学术综合英语_罗立胜 U

Part A Part B
Pre-li源自文库tening
Background Information
Listening
New Words and Expressions
booming trade immigrant link together turnpike fee vehicle
兴旺的贸易 外来移民 连接起来 收费路 费 车辆，机动车
Part A Part B
toll bridges: a bridge over which traffic may pass upon payment of a toll, or fee
Part A Part B
fuel tax: (also known as a petrol, gasoline or gas tax, or as a fuel duty) an excise tax imposed on the sale of fuel
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Task 1 Listen and Take Notes
Listening
Task 2 Listen for Details
Listen to the lecture and try to get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes. 1.The lecture is mainly about ___________________________ the relationship between _____________________________________________ road building and economic development . grain and 2. The two important agricultural products are _______ _______ cotton . 3. In the East they ____________ grew grain . In the South they _____________ grew cotton . ____________ . 4. Advantages of roads: _____ fast and convenient 5. Purpose for road building: to _______________________________ transport grain and cotton
Unit 1 Presenting a Speech
2012
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Background Information
Listening
New Words and Expressions
Toll Road A toll road (or tollway, turnpike, pike, toll highway or an express toll route) is a privately or publicly built road for which a driver pays a toll (a fee) for use. Structures for which tolls are charged include toll bridges and toll tunnels. Non-toll roads are financed using other sources of revenue, most typically fuel tax or general tax funds. The building or facility in which a toll is collected may be called a toll booth, toll
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Background Information
Listening
New Words and Expressions
2. Collection costs can absorb up to one-third of revenues, and revenue theft is considered to be comparatively easy. 3. Where the tolled roads are less congested than the parallel “free” roads, the traffic diversion resulting from the tolls increases congestion on the road system and reduces its usefulness.
Part A Part B
Pre-listening
Background Information
Listening
New Words and Expressions
plaza, toll station, toll bar or toll gate. This building is usually found on either side of a bridge and at exits. Three systems of toll roads exist: open (with mainline barrier toll plazas); closed (with entry / exit tolls) and all-electronic toll collection (no toll booths, only electronic toll collection gantries at entrances and exits, or at strategic locations on the mainline of the road). Toll roads have been criticized as being inefficient in three ways: 1. They require vehicles to stop or slow down, manual toll collection wastes time and raises vehicle operating costs.