.2f , pay); }
details of step 2 ： if weight<=50 则 pay=weight*0.35
else 2020/9/29 pay=50*0.35+(weight-50)*0.5
4.1.1 Program Flow Chart 1.traditional flow chart(程序流程图)