独立主格结构语法

Here came the headmaster.
部分倒装 (partial inversion) 助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词
Nerve will I forgive you.
Read, change the order and discover the rule
1. There lived a girl called A Qiao long ago. ______________________________________ A girl called A Qiao lived there long ago.
2. Here comes your husband. ________________________ Your husband comes here.
The children rushed out. 3. Out rushed the children. __________________________
(2). 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于 句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词, 就不用倒装。如: In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy. 2) There ________. And here ________. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she
4) Only in this way ____ make progress in your English. A. you B. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to 5) Only when the meeting was over___ go back to meet his friend. A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he
②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句 而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it ． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里
• May you succeed! • Long live the People’s Republic of China!
巧记倒装句
在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句） 中，到底应在何处倒装，下面的顺 口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结 构形式。 NB前倒后不①， O，NU主倒从不倒②， 2N前倒后也倒③， NM前后均不倒④。
• ①NB代表Not only…，but also…引 导的并列句。 not only位于句首时， 所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的 分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不 倒”。如： • 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy． • 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．
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3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如: I saw the film, so did she. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 6) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and ____. A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so 7) So loudly _____ that ____ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could
3.做表语的形容词，分词或介词短语位于句首 时。如: Present at the meeting were some important figures. Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me. 6) ________, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein 7) ________ are the days when teachers were looked down upon. A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going
（三）“with/ without”引导的独立主格结构 “介词with/without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独 立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作 定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构 中都能体现，即： 形容词 副词 with/without + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
The names of whose ……are written on the blackboard. ______________________________________________
7. Go are the days when we used the foreign oil.
_______________________________________________ The days when we used the foreign oil are gone.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动 词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词, 要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把 原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。
2. only + 状语短语或状语从句放在句首, 要部分倒装。如: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开 头的句子里。 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus. Now comes your turn. 如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes.
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
倒装句
inversions
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后
（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前 （谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓 语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动 词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
基本语序（natural order）： 主语+谓语+宾语 （subject + predicate+ object） I love English. 完全倒装 (full inversion) 谓语+主语
复习 独立主格结构有三种类型：
非谓语动词独立主格结构
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词 （不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
无动词独立主格结构
2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短
语)
3. with/without + 复合宾语 [宾语+宾语补足语]
（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）
The leaders of the school are sitting in the front. ______________________________________________
6. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.
3) Out ________, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
4) ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped
4. In the front of the classroom sits a professor.
A professor sits in front of the classroom. ______________________________________________
5. Sitting in the front are the leaders of the school.
(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 5) Near the church ________ cottage. A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old
一、完全倒装
1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用 来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。如:
There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question. 巩固练习: 1) ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at