四级听力辅导9
这类短文主要是对社会中存在的某些现象，和某些问题进行揭示、剖析和研究，涉及社会政治、经济、家庭、犯罪、环境、公共交通等方面的内容，并对这些问题做出一种主观的评论，多以议论文为主。
比如：2003年12月的四级考试的第一篇短文就讲述了当今社会的人们不再象过去那样注重文明礼貌的现象，2000年6月第二篇短文讲述了如何制止滥用毒品这一社会问题，而2000年1月的第一篇讲述了战争造成的环境污染问题。
由于这类短文的选材一般是比较热门的话题。考生在平时生活中或多或少都通过各种媒体或途径有所接触，只是不同的人对这些现象与问题的看法不同，因此论述的角度和观点就千差万别。做这类题时，考生切忌以自己的观点或平时听到的别人的观点答题，而应以这些观点为基础和比较对象，去理解作者的看法，以听到的录音内容为基础进行答题。
这类短文设置的问题以主旨大意题和造成某个社会现象或问题的原因类题为主。由于这类文章通常有主题句，且主题句常为短文的首句或尾句。所以考生切记第一时间进入状态，集中注意听清文章的开篇及结尾部分。对于原因类题，一般在短文中都能直接提及，所以在预读选项，预测问题的基础上带着问题去听，听到什么选什么能大大降低答题的难度。
请看2003年12月CET-4的第一篇短文：
11. A) The art of saying thank you. B) The secret of staying pretty.
C) The importance of good manners. D) The difference between elegance and good manners.
12. A) They were nicer and gentler.
B) They paid more attention to their appearance.
C) They were willing to spend more money on clothes.
D) They were more aware of changes in fashion.
13. A) By decorating our homes. B) By wearing fashionable clothes.
C) By being kind and generous. D) By putting on a little make-up.
[解题思路]
(1) 主旨预测
花几秒种的时间浏览3题12个选项，迅速找出相互关联的几个高频词：good manners, appearance, fashionable, generous, nice, pretty。从而作出初步概括，短文中可能会涉及文明礼貌及仪表美等方面的内容。
(2) 分测各题
第11题四选项是四个名词短语，又是本篇短文的第一题，很可能是测试文章的主旨大意。选项C和D中反复出现了good manners，具有关键词的特征。所以听时注意文章的开篇和结束部分，重点在辨别短文的主旨。
第12题，竖读后发现四个选项主语一致，均以they开头，且都是用的一般过去时，都用到了比较极形式，但均未明确出现被比较的对象，但常识告诉我们比较的对象无非是过去和现在两种不同情况。再看中心词nicer and gentler, appearance, clothes, fashion，虽各不相同，但通过归纳概括可以发现选项A与众不同，描述的是行为举止方面等内在气质的胜出，而其他选项的中心词则同属一个范畴，都是围绕对衣着打扮等外在仪容的表述。由此可推测出这一题是就过去的某些人的内在气质或外在特征较之当前的情况有何区别来设置问题。
第13题，各选项结构一致，均以By开头，后接动名词短语，此题必是考察方式方法。与前两题结合起来分析，选项A是美化家居的方法，B和D是使人仪表增辉的方式，而选项C是使人更具内秀的方法。所以这个问题可能会问采取何种方法能使人们的形象更佳。
[关键词提示] good manners, generous, nice, gentle
[听力原文]
Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer and gentler with each other? I certainly do. And I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. Too often I see people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, or never saying “thank you” when others hold a door open for them. We get lazy and in our laziness, we think that something, like a simple “thank you” doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much.
The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress or how beautifully we decorate our homes, we can’t be truly elega nt without good manners because elegance and good manners always go hand in hand. In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? It’s funny how that happens. But it does. Take the long-lost art of saying “thank you”. Like wearing a little makeup or making sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “thank you” can make you feel better about yourselves. Good manners add to your i mage while an angry face makes the best dressed person look ugly.
11.What is the passage mainly about?
12.What does the speaker say about people of the past?
13.According to the speaker, how can we best improve image?
[参考答案]11. C 12. A 13. C
[技巧点拨]
这类关于现象与问题的短文通常都按问题解决型修辞模式展开：首先说明情况，然后提出问题，接着分析问题，最后提出解决问题的意见或办法(问题也可能没有解决或没有完全解决)，有时还会给予适当的评价。即文章开头先描述一种现象，提出一个热点问题或陈述某种观点；短文第二部分分析原因，列举事实，或介绍各种观点；文章的结尾提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动，有时还会对已采取的或将要采取的措施加以评论。了解这类文章的结构有助于把握短文脉络，分清文中的客观事实和主观观点。特别是短文的最后几句话（即结尾部分）十分重要，经常是文章内容的总结或转折，所以成为考点的可能性相当大。比如，上文的最后一题，问我们如何使自己的
形象添彩，即使考生没听到文章中“Hav en’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? It’s funny how that happens. But it does.”这几句话，只要抓住了文章的最后一句话，就能轻松确定答案为选项B。
另外，考生平时应有意识地关注各种媒体上常提到的热点问题。因为如果考生对材料的内容或类似的内容较熟悉，就能很容易地理解短文的具体内容，大大提高答题的正确率。
这类短文一般是以通俗易懂的语言，介绍自然科学领域里的新发明、新发现、新技术及其应用，其内容涉及信息技术、天文地理、航空航天、生物技术、工业生产等方面。也可以是关于对某种事物的一种实验、研究，或某种事物的历史演变与来源。近年来，有关健康生活的短文常常在四级听力中露脸。
这类短文一般采用的是说明文的文体，顺序的写作手法，条理清楚、层次分明、结构严谨。由于介绍的是有关科学方面的内容，专业性较强，而且往往是考生比较陌生的领域，或很少注意的话题，因此就文章本身的内容而言，是最难听懂的一种短文。而这类短文的句子结构较为复杂，用词准确，有时还会使用一些专业术语，无疑也增加了听的难度。考生往往在听这类短文时由于跟不上文章的思路或把握不了具体的细节而容易走神。其实，对于难懂的文章，题目一般较为简单，较多细节题，往往只需要考生在听的同时从选项中找出相应的内容就可以了，不需过多的归纳推理。因此，手、眼、耳结合是关键。此外，由于文章结构严谨，第一段涉及一个具体的方面，段首和段尾常是段落的主题句，成为题解的概率也相当高。对于不懂的术语，如果上下文中没有出现有关线索帮助推测其词意，应果断放弃，不要因为一些无关紧要的细节影响了关键信息的把握，毕竟这类短文中绝大多数的信息对于考生答题来说都是多余的。而关键信息出现在承上启下，表明上下文逻辑关系的信息词后的概率非常高，考生在听的过程中需对这类信息词尤为敏感，从而捕获有用信息，正确作答。
比如：2002年6月的四级考试的第二和第三篇短文分别是介绍的三种鸟筑巢的特点以及树的年轮对于科学家考察太阳风暴活动的模式所具有的特殊意义。2001年1月第三篇短文介绍了造成车祸的原因及相应的防范措施。
请看2005年12月CET-4的第一篇短文：
11. A) It has been proven to be the best pain-killer.
B) It is a possible cure for heart disease.
C) It can help lower high body temperature effectively.
D) It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.
12. A) It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.
B) It speeds up their recovery after surgery.
C) It increase the blood flow to the heart.
D) It adjusts their blood pressure.
13. A) It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.
B) It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.
C) It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.
D) It should not be given to patients immediately after the operation.
[解题思路]
(1) 主旨预测
花几秒种的时间浏览3题12个选项，选项都为以it为主语的短句，提供的信息相对较多。迅速找出几个相互关联的高频词或关键词：heart disease, heart surgery patients, cure, recovery, blood vessels, blood pressure, stomach bleeding, operation, doses。从而推测出短文中可能会介绍某种药物对于心脏病或高血压手术患者的作用或疗效。
(2) 分测各题
第11题四选项均是以it为主语的短句，又是本篇短文的第一题，很可能是测试文章的主旨大意，询问某种药物的作用或疗效。
第12题四选项均又是以it为主语的短句，且都用了一般现在时，而且A，C，D三个选项中分别出现了三个与blood相关的词组blood vessels, blood flow和blood pressure，由此可推测出这一题是就这种药物对于病人在血液方面的疾患有何帮助，听的时候可以着重辨别哪一个是短文中提到的内容。
第13题，依然是以it为主语的四个短句，B，D两个选项的谓语均用到了否定式和被动语态should not be (done)，A，C两个选项虽然用的是肯定句(It is harmful to…及It will have considerable side effects)，但表达的同样是负面的意义，通过分析可以推测出这道题会就这种药物的副作用或是用药禁忌来设问。
[关键词提示] heart surgery, blood vessels, operation
[听力原文]
A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10~15 percent of these heart operation end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows than even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.
11. What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?
12. In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?
13. What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?
[参考答案]11. D 12. A 13. A
这篇科普短文篇幅适中，但因涉及的是医药类的内容，生词较多，对考生在听的过程中理解信息造成了障碍。听力理解中内容较难的短文，设题多遵循在段首、段尾的主题句及信息提示词后设问的规律，且问题往往为细节题，所以有时即使没听懂文章的内容，但抓住这种规律，捕获首尾句中及信息提示词后的关键词（通常是听到什么选什么），也能找到正确答案。比如，本文的第一句即主题句，第11小题也是针对短文的段首句提问，听到“greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart”这句话后，马上就能综合出reduce, problems, operation, heart 等几个词表达是选项D所表明的信息，所以可以在该选项旁作上记号。而听到“The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because…”和“However, the doctors warned that…”两句话时，则应对because和however两个信息提示词后的信息重点关注，而第12和13题的答案也正在其中。第12题选项A的“It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.”与because后听到的“prevent … blood vessels from being blocked”如出一辙，而第13小题的选项A提到的“patients with stomach bleeding”也与听到的“people who have stomach bleeding”相符，所以根据听到什么选什么的原则，就能选出正确答案。
又如2005年12月CET-4的第三篇短文：
17. A) They wanted to follow his example.
B) They fully supported his undertaking.
C) They were puzzled by his decision.
D) They were afraid he wasn’t fully prepared.
18. A) It is more exciting than space travel.
B) It is much cheaper than space travel.
C) It is much safer than space travel.
D) It is less time-consuming than space travel.
19. A) They both attract scientists’ attention
B) They can both be quite challenging
C) They are both thought-provoking.
D) They may both lead to surprising findings.
20. A) To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be.
B) To provide an excuse for his changeable character.
C) To explore the philosophical issues of space travel.
D) To explain why he took up underwater exploration.
[解题思路]
(1) 主旨预测
全文相关的16个选项开头都非常有规律，第17题和第19题都是以They开头的句子，第18题是以It开头的四个含比较级的句子，而第20题是以To开头的目的状语。在这些选项中频率最高的词非space travel莫属，而且它是作为一个被比较对象出现的，由此可以初步判断将要听到一篇关于人物对space travel的兴趣发生变化的文章，结合diving及water exploration，多半会讲述他比较space travel及water diving/exploration之后所形成的观点及兴趣问题。
第17题，四选项均以They开头，且四选项谓语均为对he（文章中的某个人，可能是作者本人）的某种行为所持的一种评价或态度，所以此处的They指代的对象应该是人。
由此可猜测这个问题可能是问：文章的主人公干了某件事或作出了某个决定后，旁人对此有何反应。又是本篇文章的第一题，它们提醒考生要注意短文开头的某个有关他人观点态度的细节。
第18题，四个以It开头的四个含比较级的句子，被比较对象相同都是space travel，可在四个形容词下划线，在听的时间就一定要注意某项工作或研究与space travel相比较的究竟有何不同之处。
第19题，四选项同第17题的主语一样，均以They开头，但此They非彼They，结合上一小题看，此处所指代的应是与上一小题中space travel相比较的另一种工作或研究。
此外各选项都有both一词，与上题衔接，应该是描述两者的相同（似）之处。
第20题，四选项均为以To开头的目的状语，又是短文的最后一小题，是概括文章主旨的可能性很大。多半会问作者说这番话的目的是什么。
[关键词提示] space travel, diving, underwater exploration
[听力原文]
When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I’d like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars.
My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.
17. How did the speaker’s friends respond to his change of interest?
18. What is one of the reasons for the speaker to switch his interest to underwater exploration?
19. In what way does the speaker think diving is similar to space travel?
20. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this talk?
[参考答案]17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D
[技巧点拨]
这篇短文以作者自述的形式解释说明了他本兴趣转变的几条理由。文章篇幅较长，多为细节题，只有最后一个小题需综观整体文章内容，然后推断出答案，此题的难度也最大。设题的方式依然遵循了段首句原则，信号词原则（The first excuse）。要求考生抓住一些相关“提示”句型，如有过渡词引导的句子，以及短文中的列举信息等。由于文章中没出现什么生词，内容相对较易理解，所以问题设置相对较难。对于短文的听力，特别是细节题正解大多为听到什么关键词与某个选项中的一致即是正确答案。但本文的三个细节题的正确选项均设计为了同义替换项或此话彼说项，如cause confusion与were puzzled，economic与cheaper，equally hostile与chanllenging。对于这类文章，细节纷繁复杂，如何有效地把握一些“有用’的细节是关键。所谓有用，即是能帮助选择答案的信息。这就要求我们在听音前能够要比较准确地预测问题，然后再有的放矢地听，并在相应的选项旁作上记号，毕竟再好的记性也不可能“过耳不忘”。
此类独白是近两次出现的新形式，在托福考试中有此固定题型（monologue），俗称段子题，它更多地会以授课（lecture）形式出现，因为涉及各类课程内容的考核，更与考生实际相结合，很符合改革目的和宗旨。
英语专业四级听力及其答案
2008年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. When is Anne available for the meeting? A. The third week of May. B. The third week of June. C. The eleventh of June. D. The eleventh of May. 2. Their meeting will probably take place in A. London. B. Toronto. C. Mexico City. D. Chicago. 3. When is Eric calling back? A. Thursday afternoon. B. Friday afternoon. C. Thursday morning.
D. Friday morning. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4. According to the woman, advertisements A. let us know the best product. B. give us sufficient information. C. fail to convince people. D. give misleading information. 5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid A. by manufacturers. B. by customers. C. by advertisers. D. by all of them. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?. A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising. B. The woman appears to know more about advertising. C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising. D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,
四级听力辅导详细计划
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commitment 承诺；承担的义务responsibility 责任 saving 储蓄 use up 用完 regret 遗憾；后悔professional 专业的 standard 标准的；标准affectionate 慈爱的；充满深情的cooperative 合作的 frank 坦白的；直率的 seek 寻求（过去式：sought）make full use of 充分利用community 社区 facility 设施 elderly 年迈的 relative 亲属 likely 有可能的 in contrast 相比之下dependent 依靠的；不独立的 as long as 只要 in order to 为了 appreciate 感激；欣赏satisfying 令人满意的consideration 考虑 state 陈述 safety 安全 right 权利 complaint 抱怨 conflict 冲突 out-dated 过时的equipment 设备 welfare 福利 regulation 规则compensation 补偿request 要求 quit 辞职 unborn 未出生的 union 工会；联盟representative 代表media 媒体 protest 抗议 inform 通知；告知coworker 同事=colleague
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