氧化锌避雷器运行状况的研究

氧化锌避雷器运行状况的研究

摘要

避雷器是一种能吸收过电压能量、限制过电压幅值的保护设备。使用时将避雷器安装在被保护设备附近，与被保护设备并联。在正常情况避雷器不动作（仅流过微安级的泄漏电流）；当作用在避雷器上的电压达到避雷器的动作电压时，避雷器导通，通过大电流，吸收过电压能量，并将过电压限制在一定水平，以保护设备的绝缘。在释放过电压能量后，避雷器会自动恢复到不导通的正常工作状态。

避雷器的发展经过了多次换代，目前氧化锌避雷器是应用最为广的避雷器。

氧化锌避雷器分为有间隙和无间隙两种，有间隙避雷器的基本元件是火花间隙和氧化锌非线性电阻片。这些元件串联叠装在密封的绝缘材料外套内。无间隙避雷器的基本元件则只有阀片，它的材料主要是氧化锌和其他金属氧化物。其分类方式主要从电压等级、标称放电电流、用途、外套材料分、结构性能等方面分类。

文章首先介绍了避雷器的发展，氧化锌避雷器与碳化硅避雷器的性能比较，然后介绍了氧化锌避雷器的结构和工作原理及分类情况。

文章中研究分析了电站型氧化锌避雷器的运行情况，介绍了线路型氧化锌避雷器的原理结构特征，总结了两种避雷器的检测和安装方法及注意事项。

对电站型氧化锌避雷器，常规停电测试已经不能保证其健康运行，本

文通过对一起氧化锌避雷器劣化事件及一起爆炸事件的分析，得出了氧化锌避雷器制造、选型、检测时应注意的问题。

为检测MOA的性能，分析了MOA的非线性特性，论证了MOA的受潮和阀片的老化等变化能反映在阻性电流及其三次谐波上，得出了阻性电流及其三次谐波峰值的变化可以作为判断MOA性能好坏的指标；并分析了用谐波分析法计算阻性电流的基本原理，采用ICA对MOA进行监测仿真。结果表明，该方法可适用于MOA的监测，判断其电气性能的优劣。

关键词：氧化锌避雷器、原理、阻性电流、独立成分分析法。

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Abstract

Lightning arrester is a kind of absorbing energy, limit over-voltage

over-voltage protection equipment amplitude. When using will be protected equipment installed in the lightning protection equipment, and was near the parallel. In normal circumstances arrestor (not only through microamps of leakage current), When the voltage in lightning arrester action to voltage, through the lightning current and voltage absorb energy will be limited in certain level, overvoltage protection equipment in the insulation. After the release of energy in the lightning overvoltage, will be restored to normal conduction not working condition.

The development of The Times by lightning arrester is upgrading, currently the most widely used zinc of lightning.

Lightning overvoltage zinc as electrical equipment, its performance

protection device of related to electrical equipment whether the safe operation of normal. Therefore the operation condition of zinc oxide arrester is crucial.

Zno arrester is divided into two clearances and no gap, gap arrester element is the basic spark gap and zinc oxide non-linear resistors. These elements in the series of sealing coat inside insulation material. The basic elements of lightning non-clearane valves only, it is the main materials and other metal oxide. The classification of nominal voltage level, mainly from discharge current, use material, structure, performance, etc.

This article first introduces lightning arrester and zinc, the development of silicon carbide arrester, then introduces the zinc oxide structure and working principle of lightning and classification.

This type of research and analysis of the power operation, zinc lightning arrester introduced the principle of zno type circuit structure, summarizes the detection and two arrester installation method and the matters needing attention.

Type of hydropower station, the conventional electricity zno arrester can guarantee the health test has been running, based on zno arrester degradation events and bombing analysis, zinc oxide, selection, lightning when problems should be paid attention to.

For the detection of performance, analyzed the MOA nonlinear characteristics, the MOA demonstrated the MOA and the damp valves can