中国玉米进口贸易问题及对策分析

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题目：中国玉米进口贸易问题及对策分析院、系：经济与管理学院国际经济与贸易系姓名：XXXX

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中国玉米进口贸易问题及对策分析

摘要

玉米作为重要的粮食作物和工业原料，在粮食作物贸易中有举足轻重的作用。玉米在中国粮食作物产量中排名第二，在全球粮食贸易中贸易量排名稳居第二位。近年来，中国玉米产量、播种面积在整个农作物市场占有比重越来越大，但由于需求增加，供给量不足，中国由玉米由净出口国转为净进口国，且进口量逐年上升。玉米贸易直接关系到中国的粮食安全问题，玉米进口贸易成为人们关注的热点之一。

从近些年玉米贸易数据出发，本文分析了玉米的国内市场现状和进口贸易情况，虽然近年来播种面积稳步上升，但由于生产成本高、品质较差、消费量增加导致进口激增、进口依存度增加。接着分析了进口贸易出现的一系列问题，进口地来源单一、国内供需不平衡、生产成本过高和玉米安全等问题。

最后，本文也给出了一系列解决玉米贸易问题的方案。重视生产技术以提升单产量，加强对农民种植玉米的专业培训，加强管理水平。通过将散户集中规模种植以降低生产成本，进行机械化、标准化操作，提升玉米种植的经济效益。并且以政策调控稳定玉米价格，关注国际市场价格变动，合理配置资源，鼓励市场参与收购，培育多元化的收购主体，建立市场化收购制度。扩大中国玉米的国际竞争力，培育优质品种。在资金上支持玉米产业，分散进口来源国，降低潜在风险。

关键词玉米；进口贸易；风险；对策

Analysis on Problems and Countermeasures of

China’s Corn Import Trade

Abstract

Corn, as an important food crop and industrial raw material, plays an important role in food crop trade. corn ranks second in China's grain crop yield and second in the global food trade. In recent years, China's corn yield and planting area in the whole crop proportion bigger and bigger, but due to increased demand, supply shortage, made from corn in China from a net exporter to a net importer, and imports rise year by year. The corn trade is directly related to China's food security, and the corn import trade has become one of the hot spots.

From corn trade data in recent years, this paper analyzes the present situation of the domestic market and import corn trade situation, although in recent years the area sown to rise steadily, but due to high production cost, poor quality, increased consumption will increase surge in imports, import dependency. Then it analyzes a series of problems in import trade, such as single source of import land, unbalanced domestic supply and demand, high production cost and corn security.

Finally, this paper also gives a series of solutions to the problem of corn trade. We will attach importance to production technology to improve the yield per unit, strengthen the professional training and management of farmers in corn planting. The economic benefits of corn planting can be improved through the centralized planting of retail investors to reduce production costs, carry out mechanized and standardized operations. And corn prices policy stability, pay attention to the international market price changes, the rational allocation of

resources, and encourage market participation, foster the subject of diversified acquisitions, establish a market-oriented system. Expand the international competitiveness of China's corn, cultivate high-quality varieties. We will support the corn industry financially, diversify the source countries of imports and reduce potential risks.

Keywords Corn,Import Trade,Risk,Countermeasures