四级3
2023年12月英语四级真题及答案(第3套)
Part2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第3套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on a campus event that has impressed them most.You are now to write an essay for submission.You will have30 minutes to write the essay.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) 提示：2023年12月四级全国只考两套听力，本套听力内容与第一二套相同，故本套未重复显示。
Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When people set out to improve their health,they usually take a familiar path:starting a healthy diet, getting better sleep,and doing regular exercise.Each of these behaviors is important,of course,but they all 26 on physical health—and a growing body of research suggests that social health is just as,if not more, important to27 well-being.One recent study published in the journal PLOS ONE,for example,found that the strength of a person’s social circle was a better28 of self-reported stress,happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data on physical activity,heart rate and sleep.That finding suggests that the“ 29 self”represented by endless amounts of health data doesn’t tell the whole30 .There’s also a qualified self,which is who I am,what are my activities,my social network,and all of these aspects are not31 in any of these measurements.This idea is supported by plenty of32 research.Studies have shown that social support—whether it comes from friends,family members or a spouse—is33 associated with better mental and physical health.A rich social life,these studies suggest,can lower stress levels,improve mood,encourage positive health behaviors and discourage damaging ones,boost heart health and improve illness34 rates.Social isolation,meanwhile,is linked to higher rates of physical diseases and mental health conditions. It’s a significant problem,35 since loneliness is emerging as a widespread public health problem in many countries.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Teenagers and social networkingA.As a parent of two boys at primary school,I worry about the issues associated with teenagers and socialmedia.Newspapers are constantly filled with frightening accounts of drug addiction and aggressive behaviour supposedly caused by violent videogames.But even when these accounts touch on real concerns, they do not really reflect the great mass of everyday teenage social behaviour:the online chat,the texting, the surfing,and the emergence of a new teenage sphere that is conducted digitally.B.New technologies always provoke generational panic,which usually has more to do with adult fears thanwith the lives of teenagers.In the1930s,parents worried that radio was gaining“an irresistible hold of their children”.In the80s,the great danger was the Sony Walkman(随身听).When you look at today’s digital activity,the facts are much more positive than you might expect.”C.Indeed,social scientists who study young people have found that their digital use can be inventive andeven beneficial.This is true not just in terms of their social lives,but their education too.So if you use a ton of social media,do you become unable,or unwilling,to engage in face-to-face contact?The evidence suggests not.Research by Amanda Lenhart of the Pew Research Centre,a U.S.think tank,found that the most passionate texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person.One form of socialising doesn’t replace the other.It expands it.D.“Kids still spend time face to face,”Lenhart says.Indeed,as they get older and are given more freedom,they often ease up on social networking.Early on,the web is their“third space”,but by the late teens,it’s replaced in reaction to greater independence.They have to be on Facebook,to know what’s going on among friends and family,but they are ambivalent(有矛盾心理的)about it,says Rebecca Eynon,a research fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute,who has interviewed about200British teenagers over three years.As they gain experience with living online,they begin to adjust their behaviour,struggling with new communication skills,as they do in the real world.E.Parents are wrong to worry that kids don’t care about privacy.In fact,they spend hours changingFacebook settings or using quick-delete sharing tools,such as Snapchat,to minimise their traces.Or they post a photograph on Instagram,have a pleasant conversation with friends and then delete it so that no traces remain.F.This is not to say that kids always use good judgment.Like everyone else,they make mistakes—sometimes serious ones.But working out how to behave online is a new social skill.While there’s plenty of drama and messiness online,it is not,for most teens,a cycle of non-stop abuse:a Pew study found only 15%of teens said someone had bullied them online in the last12months.G.But surely all this short-form writing is affecting literacy?Certainly,teachers worry.They say that kids useoverly casual language and text-speak in writing,and don’t have as much patience for long reading and complex arguments.Yet studies of first-year college papers suggest these anxieties may be partly based on misguided nostalgia(怀旧).When Stanford University scholar Andrea Lunsford gathered data on the rates of errors in“freshman composition”papers going back to1917,she found that they were virtuallyidentical to today.H.But even as error rates stayed stable,student essays have blossomed in size and complexity.They are nowsix times longer and,unlike older“what I did this summer”essays,they offer arguments supported by evidence.Why?Computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather information,sample different points of view and write more fluidly.I.When linguist Naomi Baron studied students’instant messaging even there she found surprisingly rareusage of short forms such as“u”for“you”,and as students got older,they began to write in more grammatical sentences.That is because they want to appear more adult,and they know how adults are expected to write.Clearly,teaching teens formal writing is still crucial,but texting probably isn’t destroying their ability to learn it.J.It is probably true that fewer kids are heavy readers compared with two generations ago,when cheap paperbacks boosted rates of reading.But even back then,a minority of people—perhaps20%—were lifelong heavy readers,and it was cable TV,not the internet,that struck a blow at that culture in the1980s.Still,15%or more of kids are found to be deeply bookish.In fact,the online world offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their friends,but to the world.And it turns out that when they write for strangers,their sense of“authentic audience”makes them work harder,push themselves further,and create powerful new communicative forms.K.Few would deny that too much time online can be harmful.Some of the dangers are emotional:hurting someone from a distance is not the same as hurting them face to face.If we’re lucky,the legal environment will change to make teenagers’online lives less likely to haunt them later on.Just last week, California passed a law allowing minors to demand that internet firms erase their digital past and the EU has considered similar legislation.L.Distraction is also a serious issue.When kids switch from chat to music to homework,they are indeed likely to have trouble doing each task well.And studies show that pupils don’t fact-check information online—“smart searching”is a skill schools need to teach urgently.It’s also true that too much social networking and game playing can cut into schoolwork and sleep.This is precisely why parents still need to set firm boundaries around it,as with any other distraction.M.So what’s the best way to cope?The same boring old advice that applies to everything in parenting: moderation.Rebecca Eynon argues that it’s key to model good behaviour.Parents who stare non-stop at their phones and don’t read books are likely to breed kids who will do the same.As ever,we ought to be careful about our own behaviour.36.Research has found the use of digital technology benefits not only teenagers’social lives but also theirstudies.37.It is urgent that schools teach kids how to verify online information.38.Students now write longer and more complex essays than their counterparts in previous decades while theerror rates remain unchanged.39.Newspaper reports of teenagers give a false picture of their behaviour.40.Parents are advised to mind their own digital behaviour and set a good example for their kids.41.Contrary to parents’belief,kids try hard to leave as few traces as possible on the web.42.Students’ability to learn formal writing is unlikely to be affected by texting.43.Historically,new technologies have always caused great fears among parents.44.The reading culture was seriously affected by cable television some four decades ago.45.Teachers say that kids’writing is too casual,using language characteristic of text messages.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.In the history of horse racing,few horses have captured the affection of the British public like Red Rum. Today,three decades after his retirement,he is still one of the best-known and most beloved racehorses of all time.Red Rum was passed around to several owners before being purchased for Noel Le Mar.The agent who made the purchase was the now-legendary horse trainer Donald“Ginger”McCain.It wasn’t apparent at the time,but Red Rum had a serious bone disease in his foot.For many horses(and many trainers)this would mean the end of a racing career before it even began.For Ginger and Red Rum, though,it was just an obstacle to greatness that had to be overcome.Red Rum’s true talent came out in steeplechases(障碍赛马).His power,speed and jumping ability carried him to his first Grand National title in1973.The very next year,Red Rum returned to take his second title.He was the first horse to take successive firsts since Reynoldstown in1935-1936.Red Rum’s spirit and grace had already begun to charm the leagues of Grand National fans.In the following two years,Red Rum lost out on the title,coming in second both times.When he returned in1977to try again,he was largely regarded as past his prime.He was12years old and not expected to place highly.He surprised sporting fans around the world when he came in a remarkable25lengths ahead of the nearest horse,taking his third Grand National win.To this day,Red Rum’s third win is known as one of the greatest moments in horse racing history.Red Rum was headed for the Grand National once again in1978but suffered an injury in one of his heels shortly before the race.He was retired soon after,but his public life and fame by no means decreased with the end of his career.Red Rum traveled all over the country for various engagements.He often led pre-race parades at Aintree Racecourse and was a popular guest at charity benefits and public events.46.What do we learn from the passage about Red Rum the racehorse?A.He captured public affection long before he won national titles.B.He won enormous fame and love from British people.C.He became a myth three decades after his retirement.D.He owed his great success to several well-known horse trainers.47.What did the serious bone disease in Red Rum’s foot mean to himself and his trainer?A.It was simply a hindrance they had to get over to excel.B.It was surely a disadvantage though not considered fatal.C.It was actually the end of a racing career that had just begun.。
专业英语四级-3_真题-无答案
专业英语四级-3(总分100,考试时间90分钟)GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY1. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They have all read the book.B. These all rooms are luxurious.C. The visitors are all from China.D. All the people stare at him.2. In "What do you think will be discussed in the meeting next week?", the italicized word is ______ of the sentence.A. the subjectB. **plementC. an objectD. an attribute3. Kate is ______ diligent than her brother, but she didn"t pass the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so4. "No fuels other than petroleum will be fit for this purpose." The sentence means thatA. Neither petroleum nor any other fuels will be fit for this purpose.B. Other fuels will be fitter for this purpose than petroleum.C. Petroleum will be fitter for this purpose than other fuels.D. Only petroleum will be fit for this purpose.5. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called6. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. It was John that wore his best suit last night.B. It was the light music that I"m listening.C. It was the president himself who spoke to me.D. It is white that we"ve painted the kitchen.7. The office staff ______ assembled outside the building to mourn the victims in the earthquake.A. is beingB. hasC. isD. have8. ______, Tom remains modest and is willing to accept suggestions from others.A. However his notable contributionsB. His making notable contributionsC. For all his notable contributionsD. Instead of his contributions9. If Henry ______ under the ladder to catch her when she fell, she couldn"t be smiling like this now.A. didn"t stoodB. hadn"t stoodC. doesn"t stoodD. hasn"t stood10. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; because11. The boxer got ______ and fell down when his opponent gave him the final blow.A. staggeredB. stampedC. scatteredD. shattered12. People who work in the city actually ______ in neighbouring towns.A. stayB. resideC. lodgeD. inhabit13. Economic globalization does not suggest the government ______ its responsibilities and roles.A. alleviateB. diminishC. devalueD. decrease14. The **mittee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation. The underlined part means ______.A. indecisiveB. arguableC. vocalD. unanimous15. Choosing a car is not unlike choosing a dress. You should not only read the price ______ but also consider the image it conveys.A. brandB. labelC. tagD. trademark16. The UK and U.S. are ______ joint plans to attack Iran amid growing tensions in the Middle East.A. drawing onB. drawing inC. drawing upD. drawing out17. The president ______ the speech by making some additions and deletions.A. amendedB. patchedC. rectifiedD. restored18. When demand begins to revive, a sharp rise in prices is ______.A. inevitableB. determinedC. undesirableD. incredible19. The radio trumpeted the presidential ______ across the country.A. championB. champagneC. campaignD. chamber20. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ______.A. turbulentlyB. tremendouslyC. triumphantlyD. tentatively21. Which of the following sentences indicates a subjunctive mood?A. Not until nine o"clock yesterday evening did we finish the work.B. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when the bus finally came.C. Without your timely arrival, she would have been drowned.D. If my mother has time, she will take me to the museum.22. Which of the following italicized parts indicates REASON?A. He succeeded byhard work.B. He talked his wifeinto buyinga car.C. They went outfor a walk.D. He livesover the mountain.23. In the sentence "His ambition to become an astronaut deserves our support", the italicized part is used asA. an attributiveB. an appositiveC. a complementD. an adverbial24. They all turned a deaf ear to her advice, ______ they knew it would be helpful to reduce riskA. as ifB. now thatC. even thoughD. so that25. All the following sentences are conditional sentences EXCEPTA. If running a little faster, he will take the first place.B. Given another chance, I"ll make full use of it.C. Should you see him, please give him my regards.D. So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.26. All substances, ______, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.A. be they gasesB. whether they are gasesC. they are gasesD. they can be gases27. The dinner party they looked forward to ______ at last.A. comeB. cameC. comingD. comes28. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed29. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A. What do you say that the population of Beijing is?B. How many people do you think to stay here?C. Who do you guess is singing?D. What do you tell that is?30. Susan decided not to write her resignation in the office because she didn"t want her colleagues to know what she ______.A. has doneB. had doneC. was doingD. is doing31. You have to ______ by the judge"s decision.A. abideB. adhereC. conformD. comply32. We need a place where young folk can let their hair down and enjoy themselves. Theunderlined part means ______.A. chatB. relaxC. massageD. party33. My neighbor ______ her own daughter as an excellent secretary!A. acquaintedB. introducedC. recommendedD. presented34. Using this scope to ______ your view can make it easier to see the distant targets.A. amplifyB. extendC. magnifyD. expand35. Mary is looking for some ______ to go with her black and white evening gown for the party.A. additionsB. appendixesC. attachmentsD. accessories36. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in populated areas.A. denselyB. intenselyC. abundantlyD. highly37. If you are male, you clap at something funny and ff you are female, you ______ whilst placinga hand over your mouth.A. chuckleB. giggleC. jeerD. sneer38. His trip through the world made an interesting ______.A. descriptionB. narrativeC. statementD. version39. Physicians need ______ expertise in pain and symptom management and skills in communication to meet the many needs of this population.A. complexB. complicatedC. intricateD. sophisticated40. As a ______ of our thanks, we will offer you two free round-trip tickets in first class to Hawaii.A. symbolB. badgeC. tokenD. attribute。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “ With the application of information technology in education, college students can now learn in more diverse and e f icient ways.” You can make statements, give reasons, or cite examples to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsPart Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.American colleges and universities are using 64 percent less coal than they did a decade ago, burning 700,000 tons last year, down from 2 million tons in 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in a report 26 yesterday.All 57 schools that were burning coal in 2008 are using less now, and 20 have 27 coal completely, EIA found.Most universities have turned to natural gas as a 28 , with state funding backing the fuel switch.While academic institutions use less than 0. 1 percent of U.S. coal burned for power, campus coal use has a history dating back to the 1800s when 29 to power was scarce.Many universities still operate their own power plants. The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 encouraged more electricity generation by allowing institutions to sell 30 power to utilities.But EIA noted many coal-fired universities have signed onto the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, which was launched in 2007.About 665 schools are part of the program, which aims to 31 greenhouse gas emissions. Thirty percent of the participants have pledged to be carbon 32 within 20years.The Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which also leads campaigns for universities to withdraw their 33 in coal and other fossil fuels, lists 22 schools that have pledged to move “beyond coal,” includi ngClemson University, Indiana University, Ohio University, Penn State University, the University of Louisville and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.The largest coal use 34 at colleges were in Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Indiana. Indiana’s universities alone cut coal 35 by 81 percent between 2008 and 2015.During the same period, Michigan made an 80 percent cut and Tennessee cut back by 94 percent at state institutions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Classical music aims to evolve, build audiences without alienating old guardA) In 1913, classical music sparked a riot in Paris. Igor Stravinsky was introducing hisrevolutionary “Rite of Spring” ballet to the world, with its discordant melodies and unorthodox choreography (编舞), and the purists in the crowd expressed their disapproval loud and clear. It might have been classical music’s version of the time Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival. “The noise, fighting, and shouting in the audience got so loud,” NPR’s music reporter Miles Hoffff man said of the Stravinsky debut, “that the choreographer had to shout out the numbers to the dancers so that they knew what they were supposed to do.”B) It’s difficult to imagine a similar disturbance occurring today within America’s sacredsymphony halls. In fact, it’s hard to picture any kind of disruptive activity at all (unless someone’s cell phone happens to go off and then you’d better watch your back). A mannerly aura (氛围) hangs over most classical proceedings, and many of the genre’s biggest supporters would have it no other way.C) Today, Western audiences for classical music and opera and ballet are almost always welldressed, older, respectful, achingly silent and often very wealthy (one has to be able to afford most tickets). But as many of America’s most storied “highbrow” ( 高雅的)institutions struggle financially—the Philadelphia Orchestra’s much-publicized rebound from bankruptcy is just one recent example—classical music fans and theorists are wondering how the medium can weave itself into the 21st century’s cultural fabric without sacrificing its integrity.D) For example, should we feel OK “clapping” during classical music events, even if nobodyelse is? Why shouldn’t we cheer for something great, like we do at a rock concert? The Hu f ington Post recently ran a Great Debate on this issue and many commenters came out on the side of silence. “There is no more rewarding experience in life than being part of an audience where everybody is leaning forward in silence, thoroughly carried away by a great performance of a masterpiece,”one commenter wrote. “Why is it so difficult for folks to develop an appreciation and understanding for the mannerisms and traditions of classical music?” asked another.E) The truth is that classical music audiences weren’t always so polite. Robert Greenberg, anaward-winning composer, said that when Beethoven first performed his 7th Symphony, audiences forced the orchestra to perform encores ( 重演) of certain movements immediately, applauding wildly. And in the last few decades, he said, many audiences at opera performances have abandoned pretenses, yelling “Bravo” when they feel lik e it.F) “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with an audience showing their enthusiasm for aproper moment by applauding, showing their joy,” Greenberg said, noting that the stuffiness in concert halls is “one aspect of contemporary concert etiquette”he doesn’t understand. “Instead of waiting half an hour to show enthusiasm, why not show it every eight or nine minutes?”G) Until the rules about behavior and clothing change, it’s hard to imagine multitudes ofyoung people filling concert halls on their own accord. They’re probably more likely to head to Central Park to watch a free performance with a bottle of wine and their friends.“I think anyone should be able to come into a performance dressed any way they like, and be comfortable any way they like, sitting in that seat ready to enjoy themselves,”Greenberg said. “Because it’s enjoyable.”H) Greenberg stressed that he doesn’t want people to start respecting the music less, and he’snot suggesting that we “dumb down” the experience. Rather, it’s about opening up “access.” When operas first instituted subtitles (字幕) during shows, he said, many purists didn’t like the idea, believing that the audience should instead study the works before attending. But now it’s commonplace to find titles on the seatback in front of you—choose a language, sit back, and understand what’s going on.I) Allison Vulgamore, president of the Philadelphia Orchestra, is certainly looking to thefuture. She says certain “classics concerts” dedicated to the old masters will always exist, but not every program has to feature Beethoven and Brahms—or even a stage and seats.“We’re trying to introduce different kinds of concerts in different ways,”she said. “We are an interactive society now, where people like to learn.”J) As the Philadelphia Orchestra rebounds from its financial straits, it is also aiming to experiment, without alienating the loyalists. Vulgamore pointed to Cirque de la Symphonie, a recent offering in which jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and acrobats (杂技演员) interacted with musicians. An upcoming collaboration with New York City’s RidgeTheatre, meanwhile, will feature a “suspended dance installation”and other theatrical elements occurring in conjunction with an orchestral piece.K) The orchestra also continues to offer $25 annual memberships to Philadelphia students, who can buy rush tickets to every concert on the schedule. “Students line up for the concerts they want, and we get roughly 300 or 350 kids a night coming to these. They take any of the open seats available, 5 minutes before the concert starts,” Vulgamore said. “It’s like the running of the bulls, that energy when the doors open.”L) Greenberg thinks that youthful energy needs to be harvested. Conductors don’t have to be arrogant and untouchable—they can be accessible. Perhaps there could even be a “bit of humor”about them, he suggested, and an abandoning of pretension within the high-art institutions themselves. “On one hand, these organizations are all saying the same thing: we want more general audiences, to break down cultural barriers,” he said. “But then they come up with some very snooty (目中无人的) thing that makes you crazy.”M) John Terauds, a critic who has covered Toronto’s classical music scene extensively, also wants to do away with the stuffiness. He suggested that the warmer an audience is, the better the musicians themselves will respond. “But the producer or organizer has to let everyone know it’s OK,” he said. “It’s OK to enjoy y ourself.” At the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, for example, conductor Peter Oundjian often stops between pieces, taking a moment to talk about the composer or the music in a very amiable way. And some nights, Terauds said, “at least a third”of the audience consists of students who have purchased cheaper tickets. On these nights, the energy of the room drastically shifts. It becomes a less intimidating place.N) Back in February, Terauds wrote on his blog about how going to classical performances can be intimidating. Certain people “think they have to dress up,” he wrote. “They think they have to know something about the music before they go. And, I’m sure, sitting in a seat, trembling in fear that this might be the wrong time to applaud, is also one of the factors.”O) Everyone in the classical world agrees on the need for increased “accessibility,”but achieving it is often easier said than done. Nowadays, there are unknown, unorthodox opera singers wowing (博得……的喝彩) viewers on TV programs like “America’s Got Talent”and “The Voice”. What can higher institutions do with any of that? And if they appeal to these outlets, do they risk compromising the integrity or the intelligence of the music?P) Vulgamore seems to understand this. She thinks an organization can have it both ways, claiming the new while keeping the old. And as she reorganizes the Philadelphia Orchestra, she will attempt to do just that. “The world’s most respected musicians brought together as an orchestra will always exist,” she said. “Bu t it’s essential that we be willing to experiment and fail.”36. It was not a rare occurrence that audiences behaved wildly while listening to classical music.37. Some high-art institutions don’t actually mean it when they say they want more general audiences.38. The theatre was in chaos when an unconventional ballet was first put on stage in the capital of France.39. According to one critic, the audience’s warm response would encourage the musicians to do a better job.40. Many commenters argued for the audience enjoying classical music quietly.41. What appears on the seatback screen makes it unnecessary for the audience to study the works beforehand.42. It is generally accepted that there should be no disturbance from the audience during classical music performance.43. Higher institutions will be concerned about compromising the integrity of classical music if they have to resort to the television medium.44. Heavily discounted rush tickets help attract many young students to attend classical concerts.45. The formalities of high-art theatres can intimidate some people attending a performance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes ( 染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, “I hate to stand in long lines” ; they think, “Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!”—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scoredhigh on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30% more likely to have short telomeres.What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.46. What have scientists come to know better today?A) Why people age at different rates.B) How genes influence the aging process.C) How various genes express themselves in aging.D) Why people have long been concerned about aging.47. Why are some lifestyle factors considered extremely important?A) They may shorten the process of cell division.B) They may determine how genes function.C) They may affect the lifespan of telomeres.D) They may account for the stresses on cells.48. What have the author and his colleagues discovered about telomeres?A) Their number affects the growth of cells.B) Their length determines the quality of life.C) Their shortening process can be reversed.D) Their health impacts the division of cells.49. What have scientists learned about cynical hostility?A) It may lead to confrontational thought patterns.B) It may produce an adverse effect on telomeres.C) It may cause people to lose their temper frequently.D) It may stir up agitation among those in long lines.50. What do we learn from the last paragraph about the process of aging?A) It may vary from individual to individual.B) It challenges scientists to explore further.C) It depends on one’s genetic code.D) It may be controlled to a degree.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Scientists have created by accident an enzyme ( 酶) that breaks down plastic drinks bottles. The breakthrough could help solve the global plastic pollution crisis by enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles.。
2019.12英语四级解析第3套
调整了。空格所在句是对比飞机机舱内的氧气压 和海拔 ６，０００ 至 ８，０００ 英尺的氧气压，二者都较 低。因此，空格处应填入含有＂等同于＂意义的词， 故答案为 ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔ。 ３０．【考点】名词辨析题。
Ｇ）【语法判断】空格前是形容词 ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ，因此应填入
使人不愉快的；不客气的
副 词∶ Ｆ）ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ 频繁地，经常地；Ｈ）ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ 原先，最初；Ｊ）ｐｒｉｍａｒｉｌｙ 主要地
裂数锻聚题装率蒸解辨源整表蒸家较聚答案详解滚 鉴蒸教落类据测芳警辩食警际称个源
２６．【考点】形容词辨析题。
Ａ）【语法判断】空格前是系动词 ｉｓ，后面是不定式符
学科齐全，学习氛围好；学校所在城市的气候与外国朋友的家乡相似；自
己也在这个学校，能和对方一起学习，品尝美食，并且方便教对方中文。
第３段总结全文并表达自己的希望和期盼。
范文点评∶
参考范文
精彩点评
［１］Ｄｅａｒ Ｔｏｍ，
【１】称呼语。
［２］Ｉ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ ｙｏｕｒ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ａｎｄ Ｉ ａｍ ｓｏ ｅｘｃｉｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈａｔ 【２】【３】引出话题∶一位外国朋友要
ａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ 定位到文章 Ｆ）段第八句。
ｎａｔｉｖｅ 当地人
ｆａｉｌｉｔｙ 设施，设备
ｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇ ｍａｌｌ 大型购物中心 ｊｏｂ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ 就业机会
ｐｕｂｌｉｃ ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ 公共交通
Ｐａｒｔ Ⅲ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ
【文章来源】本文选自 ２０１９年３ 月１９ 日发表在 ｗｗｗ．ｔｈｅｈｅａｌｔｈｙ．ｃｏｍ（健康网站）上的一篇标题为＂１１ Ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
2023.12四级真题第3套及答案详细解析
P ar t 大学英语四级考试2023年12月真题(第3套)及真题详细解析I W r i t i n g (30 m i nu t e s )D i re c t i o n s : S u pp o se t h e un i v ers i t y n e w s p a p e r i s i n v i t i n g su b m i s s i on s f r o m t h e s t u d e n t s f o r i t s c o m i n ge di t i on o n w h a t i n t h e i r u n i v e rs i t y i m p re sse s t h em m os t . Y o u a r e n o w t o wr i t e a n e ss a yf o r su b m i s s i on .Y o u w i l l h a v e 30 m i n u t e s t o w r i t e t h e e ss a y . Y o u s h o u l d wr i t e a t l e as t 120 w o r d s b u t n o mo r e t h a n 180w o r d s.L i s t e n i n g C o m p re h e ns i o n P ar t I Ⅱ(25 m i n u t e s )特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
R e a d i n g C o m p re h en s i o n P a r t Ⅲ(40 m i n u t es )S e c t i o n A D i rec t i o ns : I n t h i s sec t i o n , t h e r e i s a p a s s a g e w i t h t en b l a n k s . Y o u are re q u i r e d t o se l e c t o n e w or d f o r e a c h b l an k f r om a l i s t o f c h o i c es g i v e n i n a w o r d b a n k f o ll o w i n g t h e p as a g e . R e a d t h e p a ss a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u l l y b e r o r e m a k i n g y o ur c h o i c e s . E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b an k i s i d e n t i i e d b y a l e t t e r P l e as e m a r k t h e c o r r e s p on di n g l e t e r f o r e a c h i t e m o n A n s w e r S h ee t 2 w i t h a s i n g l e li n e t h r o u g h t h e ce n t re . Y o u m a y no t u se a n y o f t h e wor d s i n t h e b a n k m ore t h a n o n ce .W h en p eo p l e s e t o u t t o i m p r o v e t h e i r h e a l t h , t h e y us ua l l y t a k e a f a m ili ar p a t h : s t a r t i n g a h e a l t h y d i e t , g e t t i n g b e t t e r s l ee p , an d d o i n g r e g u l a r e x e rc i s e . E ac h o f t h e s e b e h av i o r s i s i m p o r t an t , o f co urs e , b u t t h e y a l l 26 o n p h y s i c a l h ea l t h —a n d a g r o w i n g b o d y o f r e s e ar c h s u g g e s t s t h a t s oc i a l h e a l t h i s j us t as , i f n o t m o re , i m p o r t an t t o 27 w e l l -b e i n g .O n e r ece n t s t u d y p u b l i s h e d i n t h e j o u m a l P L OS ON E , f o r e x am p l e , f o un d t h a t t h e s t r en g t h o f a p er s o n 's s oc i a l c i r c l e w as a b e t t e r 28_ o f se l f -r e p o r t e d s t r e ss , h a pp i n e ss an d w e l l -b e i n g l e v e l s t h a n fi t n e ss t ra c k e r d a t a o n p h y s i c a l ac t i v i t y , h ear t ra t e an d s l e e p . T h a t fi n di n g s u gg es t s t h a t t h e “29 se l f ” r e p r ese n t e d b y e n d l ess am o un t s o f h ea lth d a t a d o e sn 't t e l l t h e w h o l e 30T h e r e 's a l so a q u a li f e d se l f , w h i c h i s w h o I am , w h a t a r e m y ac t i v i t i es , m y s oc i a l n e t w o r k , an d a l l o f t h e s e i n an y o f t h e s e meas u rem e n t s .as p ec t s ar e n o t 31T hi s id ea i s s u p p o r t e d b y p l e n t y o f 32 r e s e ar c h . S t u di e s h ave s h o w n t h a t s o c i a l su pp o r t -w h e t h er i t c omes 33 a ss o c i a t e d w i t h b e t t e r m e n t a l an d p h y s i c a l h e a l t h . A r i c h f r o m f r i en d s , f a m i l y m e m b e r s o r a s p o us e -i s s oc i a l l if e , t h e s e s t u d i e s su g g es t , ca n l o we r s t r ess l e ve l s ,i m p r o ve m oo d , e n co u ra g e p os i t i v e h ea l t h b e h a v i o r s a n d d i scou ra g e d a ma g i n g o n es , b oo s t h ea r t h e a l t h a n d i m p r o ve i ll ne ss 34 ra t e s .S oc i a l i s o l a t i o n , m eanw h il e , i s li n k e d t o hi g h er ra t e s o f p h y s i c a l di s e a s e s an d men t a l h ea l t h con d i t i o ns .I t 's a s i g n if i can t p ro bl e m ,35 s i n ce l o n e li n es s i s eme r g i n g as a w i d e s p r e a d p u b l i c h e a l t h p r o b l e m i n m a n y c o u n t r i e s .·2023年12月四级真题(第三套)·19。
2023四级真题 (3)
2023四级真题一、阅读理解Passage 1(1)Nowadays, it is common to see people glued to their smartphones wherever they go. With the rapid development of technology, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. (2) Some people argue that smartphones limit human interaction because people become engrossed in their devices and ignore the people around them. (3) However, others believe that smartphones actually promote social interaction and make our lives more convenient.(2)Those who support the idea that smartphones limit human interaction argue that people often become isolated and anti-social when they are constantly on their phones. (5) This can lead to a lack of communication skills and poor relationships with others. (6) While it is true that excessive use of smartphones can be detrimental to human interaction, it is also important to acknowledge the positive aspects that smartphones bring.(3)On the other hand, smartphones have made it easier for people to connect with others. (8) Social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, allow users to share their experiences and communicate with friends and family. (9) In addition, messaging apps like WhatsApp and WeChat enable people to communicate instantly, regardless of geographical distance.(10) As a result, people are able to maintain relationships and keep in touch with loved ones more easily.(4)Furthermore, smartphones have enhanced the convenience of ourlives. (12) With just a few taps on a smartphone, people can order food, book plane tickets, or even pay their bills. (13) This saves time and effort, allowing individuals to focus on more important tasks or spend quality time with family and friends. (14) Therefore, smartphones have become an essential tool in our fast-paced society.In conclusion, while some people argue that smartphones limit human interaction, others believe that smartphones enhance social interaction and convenience. It is important to strike a balance and use smartphones responsibly to reap the benefits they offer.Passage 2(1)In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact ofsocial media on mental health. (2) Social media platforms, such as Facebookand Instagram, have gained immense popularity worldwide, but studies have shown that excessive use of these platforms can have negative effects onmental well-being.(2)One of the main concerns is the comparison effect. (4) When users seetheir friends or acquaintances posting pictures of their perfect lives on social media, they may feel inadequate or dissatisfied with their own lives. (5) Thiscan lead to low self-esteem and feelings of depression or anxiety. (6) Inaddition, social media often highlights only the positive aspects of people’s lives, creating an unrealistic image of happiness and success. (7) This can furthercontribute to feelings of inadequacy and a distorted perception of reality.(3)Another issue with social media is cyberbullying. (9) Due to theanonymity provided by the internet, some individuals use social media as aplatform to harass or bully others. (10) This can have severe psychologicaleffects on the victims, leading to depression, anxiety, and even suicidal thoughts.(11) Furthermore, the constant monitoring and validation on social media cancreate a cycle of addiction and dependency, where users feel the need toconstantly check their notifications and seek validation from others.(4)However, it is important to note that social media can also havepositive effects on mental health. (13) For example, online support groups and communities can provide a sense of belonging and support for individualsfacing mental health issues. (14) In addition, social media can be a valuable tool for spreading awareness and educating the public about mental health.In conclusion, while social media can have negative effects on mental health, it also has the potential to provide support and awareness. It is important for individuals to be mindful of their social media usage and seek a balance between online and offline interactions.二、听力理解Part 1You will hear a conversation between two friends, Laura and Mike, who are discussing their plans for the weekend.Laura: Hey Mike, what are you up to this weekend?Mike: Not much, just planning to relax. How about you?Laura: I’m thinking of going hiking with some friends. There’s a nice trail nearby, and the weather is supposed to be great.Mike: That sounds fun! I haven’t been hiking in ages. Do you mind if I join you?Laura: Of course not! The more the merrier. We’re meeting at the trailhead at 9 am on Saturday. Don’t forget to b ring some water and sunscreen.Mike: Thanks for the invite. I’ll definitely come prepared. Looking forward to it.Laura: Great! See you then.Mike: See you!Part 2You will hear a news report about a new transportation system in a city. Listen carefully and answer the questions below.News reporter: Good evening. In an effort to reduce traffic congestion and promote sustainability, the city of Greenfield will be introducing a new transportation system. The system, known as GreenTrans, will consist of electric buses that travel along dedicated lanes. These buses will be powered by renewable energy sources, making them environmentally friendly.The routes will cover all major areas of the city, including residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, and educational institutions. The buses will have designated stops, equipped with charging stations to ensure a continuous power supply. Passengers will be able to purchase electronic tickets through a smartphone app or at kiosks located at the bus stops.The introduction of the GreenTrans system aims to provide a convenient and reliable alternative to private vehicles. City officials hope that this will encourage more people to choose public transportation over driving their own cars, reducing traffic congestion and lowering carbon emissions. The system is set to launch nextmonth, and a trial phase will be implemented to gather feedback and make any necessary adjustments.That concludes the news report. Stay tuned for more updates on GreenTrans.三、翻译请根据以下提示，将下面的英文翻译成中文。
2022年12月第3套英语四级真题
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题(三)Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students. You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Phones influence all aspects of teenage life.Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet“almost 26 .”But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested,many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous 27 shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new 28 representative survey about“screen time and device distractions”from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly 29 from their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to- 17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time30 in their phones.Vicky Rideout,who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly 31 to teenagers.“They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are,as far as they are living in the 32 of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,”Rideout says.The way parents interact with technology can 33 the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it's up to parents to model good 34 :Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids “realize that they can 35 some more control over their de vices,”she says.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Evil GeniusA)A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil. It was for third-year criminologystudents to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics. It was a huge success. The debates were heated and interesting. I could see people's views change within the course of a single lecture. Over the past 13 years,as a student,lecturer and researcher,I've enjoyed discussing the science of evil with anyone willing to listen. What I like most is destroying the cliche (陈词滥调)of good and evil,and replacing them with scientific insight. We need a more informed way of discussing behavior that at first we cannot, or should not, begin to understand.B) Without understanding,we risk dehumanizing others,writing off human beings simply because wedon't comprehend them. We must try to understand what we have labeled evil. We tend to think evil is something that other people are. We think of ourselves as“good people”,and even when we do morally wrong things,we understand the context of our decisions. With others, however, it is far easier to write them off.If their actions deviate ( 偏离 ) substantially from what we consideracceptable,we may label them evil. We need to be careful with this. Calling someone evil is often similar to saying they cannot change, and perhaps aren't even a human at all. However,when youactually go monster-hunting,and you look deeply at the people behind shocking behavior,you may be surprised.C)As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo cartoons. Arriving in their“Mystery Machine”,the gangwould have to find a monster who was terrorizing a neighborhood.They would run around looking for clues and at the end unmask the bad guy. It was always a normal person in a costume. There were no monsters. Like the Scooby crew,we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix, one word for people who do bad things. But if we take a good look, the word‘evil'is insufficient—there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things:instead there are many,and they are all marvelously different.D)Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms:formal deviance is the violationof laws,like theft,murder,and attacks, while informal deviance involves violations of social norms, like lying. Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms. However,deviance can also describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.E)Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side.Deviating from the norm can make usvillains (恶棍),but it can also make us heroes.A child deviates from social pressures when they stand up for another child being bullied in school.A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders to kill an innocent civilian. An employee in a big tech company devi ates when they expose its wrongdoings.F)Creativity is also a deviation.Here,too, things are complex. Thinking creatively has given us modernmedicine,technology and modern political structures,but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons. Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.G)In a research paper,Evil Genius,published in 2014,the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino andScott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills. The unethical behavior they chose was dishonesty.H) O ver five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat. In one study,theywere given matrixes(矩阵)and had to find two numbers that added up to 10.Participants were asked to self-report how well they did at the end of the s tudy:59% cheated by saying that they solved more matrixes than they actually had.I After each task,the researchers measured participants' performance on the Remote Associates Test.This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated, and the person has to think of a fourth word that is associated with all of them. For example, you might get“Fox, Man, Peep”, or “Dust,Cereal,Fish”.In order to find the linking words(“Hole”for the firs t,“Bowl”for the second) you need to be creative. The more you get right,the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.J) For every one of the five studies, they found the same thing—participants who cheated in the first task did better on the creativity task. Why? Like other forms of unethical behavior,lying means breaking rules. It involves being deviant,going against the social principle that people should tell the truth.Similarly,being creative involves “thinking outside the box”,deviating from expectations. They involve similar thought patterns,so stimulating one stimulates the other. Can we learn from this?Perhaps.To be more creative,we could try lying in a controlled environment. Find online logic games and cheat at them,play Scrabble (拼字游戏)with a dictionary, or write a story about something that is untrue?Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly, beyond our normal comfort zone. This is not a call to become a compulsive (强迫性的)liar,but a controlled liar.K)In addition to benefits for creativity,deviance can be a good thing in other ways. Even Philip Zimbardo, the author of the Stanford prison experiment,who showed how easily we can be led to behave badly, believes that the future of deviance research may lie more in understanding extreme pro- social behavior,such as heroism.Like evil, we often view heroism as only a possibility for outliers—for people who are abnormal.But Zimbardo asks:“What if the capability to act heroically is also fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?”Some say we should never meet our heroes,lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are. But this should be liberating,not disappointing. We are all capable of behaving like outliers. It's time for us to understand deviance, and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.36.A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in thecreativity test.38.People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonestyand creativity40.The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.41.The researchers tested the participants' creativity by asking them to play a word game.42.It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals andsociety43.The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44.The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants' tendency to cheat.45.Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery,this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York. The depressing and regimented (严格管制的)environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents' conditions.Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time, Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch (直觉),he brought in two dogs,four cats, hens, rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower garden, and a vegetable patch.The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramatic decrease in death rates—but most importantly,the residents were simply happier.Dr. Thomas's approach, named the Eden Alternative, has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的)and creative living space for their clderly. It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the end of it.Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books,also created small, independently-run residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms, and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing“Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up all the whee lchairs,”Thomas told the Washington Post.“You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are so big.”The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted in Australia, Japan, Canada,and America with enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind:Navigating the Passage to a Slower,Deeper,and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.46.What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century?A)Transforming people's lifestyle.B)Honoring his Harvard education.C)Changing people's philosophy of life.D)Shifting people's perspective on aging.47.Why did Bill Thomas try something different in the nursing home?A)He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.B)He wanted to apply his Harvard training to practice.C)He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.D)He felt disappointed working in the environment.48.What do we learn about Bill Thomas bringing animals and plants into the nursing home?A)He made a mess of the nursing home.B)He did something all professionals would do.C)He won instant support from the state authorities.D)He acted in violation of the state law.49.What has Bill Thomas been persistently advocating?A)Good health is not just a privilege of the young.B)Nursing homes should be strictly limited in size.C) Getting old is by no means something miserable.D)Residences for seniors should be run independently.50.How is Bill Thomas's new concept received?A)It is gaining ground in many countries.B)It is being heatedly debated worldwide.C) It is considered revolutionary everywhere.D)It is winning approval from the government.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Research shows that in developed countries,more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets—including more fruits and vegetables,fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense. They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower- income people.This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented. However,the research does not explain why this is the case—a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes (食谱). These approaches,however,often presume less food literacy(i.e.food knowledge and skills)among low-income people. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills. There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead,disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic,material and social circumstances. For example,low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada,where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice.Low-incomehouseholds report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costlyWhile this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive. After all, not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The internet is full of recipes for “eating well on a budget.”51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B)People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.D)There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52.What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A)Their eating habits need to be changed.B)Their food literacy has been improving.C)They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A)Teaching them budgeting skills.B)Increasing their food choices.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55.What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?A)Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B) Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C)Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D)Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.(30minutes)Part N TranslationDirections: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.冬至(Winter Solstice)是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。
2023年6月年大学英语四级真题(三)
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For that part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents' role in their children’s growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A Directions : In that section , you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A)The woman is the manager’s secretary.C)The man is the manager’s businessassociate.B)The man found himself in a wrong place.D)The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.2.A)He needs more time for the report.C)He is sorry not to have helped the woman.B)He needs help to interpret the data.D)He does not have sufficient data to go on.3.A) A friend from New York.C) A postal delivery.B)A message from Tony.D) A change in the weather.4.A)She is not available until the end of next week.B)She is not a reliable source of information.C)She does not like taking exams.D)She does not like psychology.5.A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B)The woman’s watch is twenty minutes fast.C)The woman shouldn’t make such a big fuss.D)There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry."Good news mom ! I was accepted to the college of your choice."6.A)Mary is not so easygoing as her.C)She finds it hard to get along with Mary.B)Mary and she have a lot in common.D)She does not believe what her neighborssaid.7. A) At an information service.C) At a repair shop.B)At a car wash point.D) At a dry cleaner’s8. A) The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.B)The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C)The piece of music the man played is very popular.D)The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B)He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C)He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D)He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.10. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B)He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C)He likes to work in a company close to home.D)He would rather get a less demanding job.11. A) Sports.B) Travel. C) Foreign languages. D) Computer games.12. A) When he is supposed to start work.B)What responsibilities he would have.C)When he will be informed about his application.D)What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A)She is pregnant.C)She has just finished her project.B)She is over 50.D)She is a good saleswoman.14.A)He takes good care of Lisa.C)He is good at business management.B)He is the CEO of a giant company.D)He works as a salesmanager.15. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B)It produces goods popular among local people.C)It has been losing market share in recent years.D)It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section BDirections : In that section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),and D).Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)It is lined with tall trees.C)It has high buildings on both sides.B)It was widened recently.D)It used to be dirty and disorderly.17. A)They repaved it with rocks.C)They beautified it with plants.B)They built public restrooms on it.D)They set up cooking facilities near it.18. A)What makes life enjoyable.C)What a community means.B)How to work with tools.D)How to improve health.19. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B)They were encouraged by the city officials, praise.C)They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D)They derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.B)Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C)The majority of them find it interesting.D)Few of them read more than ten books a year.21. A)Novels and stories.C)History and science books.B)Mysteries and detective stories.D)Books on culture and tradition.22. A)Watching TV.C)Reading magazines.B)Listening to music.D)Playing computer games.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.B)Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C)Trends for the development of the motor car.D)Solutions to global fuel shortage.24. A)Limited driving range.C)The short life of batteries.B)Huge recharging expenses.D)The unaffordable high price.25. A) They need to be further improved.B)They can easily switch to natural gas.C)They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D)They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section CDirections : In that section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.My favorite T. V. show? " The Twilight Zone." I 26 like the episode called " The Printer’s Devil. " It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being 27 out of businessby a big newspaper syndicate—you know, a group of papers 28 by the same people.He’s about to 29 when he’s interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith.The editor is not only offered $ 5,000 to pay off his newspapers 30 , but that Smith character also offers his services for free. It turns out that the guy operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he’s turning out newspapers with 31 . The small paper is successful again. The editor is 32 at how quickly Smith gets his stories—only minutes after they happen—but soon he’s presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith,it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by that news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is 33 the news even before it happens—and ifs all terrible—one disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to 34 the story for you.I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they deal with 35 . Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section ADirections: In that section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and 36 for their children. They can be 37 teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of 38 and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course,are not the only community resources. Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have 39 information to share in classrooms.Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students don’t have the opportunity to 40 concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have 41 for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made 42 of field trips and give permission for their children to participate.Through school projects, students can learn to be 43 in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students, 44 older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community serviceby 45 in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger community.Section BDirections : In that section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reaping the Rewards of Risk-TakingA)Since Steve Jobs resigned as chief executive of Apple, much has been said about himas a peerless business leader who has created immense wealth for shareholders, and guided the design of hit products that are transforming entire industries, like music and mobile communications.B)All true, but let’s think different, to borrow the Apple marketing slogan of yearsback. Let’s look at Mr. Jobs as a role model.C)Above all, he is an innovator (创新者）. His creative force is seen in products suchas the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and in new business models for pricing and distributing music and mobile software online. Studies of innovation come to the same conclusion : you can’t engineer innovation, but you can increase the odds of it occurring. And Mr.Jobs’ career can be viewed as a consistent pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself and the companies he has led. Mr. Jobs, of course, has enjoyed singular success.But innovation, broadly defined, is the crucial ingredient in all economic progress—higher growth for nations, more competitive products for companies, and more prosperous careers for individuals. And Mr. Jobs, many experts say, exemplifies what works in the innovation game.D)" We can look at and learn from Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation is,"says John Kao, an innovation consultant to corporations and governments. Many other nations, Mr. John Kao notes, are now ahead of the United States in producing what are considered the raw materials of innovation. These include government financing for scientific research, national policies to support emerging industries, educational achievement, engineers and scientists graduated, even the speeds of Internet broadband service.E)Yet what other nations typically lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment thatencourages diversity, experimentation, risk-taking, and combining skills from many fields into products that he calls " recombinant mash-ups( 打碎重组)," like the iPhone, which redefined the smartphone category. "The culture of other countriesdoesn’t support the kind of innovation that Steve Jobs exemplifies, as America does,"Mr. John Kao says.F)Workers of every rank are told these days that wide-ranging curiosity and continuouslearning are vital to thriving in the modem economy. Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real- life experience is often even more valuable.G)An adopted child, growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed those traits earlyon. He was fascinated by electronics as a child, building Heath kit do-it-yourself projects, like radios. Mr. Jobs dropped out of Reed College after only a semester and traveled around India in search of spiritual enlightenment, before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple with his friend, Stephen Wozniak, an engineering wizard(奇才). Mr. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, went off and founded two other companies, Next and Pixar, before returning to Apple in 1996 and becoming chief executive in 1997. H)His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration is notunusual. "It’s often people like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir of diverse experiences that often generate breakthrough ideas and insights," says Hal Gregersen, a professor at the European Institute of Business Administration.I)Mr. Gregersen is a co-author of a new book, The Innovator's DNA,which is based on aneight-year study of 5000(创业者）and executives worldwide. His two collaborators and co-authors are Jeff Dyer, a professor at Brigham Young University, and Clayton Christensen, a professor at the Harvard Business School, whose 1997 book The Innovators Dilemma popularized the concept of(颠覆性地）innovation. "J)The academics identify five traits that are common to the disruptive innovators: questioning, experimenting, observing, associating and networking. Their bundle of characteristics echoes the ceaseless curiosity and willingness to take risks noted by other experts. Networking, Mr. Hal Gregersen explains, is less about career-building relationships than a consistent search for new ideas. Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.K)"Innovators engage in these mental activities regularly," Mr. Gregersen says. "It’sa habit for them Innovative companies, according to the authors, typically enjoy highervaluations in the stock market, which they call an "innovation premium (溢价）." It is calculated by estimating the share of a company’s value that cannot be accounted for b y i ts c urrent p roducts a nd c ash f low. T he i nnovation p remium t ries t o q uantify(量化)investors’bets that a company will do even better in the future because of innovation.L)Apple, by their calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium during Mr. Jobs’ first term with the company. His years in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation discount. After his return, Applet fortunes improved gradually at first, and improved markedly starting in 2005, yielding a 52 percent innovation premium since then.M)There is no conclusive proof, but Mr. Hal Gregersen says it is unlikely that Mr. Jobs could have reshaped industries beyond computing, as he has done in his second term at Apple, without the experience outside the company, especially at Pixar—the computer-animation(动画制作）studio that created a string of critically and commercially successful movies, such as "Toy Story" and "Up."N)Mr. Jobs suggested much the same thing during a commencement address to the graduatingclass at Stanford University in 2005. "It turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me," he told the students. Mr.Jobs also spoke of perseverance (坚持）and will power. "Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick," he said. "Don’t lose faith. "O)Mr. Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to innovation, both in one’s choice of work and in one’s life. Be curious, experiment, take risks, he said to the students.His advice was emphasized by the words on the back of the final edition of The Whole Earth Catalog,which he quoted Stay hungry. Stay foolish. " "And, Mr. Jobs said, "I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.46.Steve Jobs called on Stanford graduates to innovate in his commencement address.47.Steve Jobs considered himself lucky to have been fired once by Apple.48.Steve Jobs once used computers to make movies that were commercial hits.49.Many governments have done more than the US government in providing the raw materialsfor innovation.50.Great innovators are good at connecting concepts from various academic fields.51.Innovation is vital to driving economic progress.52.America has a social environment that is particularly favorable to innovation.53.Innovative ideas often come from diverse experiences.54.Real-life experience is often more important than formal education for career success.55.Applet fortunes suffered from an innovation discount during Jobs’ absence.Section CDirections : There are 2 -passages in that section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation : Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?"Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers."In contrast," the researchers continue, " many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance—like food—of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. ’’The research references studies of peopled behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cuesto drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desireto eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell foodrich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren5t primarilyfood stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displaysnear the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol atdrive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and banthem from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.56.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is generally realized.57.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.B) They provide misleading information.D) They help people make rational choices.58.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A)Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B)There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C)Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.59.What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.60.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C)Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D)Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpecteturning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to "complacency ( 自满)"that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate(企业地）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.61.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing the dominant role in the film market.62.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A)To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji Photo.63.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.64.What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.65.What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.B) Its failure to see Fuji Photo’s emergence.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part IV Translation(30 minutes) Directions: For that part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在西方人心目中,和中国联系最为密切地基本食物是大米。
2023 年 6 月英语四级真题第 3 套
6Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on college students doing community service. You are to write an essay on its benefits and the service you can provide to the community. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.说明：假设你大学的学生会正在组织一个关于大学生做社区服务的在线讨论。
你要写一篇关于它的好处和你可以为社区提供的服务的文章。
你将有30分钟的时间来完成这个任务。
你应该至少写120个字，但不要再写了超过180字。
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)第二部分听力理解能力(25分钟）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)第三部分：阅读理解能力(40分钟）Section ADirection s: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Whether you're just having a down day or a down period, taking a walk can instantly lift your mood, especially when you go outdoors. Not only can walking make you less depressed, but according to a new study, depression sufferers who took a ___26___ walk showed just as much improvement in their ___27___ as people taking medicine. In fact, 60-70 percent of the participants in the study could no longer even be ___28___ as depressed.Bone density may not be one of the most exciting health benefits of walking, but it's an important one. People with stronger bones avoid osteoporosis (骨质疏松症) and all the problems that ___29___ with it, like breaks and other disabilities. And the best way to get strong, healthy bones is by doing weight-bearing exercises like running, dancing and walking, according to a large study. But as regards bones, it's ___30___ use it or lose it: To keep your bones strong you have to keep exercising. The researchers found that adults who walked regularly had better bone density throughout their lives than their____31___ friends.Taking a walk can be great for ___32___ your head or blowing off some steam. It also provides a great opportunity to ___33___ with friends and family, far away from electronics and other ___34___ at home. Even better, you set a powerful example because when they see you ___35___ the benefits of walking, they'll be encouraged to walk more, too.2023 年6 月四级真题第3 套第1 页，共6 页Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A Club Where Lions Dance and Traditions Take RootA) The first thing you notice in the staircase to the fourth-floor studio on Canal Street in Manhattan, NewYork, is the measured thumping (嘭嘭声) coming from behind a metal door. Just beyond the entrance, large lion masks were twisting and turning to the drum-beat. On a recent Friday evening, the teenagers made their way across the studio floor as they practiced Chinese lion dancing.B) "You want to play in a circle," Victor Fong, aged 24, told his students at the New York ChineseFreemasons Athletic Club. "Take it slow and do it again." The dance group, made up of 60 members, performs throughout the year but was now preparing for its biggest events, Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, which will begin on Saturday and conclude on February 15. Teenagers comprise about half of the group, many of whom began lion dancing at the age of 14. About 100 current and past members of the dance group—which has been performing since 1956—will be among the 220 groups marching through Chinatown in Manhattan for the 18th Lunar New Year Parade on February 5.C) Mr. Fong has been involved in the organization since he was 15 and began teaching lion dancing threeyears ago. But the club also acts as a recreation center and safe haven (庇护所) for teenagers, with video games readily available. As many as 20 students show up after school. "The basic requirement for hanging out here is you have to learn how to lion dance," Mr. Fong said. While that is not a formal requirement for being a member, everyone finds a way to participate in the Lunar New Year Parade, whether it's by dancing, carrying a flag or beating a drum.D) Alvin Chau, aged 26, is an environmental consultant by day and a lion dancer on weekends. He has beena club member for 10 years and joined because of an interest in lion dance. "We're a big family," he said,shaking hands with other members as they walked through the door. "You know everyone."E) It is believed that the lion dance began in the third century. Stories vary about how lion dancing came tobe, but most of them include a monster named Nian who would terrorize a village. The villagers finally banded together and scared the beast away with firecrackers (爆竹) and drums. While lions are not native to China, some versions of the story include the villagers creating a monster of their own in the shape ofa lion to fight off the beast.F) Today, the dancers travel across Chinatown going from business to business to bring goodluck for the2023 年6 月四级真题第3 套第2 页，共6 页coming year. The new year-according to the Chinese lunar calendar-will begin on Saturday and marks the Year of the Rooster ( 鸡年), which is thought to be a symbol of positivity. "It's almost like the dark night is ending and the sun is coming up," said Ya Yung Teng, the digital collections coordinator for the Museum of Chinese in America. "It's hopeful that we're going to have a new day." Roosters and chickens are not particularly strong creatures, Ms. Teng said, but they are numerous. "In a way,”she said, the rooster "stands for "We the People.””G) The lion head and tail are operated by two people. As one person controls the head, a second followsunder a train of fabric representing the body. The dancers move in harmony as they imitate the animal's natural movements in the wild, including the aggressiveness of an attack. A lion head figure weighs under 10 pounds and sits squarely on the dancer's shoulders. Inside, the dancer manipulates strings that open and close the lion's eyes, shake its ears and open its mouth to reveal a fire-orange tongue.H) "A good lion dancer will imitate a living creature," said Karlin Chan, aged 59, who heads the athleticclub's community public relations. "I started lion dancing when I was a kid," he said. "Chinatown was much smaller then and it was a celebration with fireworks and firecrackers, which added a lot of flavor and meaning to it."I) Mr. Chan buys a new lion head each year when he travels to China. A head costs about $ 1,500. "If youwant the good stuff, the quality, you have to see it for yourself," he said. "I'll inspect the product before we put it in the container and ship it over." Mr. Chan, who has been involved with the club for nearly 50 years, said that passing the dance from one generation to the next was vital. "You need to pass on the traditions and the culture, and this is a part of our culture," he said. "It's a great way to promote cultural understanding and exchange; we welcome that.”J) For Sara Pore, aged 17, another club member, lion dance is more than just tradition, it provides a creative outlet. "Lion dancing started 2,000 years ago—that's incredible," she said. "But what makes you a competent lion dancer is that there's a sense of imagination involved. Lion dancing teaches competence in leadership because of this. You're constantly forced to push yourselfpast your limit."K) Back at rehearsal (排练), Justin Le, aged 18, tied a red ribbon around his waist to practice jumping. The dancers use the ribbons to pull themselves up over their partners'heads. The room's ceilings are too low to wear the lion heads for jumping practice, so once up on his partner's head, Mr. Le held out his arms as if in offering.L) Mr. Le comes by the dance as a legacy (传承). "I was born into it, " Mr. Le said, noting that his uncle and father were club members. "Growing up, I would always watch my family and see the lion dance, and I slowly grew interested in it." By the age of 14, he was fully enrolled in the athletic club's lion dance group. "I value my culture and tradition, being Chinese or Asian-American. I have a lot of pride in that,"he said. "I want to contribute and give back to the community."36. The lion dancers perform from door to door to bring New Year wishes to businesspeople.37. The New York dance club also serves as a place for entertainment where youngsters can enjoythemselves safely.38. Lion dancers need to have a little imagination to perform well.39. There are a number of different versions about the origin of the lion dance.40. Some 50% of the members of a New York lion dance club are teenagers.41. One club member says he feels proud of his cultural tradition.42. Two dancers coordinate their movements, one manipulating the lion's head and the other its body.2023 年6 月四级真题第3 套第3 页，共6 页43. One lion dancer compares their New York dance club to a family.44. Lion dance should be handed down to future generations as part of Chinese culture.45. One lion dancer learned how to perform from his elders.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Team-building exercises have become popular for managers trying to increase organisational and team harmony and productivity. Unfortunately many employees resent compulsory bonding and often regard these exercises as a nuisance.A paper published this week by University of Sydney researchers in Social Networks has reported participants'feelings about team-building interventions (干预), revealing ethical implications in forcing employees to take part."Many people see team-building activities as a waste of time, so we decided to look in more depth at what's behind this," said the paper's lead researcher, Dr Peter Matous."Teams are formed, combined and restructured. Staff are relocated and office spaces redesigned. All this is done with the aim of improving workplace efficiency, collaboration and cohesion. But does any of this work?" said Dr Matous.The study found that team-building exercises which focused on the sharing of and intervening into personal attitudes and relationships between team members were considered too heavy-handed and intrusive, although the researchers say some degree of openness and vulnerability is often necessary to make deep, effective connections with colleagues."Some participants were against team-building exercises because they were implicitly compulsory. They didn't welcome management's interest in their lives beyond their direct work performance," said Matous. "Many people don't want to be forced into having fun or making friends, especially not on top of their busy jobs. They feel management is being too nosy or trying to control their lives too much. "In this study the researchers recommended a self-disclosure （表露) approach where participants were guided through a series of questions that allowed them to increasingly disclose personal information and values. The method is well-tested and has been shown to increase interpersonal closeness. However, to be successful it must be voluntary.The researchers said there are numerous schools of thought that propose differing psychological methods for strengthening relationships. "With caution, many relational methods to improve teams and organisations can be borrowed from other fields. The question is how to apply them effectively to strengthen an entire collective, which is more than just the sum of individual relationships," said Dr Matous.46. Why are many employees opposed to team-building exercises?A) They consider such exercises annoying.B) They deem these exercises counter-productive.C) They see such exercises as harmful to harmony.2023 年6 月四级真题第3 套第4 页，共6 页。
2023年12月四级真题 (3)
2023年12月四级真题第一部分阅读理解（共两篇，每篇5小题，共计10小题，每小题2分，共计20分）Passage 1Questions 1-5Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, urbanization has become a global trend. More and more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. While urbanization brings many benefits, it also poses environmental challenges that need to be addressed.One major challenge is air pollution. As cities grow, so dothe number of vehicles and industrial facilities. This leads to an increase in the emission of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Governments and city planners need to take immediate actions to reduce air pollution in urban areas. This can be done by improving public transportation to encourage people to use cars less frequently. Additionally, stricter regulations should be implemented to control emissions from factories and power plants.Another challenge is the strain on natural resources. The rapid expansion of cities leads to a higher demand forresources such as water and energy. Cities need to find sustainable ways to access and manage these resources. For example, implementing rainwater harvesting systems can help reduce water consumption. Moreover, switching to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce the reliance on non-renewable resources.In conclusion, while urbanization offers economic opportunities and improved living standards, it also brings environmental challenges. Governments and city planners need to prioritize sustainable development strategies to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization.1.What is one major challenge posed by urbanization?2.What are the harmful effects of the emission ofcarbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides?3.What measures can be taken to reduce air pollutionin urban areas?4.How does the rapid expansion of cities affect thedemand for natural resources?5.What strategies can governments and city plannersprioritize to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization?Passage 2Questions 6-10Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has soared. With the convenience and variety it offers, online shopping has become the preferred method for many consumers. However, it also has its downsides.One major downside is the impact on traditional brick-and-mortar stores. As more people turn to online shopping, physical retail stores face declining sales and foot traffic. This has led to the closure of many stores and the loss of jobs. To adapt to this changing landscape, traditional retailers need to embrace digital technologies and create omnichannel experiences that integrate both online and offline shopping.Another downside is the issue of product returns. Online shoppers often face challenges when it comes to returning items they are not satisfied with. The process can be time-consuming and costly, leading to frustration for consumers. Online retailers need to improve their return policies and make the process more user-friendly to enhance customer satisfaction.Furthermore, online shopping raises concerns about privacy and data security. Consumers are required to provide personal and financial information when making purchases online. It is essential for online retailers to invest in robust security measures to protect customer data from unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.In conclusion, while online shopping offers convenience and variety, it also has negative implications for traditional retail stores and poses challenges in terms of product returns and data security. It is crucial for retailers to adapt and addressthese issues to ensure a positive online shopping experience for consumers.6.What is one major downside of online shopping?7.How can traditional retail stores adapt to thechanging landscape?8.What challenges do online shoppers face when itcomes to product returns?9.Why is data security important in online shopping?10.What actions should online retailers take to enhancecustomer satisfaction?第二部分写作（共两题，第一题10分，第二题15分，共计25分）题目1：The Benefits of Bilingual EducationBilingual education refers to the education of students in two languages, usually their native language and a target language. Bilingual education has numerous benefits that contribute to the overall development and success of students.Firstly, bilingual education enhances cognitive abilities. Research has shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, improved memory, and increased attention span. The constant switching between languages stimulates the brain and helps develop higher thinking abilities.Secondly, bilingual education promotes cultural awareness and appreciation. When students learn another language, they also learn about the customs, traditions, and history associated with that language. This fosters cross-cultural understanding and encourages students to embrace diversity.Furthermore, bilingual education improves communication skills. Bilingual students have the advantage of being able to communicate effectively and understand different perspectives. This skill is highly valued in a globalized world where international communication is becoming increasingly important.In addition, bilingual education opens up more career opportunities. Many multinational companies and organizations actively seek bilingual employees who can communicate with clients and partners from different countries. Being bilingual enhances employability and offers a competitive edge in the job market.In conclusion, bilingual education provides cognitive, cultural, and career benefits. It enhances cognitive abilities, promotes cultural awareness, improves communication skills, and opens up more career opportunities. It is clear that bilingual education is a valuable asset for students in today’s globalized society.题目2：The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media has become an integral part of modern life, transforming the way people communicate, share information, and interact. While social media offers numerous benefits, it also has a significant impact on society.Firstly, social media has revolutionized communication. It allows people to connect and communicate with others across the globe within seconds. This has led to the formation of online communities, facilitating the exchange of ideas and creating opportunities for collaboration on a global scale.Secondly, social media has transformed the way information is disseminated. Traditional media outlets are no longer the sole source of news and information. Social media platforms enable anyone to share news and opinions, giving voice to a diverse range of perspectives. However, this also raises concerns about the spread of misinformation and the lack of fact-checking.Furthermore, social media has influenced social and political movements. Movements such as the Arab Spring and #MeToo have gained momentum through the power of social media, enabling activists to organize and raise awareness on a large scale. However, social media can also be a platform for cyberbullying and harassment, highlighting the negative aspects of its influence.In addition, social media has impacted mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others’ highlight reels can contribute to low self-esteem and a distorted self-image.In conclusion, social media has revolutionized communication, transformed the spread of information, influenced social and political movements, and impacted mental health. It is essential for users to be mindful of their social media consumption and for society as a whole to addressthe challenges associated with its use to ensure a positive and healthy digital environment.第三部分翻译（共10句，每句2分，共计20分）1.关注可持续发展是当今社会的重要课题。
2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题第3套
12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)Part Ⅰ Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying" Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen." You can cite xamples to illustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere on lookers inlife. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)听力音频地址：Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, Cand D,and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A.Children should be taught to be more careful.B.Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.C.There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D.Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.2.A.Fitness training.B.The new job offer.puter programming.D.Directorship of the club.3.A.He needs to buy a new sweater.B.He has got to save on fuel bills.C.The fuel price has skyrocketed.D.The heating system doesn't work.mitting theft.B.Taking pictures.C.Window shopping.D.Posing for the camera.5.A.She is taking some medicine.B.She has not seen a doctor yet.C.She does not trust the man's advice.D.She has almost recovered from the cough.6.A.Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.B.Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C.Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D.Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.7.A.In the left-luggage office.B.At the hotel reception.C.In a hotel room.D.At an airport.8.A.She was an excellent student at college.B.She works in the entertainment business.C.She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D.She is good at conveying her message.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr.Romero.B.Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.C.Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D.Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.10.A.Her travel to Japan.B.The awards ceremony.C.The proper hairstyle for her new role.D.When to start the make-up session.11.A.He is Mr.Romero's agent.B.He is an entertainment journalist.C.He is the woman's assistant.D.He is a famous movie star.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.Make an appointment for an interview.B.Send in an application letter.C.Fill in an application form.D.Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.13.A.Someone having a college degree in advertising.B.Someone experienced in business management.C.Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D.Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.14.A.Travel opportunities.B.Handsome pay.C.Prospects for promotion.D.Flexible working hours.15.A.It depends on the working hours.B.It is about 500 pounds a week.C.It will be set by the Human Resources.D.It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections..In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B,Cand D..Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.To give customers a wider range of choices.B.To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C.To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D.To save space for more profitable products.17.A.On the top shelves.B.On the bottom shelves.C.On easily accessible shelves.D.On clearly marked shelves.18.A.Many of them buy things on impulse.B.A few of them are fathers with babies.C.A majority of them are young couples.D.Over 60% of them make shopping lists.19.A.Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B.Sales assistants following customers around.C.Customers competing for good bargains.D.Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A.Teaching mathematics at a school.B.Doing research in an institute.C.Studying for a college degree.D.Working in a hi-tech company21.A.He studied the designs of various clocks.B.He did experiments on different materials.C.He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D.He asked different people for their opinions.22.A.Its automatic mechanism.B.Its manufacturing process.C.Its way of waking people up.D.Its funny-looking pig face.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.It is often caused by a change of circumstances.B.It actually doesn't require any special treatment.C.It usually appears all of a sudden.D.It generally lasts for several years.24.A.They cannot mix well with others.B.They irrationally annoy their friends.C.They depend heavily on family members.D.They blame others for ignoring their needs.25.A.They lack consistent support from peers.B.They doubt their own popularity.C.They were born psychologically weak.D.They focus too much on themselves.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and26 in a file cabinet.It could remain there for years and, often27, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then.28 the change has been the astonishingly29 development in recent years of the computer.Today, any data that is 30 about us in one place or another--and for one reason or another--can be stored in a computer bank.It can then be easily passed to other computer banks.They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending 31 , direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and32 at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening33 of their privacy.Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly 34, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain.In 1970, a national survey showed that 37 percent of the people35felt their privacy was being invaded.Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry.Arecent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizens had shot up to 76percent.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given, in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each.choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children do not think the way adults do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it's out of mind.If you cover a baby's36toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toyhas disappeared and stops looking for it.A 4-year-old may 37 that a sister has more fruit juicewhen it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the38 of juice.Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized39 about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That's enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"the child will 40 test your claim.Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you41; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those42 are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does children's thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children's cognitive (认知旳) abilities unfold 43, like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is44in their lives.Althoughmany of his specific conclusions havebeen45 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.A. advocateB. amountC. confirmedD. crazyE. definiteF. differencesG. favoriteH. happeningI. ImmediatelyJ. NaturallyK. ObtainingL. PrimarilyM. ProtestN. RejectedO. theoriesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with, ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Perfect EssayA.Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher.Shecared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn't.Her expectations were high--impossibly so.She was an English teacher.She was also my mother.B.When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page : "Flawless." This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade.Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14.Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread thegood news.I didn't get very far.The first person I told was my mother.C.My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rareoccasion when she got angry, she was terrifying.I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.In any event,my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be.At the time,I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions (过渡), structure, style and voice.But whatI learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, wasa deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.D.First off, it hurts.Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint (印记) on you as a person.I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally.I say that we should never listen to these people.E. Criticism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely,someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization.For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer'sblock--I was not able to produce anything for three years.F. Franz Kafka once said: "Writing is utter solitude (独处), the descent into the cold abyss (深渊) of oneself." My mother's criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective (内省旳) descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find.But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude.I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me."It is a thing of no great difficulty," according to Plutarch, "to raise objections against another man's speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome." I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother's guidance, but I can't recall them.What I remember, however, is how she took up the "extremely troublesome" work of ongoing criticism.G. There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic shouldbe able to produce "a better in its place." In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques (评论).My mother was well covered on this count.But perhapsPlutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero's claim that one should "criticize by creation, not by finding fault." Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms--a process that is often extremely painful,but also almost always meaningful.H. My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself.For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could.Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any--the type I could have found on my own--I had to start from scratch.From scratch.Once the essay was "flawless," she would take an evening to walk me through myerrors.That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I. She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon (行话).She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech."Writers can't bluff (虚张声势) their way through ignorance." That was news to me--I would need to freed another way to structure my daily existence.J. She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression."John," she almost whispered.I leaned in to hear her:"I can'thear you when you shout at me." So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writingimproved.K. Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay.Butperhaps I missed something important in my mother's lessons about creativity and perfection.Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.Whitman repeatedly reworked "Song of Myself' between 1855 and 1891.Repeatedly.We do our absolute best with apiece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal.And, for the time being, we settle.Incritique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.46.The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.47.The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.48.A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.49.Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything.50.The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless".51.Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.52.The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.53.The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.54.The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.55.Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn'treproduce it in most of the US either.What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It's the right people.If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心) : rich people and nerds (痴迷科研旳人).Observation bears this out.Within the US, towns have become star,up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds.Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it has few nerds.It's not the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people.The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, andCarnegie-Mellon.MITyielded Route 128.Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley.But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both.The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is inBoston.Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there're plenty of hackers (电脑迷) who could start startups, there's no one to invest in themDo you really need the rich people? Wouldn't it work to have the government invest in the nerds?No, it would not.Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people.They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business.This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money.And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.56.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A.Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B.It is the biggest technology hub in the US.C.Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D.It leads the world in information technology.57.What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?ck of incentive for investment.ck of the right kind of talents.ck of government support.ck of famous universities.58.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A.Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B.Its science departments are not nearly as good.C.It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D.It does not pay much attention to business startups.59.What does the author imply about Boston?A.It has pleasant weather all year round.B.It produces wealth as well as high-tech.C.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.D.It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.60.What does the author say about startup investors?A.They are especially wise in making investments.B.They have good connections in the government.C.They can do more than providing money.D.They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.It's nice to have people of like mind around.Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expandyour company and your career.It's nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth.If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏颇).Take a look at your own network.Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it's time to shake things up.As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance.It's not easy for most people to actively seek conflict.Many spend their lives trying to avoidarguments.There's no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective.But it do esrequire moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries.The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carryingthe emotion of the battles beyond thebattlefield.Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached.Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they'll be willing to get into the ring next time.61.What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?A.It will help your company expand more rapidly.B.It will create a harmonious working atmosphere.C.It may prevent your business and career from advancing.D.It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions.62.What does the author suggest leaders do?A.Avoid arguments with business partners.B.Encourage people to disagree and argue.C.Build a wide and strong business network.D.Seek advice from their worthy competitors.63.What is the purpose of holding a debate?A.To find out the truth about an issue.B.To build up people's moral strength.C.To remove misunderstandings.D.To look for worthy opponents.64.What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?A.They listen carefully to their opponents' views.B.They show due respect for each other's beliefs.C.They present their views clearly and explicitly.D.They take care not to hurt each other's feelings.65.How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?A.Try to make peace with them.B.Try to make up the differences.C.Invite them to the ring next time.D.Acknowledge their contribution.Part Ⅳ Translation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.今年在长沙举行了一年一度旳外国人汉语演讲比赛.这项比赛证明是增进中国和世界其他地区文化交流旳好措施.它为世界各地旳年轻人提供了更好地理解中国旳机会.来自87个国家合计126位选手汇集在湖南省省会参与了从7月6日到8月5日进行旳半决赛和决赛.比赛并不是唯一旳活动.选手们尚有机会参观了中国其他地区旳著名景点和历史名胜.12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第3套)Part Ⅰ Writing这是一篇四级考试中常见旳议论文.话题围绕“Never go out there to see what happens，go out there to make things happen.”这句话展开，规定考生进行评论，同步在题目规定中也明确给出了作文主题the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life.考生应当明确这一主题，并围绕其展开论述.一、点明主题：不做看客，要做实践者(being participants instead of onlookers in life)二、分析原因三、提出问题和提议主题词汇put…into practice将……付诸实践carry out执行；实现gain获得accumulate积累gradually逐渐地make a progress获得进步theory理论action行动would rather…t han比起……更情愿……stand by袖手旁观句式拓展1.For some people, watching what happens to others is good enough to learn a lesson, while for others, only practicing by themselves can finally make them get the real skills in对某些人而言，看发生在他人身上旳事情足以让他们吸取教训，而对于其他人而言，他们只有亲身实践才能最终得到生活中旳真正技能.2.No matter how many authentic theories you've got before,nothing will happen until you put them into practice.无论你曾经接受了多少权威旳理论，若不付诸实践，一切都无济于事.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionM: I don't know what to do with Timmy.This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.W: Don't be so hard on him.He's only four.Q: What does the woman mean?C.四个选项中出现了children，careful，juice和Timmy等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与孩子旳行为有关.对话中，男士埋怨说他都不懂得该拿蒂米怎么办了，今天早上，他发现桔子汁在厨房洒了一地，而女士则说，别对蒂米太严厉了，他才四岁.由此可见，女士认为男士不用小题大做，故答案为C..2.W: Excuse me, sir.I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.M: I'll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.Q: What is the woman interested in?A.四个选项均为名词短语，且出现了fitness，job，computer和club等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与健身或者工作有关.对话中，女士向男士问询俱乐部健身锻炼旳事情，男士则说他会带着女士去找专门负责新会员旳经理.由此可知，女士是对俱乐部健身锻炼感爱好，故答案为A..3.W: It's really cold in this apartment.Can we turn up the heat a little bit? M: Sorry.I've run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill.Maybe you'd better put on a sweater.Q: what does the man mean?B.四个选项中出现了sweater，save，fuel bills和heating等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与寒冷天气以及取暖有关.对话中，女士说她觉得很冷，问能不能把暖气开大一点，而男士则表达抱歉，说自己没钱了，都快付不起燃料费账单了，提议女士穿上毛衣.由此可知，男士想要节省燃料费，故答案为B.4.M: I'm sorry, Miss.But you have to come with me to the security office.The video cameras in our shophave recorded everything you did.W: No, no.I...I didn't do anything.I'll call the police if you dare insult me.Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?A.四个选项均为动名词短语，且出现了theft，pictures，shopping和camera 等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与商店里发生旳事情有关.对话中，男士要将女士带到保安室去，并说商店里旳摄像头已经把女士所做旳事都录下来了，而女士则表达自己什么都没有做，假如男士敢欺侮她旳话，她就报警.由此可知，男士认为女士偷了商店里旳东西，故答案为A.5.M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.W: Well, I'll wait a few more days.I'm sure I'll get over it soon.Q: What do we learn about the woman?B.选项均以she开头，且出现了medicine，doctor和cough等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与女士旳健康状况有关.男士说女士应当立即去看医生，而女士则说再等几天，她相信自己旳咳嗽很快就会好旳.由此可知，直到本对话发生时，女士都还没有去看医生，故答案为B..6.M: I've heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.W: Well, she wouldn't have if she hadn't been in such a hunt to get it done. Q: What does the woman imply?D.四个选项均提到了Pamela，且出现了report，hurry，writing和mistakes 等词，故推测本题考察旳内容与帕米拉旳汇报有关.对话中，男士说他听说帕米拉旳试验汇报出了诸多错，而女士则说，假如她不是那么急着做完旳话，就不会出这样多旳错.由此可知，帕米拉试验汇报中旳错误本来是可以防止旳，故答案为D..7.M: We'd better check out before 12 o'clock, Marry.And now there are only 30 minutes left.W: Let's hurry up.You go pay the bill and I'll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.Q : Where did this conversation most probably take place?C.四个选项均是表达地点旳介词短语，故推测本题考察旳内容与对话发生旳地点有关.对话中，男士说他们最佳能在中午l2点之前退房，目前只剩半小时了，女士提议加迅速度，并让男士去付账，她自己给前台打电话，叫人把行李送到楼下.由此可知，对话发生旳时候，两人还没有开始办理退房手续，还在宾馆旳房间里，故答案为C..8.W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?M: Yeah.She's excellent.She gets her point across and it's entertaining at the same time.Q: what does the man say about the speaker?D.四个选项均以she开头，且出现了college，works，speech和message等词，可以推测本题考察旳内容与女士旳状况有关.对话中，女士问男士此前与否听过这个演讲者旳讲座，男士说他听过，并认为这位演讲旳女士很棒，她不仅将自己旳观点体现得很清晰，并且讲得很有趣.由此可知，这位女演讲者擅长传达自己想要传达旳信息，故答案为D..Conversation One。
2021年12月英语四级真题答案及解析(卷三)
2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第3套)Part ⅠWriting这是一篇四级考试中常见的议论文.话题围绕“Never go out there to see what happens，go out there to make things happen.”这句话展开，要求考生进行评论，同时在题目要求中也明确给出了作文主题the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life.考生应该明确这一主题，并围绕其展开论述.一、点明主题：不做看客，要做实践者(being participants instead of onlookers in life)二、分析原因三、提出问题和建议主题词汇put…into practice将……付诸实践carry out执行；实现gain获得accumulate积累gradually逐渐地make a progress取得进步theory理论action行动would rather…than比起……更情愿……stand by袖手旁观句式拓展1.For some people, watching what happens to others is good enough to learn a lesson, while for others, only practicing by themselves can finally make them get the real skills in对一些人而言，看发生在别人身上的事情足以让他们吸取教训，而对于其他人而言，他们只有亲身实践才能最终得到生活中的真正技能.2.No matter how many authentic theories you've got before,nothing will happen until you put them into practice.无论你曾经接受了多少权威的理论，若不付诸实践，一切都无济于事.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionM: I don't know what to do with Timmy. This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.W: Don't be so hard on him. He's only four.Q: What does the woman mean?C.四个选项中出现了children，careful，juice和Timmy等词，故推测本题考查的内容与孩子的行为相关.对话中，男士抱怨说他都不知道该拿蒂米怎么办了，今天早上，他发现桔子汁在厨房洒了一地，而女士则说，别对蒂米太严厉了，他才四岁.由此可见，女士认为男士不用小题大做，故答案为C..2.W: Excuse me, sir. I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.M: I'll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.Q: What is the woman interested in?A.四个选项均为名词短语，且出现了fitness，job，computer和club 等词，故推测本题考查的内容与健身或者工作相关.对话中，女士向男士询问俱乐部健身锻炼的事情，男士则说他会带着女士去找专门负责新会员的经理.由此可知，女士是对俱乐部健身锻炼感兴趣，故答案为A..3.W: It's really cold in this apartment. Can we turn up the heat a little bit?M: Sorry. I've run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill. Maybe you'd better put on a sweater.Q: what does the man mean?B.四个选项中出现了sweater，save，fuel bills和heating等词，故推测本题考查的内容与寒冷天气以及取暖相关.对话中，女士说她觉得很冷，问能不能把暖气开大一点，而男士则表示抱歉，说自己没钱了，都快付不起燃料费账单了，建议女士穿上毛衣.由此可知，男士想要节省燃料费，故答案为B.4.M: I'm sorry, Miss. But you have to come with me to the security office. The video cameras in our shop have recorded everything you did.W: No, no. I...I didn't do anything. I'll call the police if you dare insult me.Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?A.四个选项均为动名词短语，且出现了theft，pictures，shopping和camera等词，故推测本题考查的内容与商店里发生的事情相关.对话中，男士要将女士带到保安室去，并说商店里的摄像头已经把女士所做的事都录下来了，而女士则表示自己什么都没有做，如果男士敢侮辱她的话，她就报警.由此可知，男士认为女士偷了商店里的东西，故答案为A.5.M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.W: Well, I'll wait a few more days.I'm sure I'll get over it soon.Q: What do we learn about the woman?B.选项均以she开头，且出现了medicine，doctor和cough等词，故推测本题考查的内容与女士的健康状况相关.男士说女士应该马上去看医生，而女士则说再等几天，她相信自己的咳嗽很快就会好的.由此可知，直到本对话发生时，女士都还没有去看医生，故答案为B..6.M: I've heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.W: Well, she wouldn't have if she hadn't been in such a hunt to get it done.Q: What does the woman imply?D.四个选项均提到了Pamela，且出现了report，hurry，writing和mistakes等词，故推测本题考查的内容与帕米拉的报告相关.对话中，男士说他听说帕米拉的实验报告出了很多错，而女士则说，如果她不是那么急着做完的话，就不会出这么多的错.由此可知，帕米拉实验报告中的错误本来是可以避免的，故答案为D..7.M: We'd better check out before 12 o'clock, Marry. And now there are only 30 minutes left.W: Let's hurry up. You go pay the bill and I'll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.Q : Where did this conversation most probably take place?C.四个选项均是表示地点的介词短语，故推测本题考查的内容与对话发生的地点相关.对话中，男士说他们最好能在中午l2点之前退房，现在只剩半小时了，女士建议加快速度，并让男士去付账，她自己给前台打电话，叫人把行李送到楼下.由此可知，对话发生的时候，两人还没有开始办理退房手续，还在宾馆的房间里，故答案为C..8.W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?Q: what does the man say about the speaker?D.四个选项均以she开头，且出现了college，works，speech和message 等词，可以推测本题考查的内容与女士的情况相关.对话中，女士问男士以前是否听过这个演讲者的讲座，男士说他听过，并认为这位演讲的女士很棒，她不仅将自己的观点表达得很清楚，而且讲得很有趣.由此可知，这位女演讲者擅长传达自己想要传达的信息，故答案为D.. Conversation OneM: (8) What should I do about Mr. Romero? Remember? He said it was important and couldn't wait. I think he may want you for that new movie he's directing.W: That's absolutely correct.(9) Now, we have to fit him in somewhere. Uh...what does Monday morning look like?M: That doesn't look so good. You have a make-up session starting at 6:00, then filming starts at 8:00, and that's going to take the whole morning.W: Well, what's after that?M: (10) You have lunch with your agent to discuss the awards ceremony and you'll have to meet him at one o'clock at the restaurant.M: Well, now, don't forget you got a three-o'clock appointment with your fashion designer.W: That's right. You know he's showing the latest fashions from Japan? You know that loose-fitting look?Those clothes are so in this year.M: At 4:30 you have an appointment with your hairdresser. Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist. Now remember, be nice to that guy.W: Do I have to? That won't be easy and it's likely to run late. How does Tuesday look?M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning at the photographer's. They are taking photos to publicize your new movie.W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?M: Let me see...Yes, you are free after 3:30.W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00.M: OK.(11) I'll get on it right away.预览三道题各选项，其中出现了the woman’s appointment，her travel，awards ceremony和make-up session等词，因此推测对话内容可能与女士的工作安排相关.9.What are the speakers doing?A.对话开头男士说罗梅罗先生急着见女士，可能是想让女士出演他导演的新电影，女士说一定得把他安排进来.由此可以推断，对话中的两人正在安排女士的时间，好让她能够与罗梅罗先生见面，故答案为A..10.What is the woman going to discuss with her agent over lunch on Monday?B.对话中，男士告诉女士她周一需要和自己的经纪人吃午饭，讨论一下关于颁奖仪式的事情，故答案为B..11.What do we learn from the conversation about the man?C.对话中，男士和女士一起讨论女士的日程安排，从第一句罗梅罗先生想要让女士出演他导演的新电影可知，女士是位电影演员，而男士对女士的日程安排非常了解，并且由最后一句可知，男士服从女士的安排.综合这些内容可以推断出，男士是女士的助理，故答案为C..Conversation TwoM: I'm phoning up about this job you advertised in the paper. This...er...young sales manager?W: Oh, yes.M: I'd like to apply for it. Would you send me an application form?W: (12) No. You simply send in a written application, a letter.M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?W: (13) Well, we are very looking for someone who isn't too concerned about working fairly long hours.M: What do you mean by long hours?W: (13) This is a job which does, as the advertisement says, have travel possibilities, and very often, one would be away at weekends, for instance.M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?W: (15) Well, this is to be negotiated. Uh, it depends partly on your experience and education. Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?M: I've just left school and got A level in geography.W: Oh, I see.M: (14) And it's the travel that appeals to me. That's why I'm inquiring about the job. W: Yes, I see. What sort of a salary were you thinking in terms of?M: Starting off, I thought it would be something like ￡500 a week?W: Well, send in a written application and then we'll consider your case along with all the other applicants.M: All right. Many thanks. Goodbye.W: Bye.预览四道题各选项，其中出现了interview，application，experienced，pay和working hours等词，由此推测对话可能与工作求职相关.12.What does the woman say an applicant should do first to apply for the job?B.对话开头，男士表示他对女士公司销售经理的职位感兴趣，请女士给她发一份申请表，而女士则让男士直接寄一封书面的求职申请信.因此，如果男士想要申请这份工作，他首先应该做的就是寄一份书面申请信，故答案为B.. 13.What kind of a person is the company looking for?D.对话中女士明确说，他们需要能够长时间工作的员工，而当男士要求她再进一步解释的时候，她说这份工作经常需要在周末出差.由此可知，这份工作需要能够在非正常工作时间加班，故答案为D.14.What does the man like most about the job?A.对话中，男士明确表示职位广告中出差这一要求吸引了他，这也正是他想要得到这份工作的原因，故答案为A..15.What does the woman say about the salary if the man is accepted by the company?D.对话中男士问到了薪水问题，而女士回答说这还有待讨论，部分取决于男士的工作经历以及教育背景.由此可以推断，即使男士得到了这一职位，他的薪水待遇也不是明确规定好了的，而是得再商议，故答案为D..Passage OneBut that shouldn't be too surprising. Any really profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden.预览四道题各选项，由选项中出现的customers，shelves，buy，shoppinglists和bargains等词，可以推测短文可能与购物行为相关.16.Why are essential goods displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket?B.短文开头提到，超市希望顾客看到尽可能多的商品，这就是为什么他们会把生活必需品分散摆放的原因，故答案为B..17.Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found?C.短文中提到，利润高的商品所摆放的位置都是顾客容易够到的地方，也就是在那些容易接触到的货架上，故答案为C.18.What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?A.短文中提到，虽然很多人在去超市之前会列一张购物清单，但还是有60％左右的购买行为是在购物现场决定的.因此，大部分去超市购物的人都有冲动消费的行为，故答案为A.19.What shouldn't be too surprising according to the speaker?D.短文临近结尾时提到了一次采访，接受采访的顾客通常感觉自己仅在超市里待了半个小时，而实际上他们已经待了超过45分钟了.因此，调查发现，顾客在超市中没有了时间感，而这一现象并不奇怪，故答案为D.Passage Two(20) When Matty Sallin was working on a degree in art and technology at university, he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: Create something for the house hold. He decided to create an alarm clock."Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, and it's extremely unpleasant!" he says.(21)He asked different people what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm. A lot of them said, "The smell of bacon." (22) So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock: a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock that uses the smell of cooking bacon rather than sound to wake someone up. He explains, "There's nodanger of burning, because I built it carefully. It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking and turns off automatically after ten minutes." Just a few easy steps are required to set the "alarm"."What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips the night before," says Sallin. Bacon is preserved, so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight."If you set the alarm for 8: 00, it will turn on at 7: 50 and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. Then the bulbs turn off and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig."So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Sallin."Then you can open the door on the side and pull the bacon out and eat it."预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的designs，clocks，alarm clock，pig face，automatic mechanism和manufacturing process等词，可以推测短文的内容与某种闹钟的创新设计相关.20.What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock?C.短文一开始就说，马蒂·赛尔林在大学攻读艺术和技术学位时，曾有一项有趣的任务是发明家用器具，因此，他决定发明一个闹钟.由此可知，他当时还在读大学，故答案为C.21.What did Matty Sallin do before making the new type of alarm clock?D.短文中提到，在马蒂·赛尔林决定设计一款新闹钟时，他先征求了不同的人关于闹钟的想法，然后才开始动手制作，故答案为D..22.What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique?C.短文提到，在征求了多人的意见后，赛尔林发现人们对闹钟感到最不满的是它吵闹的叫醒方式，而且人们最希望在受到烤腌肉香味的诱惑中醒来，所以，他才自己动手创造出了一款能够定时烤制腌肉，然后将香味散发出去，使人从梦中醒来的闹钟，故答案为C..Passage ThreeThe first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. (23) The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, itusually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind ofloneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.(24) People who experience habitual loneliness have problem socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it.预览三道题各选项，其中出现了大量带有负面含义的词，如cannot mixwell，irrationally annoy，depend heavily on，blame others，doubt和psychologically weak等，并且第23题的各选项中还出现了treatment一词，据此推断本文可能与某种不正常的精神状态相关.23.What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?A.短文中提到了三种类型的孤独，其中第二类为情景孤独，而短文中在对这一类孤独的介绍中指出，它通常是由于环境的变化所引起的，故答案为A..24.What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?A.短文中在提到habitual loneliness时说，那些经历习惯性孤独的人在社交方面存在问题，无法亲近他人，也就是说，他们不合群，不能与他人融洽地交往，故答案为A..25.Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?B.短文末尾部分提到，心理学家发现，虽然孤独的人可能有许多社交，但他们有时觉得自己应该有更多的社交，他们质疑自己的受欢迎程度.故答案为B..26.locked away.此处应该填人动词的过去分词或词组，与句中的typed并列，构成被动语态.locked away意为“把……锁起来”.27.forgotten此处应该填入动词过去分词构成的形容词，表示状态.forgotten意为“被遗忘的”.该句指出，个人信息放在那里多年，根本就没有重见天日的机会.因此，它们是“被遗忘的”.28.Responsible for.该空所在句是一个倒装句，其正常语序应该是The astonishingly 29development in recent years of the computer has been 28 the change.所以该空应该填人一个形容词或词组作表语.responsible for意为“对……负责，对……承担责任”.29.swift.此处应该填入形容词，被副词astonishingly修饰的同时，修饰名词development，合在一起，表示“惊人地快速发展”.swift意为“快速的”.30.collected.此处应该填入动词的过去分词，与is一起构成被动语态.collected意为“收集”.31.institutions.此处应该填入一个名词，被lending修饰.institutions意为“机构”.ernment agencies.此处应该填入一个名词或名词词组，与前面的名词或词组并列.government agencies意为“政府机构”.33.invasion .此处应填入一个名词，被形容词frightening修饰.invasion意为“侵犯”.34.efficient.此处应填入一个形容词，被前面的副词increasingly修饰.efficient意为“有效率的”.35.questioned.此处应填人一个形容词或动词分词形式作people的后置定语.questioned意为“被问到的”.Part ⅢReading Comprehension名词：B. amount量；F. differences区别；G. favorite特别喜爱的东西；O. theories 理论动词：A. advocate提倡，主张；C. confirmed确认，批准；H. happening发生；K. obtaining获取；M. protest抗议；N. rejected拒绝，驳回.形容词：D. crazy发狂的，发疯的；E. definite确定的；G. favorite最喜欢的副词：I. immediately马上，立即；J. naturally自然地；L. primarily主要地36.G.favorite.形容词辨析题.该空前面是所有格形式baby’s，后面是名词toy，故推测空格处为形容词.根据常识推断，婴儿的玩具一般都是他们喜欢的，故答案为favorite“最喜欢的”.备选形容词中，crazy“发狂的，发疯的”和definite“确定的”均与句意不符，可以排除.37.M.protest.动词辨析题.该空前面是情态动词may，故空格处应填入动词原形.根据下文可知，孩子认为妹妹分到了更多果汁，因此一定会表示不满，由此确定protest“抗议”为答案.备选动词中，只有两个动词原形，而advocate意思为“主张”，不符合句意，可以排除.38.B.amount.名词辨析题.该空前面为冠词the，后面为介词of，故推测空格处应填入名词.根据句意：4岁大的孩子也许会抗议说妹妹分到了更多果汁，仅仅是因为玻璃杯的形状不同，而不是果汁的——.形状不同，也许容量是一样的，由此确定amount“量”为答案.备选名词中，differences“不同”和theories“理论”均不符合句意，可以排除.39.O.theories名词辨析题.空格前为形容词child-sized，空格后为介词about，故推测该空格处为名词.根据句意：孩子们就像一些很棒的小科学家一样，总是会验证他们孩子们般大小的事物运转的——.由此可知，theories“理论”符合句意，故为答案.备选名词differences“区别”不符合句意，可以排除.40.I.immediately.副词辨析题.空格前是will，空格后是test，故该空格处应填入副词.联系上下文，孩子一而再地把勺子扔到地上，直到父母说不再捡起，随后，孩子便有了各种疑问，故可知孩子会马上验证父母的话.由此确定immediately“马上，立即”为答案.备选副词中，naturally“自然地”和primarily"主要地”均不符合句意，可以排除.41.D.crazy.形容词辨析题.空格前为drive you，可以联想到固定结构drive sb.+ adj..根据上文可推知，孩子扔勺子继而试探家长的反应，并不是为了让他们抓狂，由此确定crazy“发狂的，发疯的”为答案.备选形容词definite“确定的”不符合句意，可以排除.42.F. differences.名词辨析题.空格前为those，空格后是系动词are，故空格处应填人名词.上文提到，she is learning that her desires and yours Can differ“她正是在了解她的需求和你的需求是会不同的”，此处指不同之处，所以differences“区别”为答案.43.J. naturally.副词辨析题.空格前为主语abilities和动词unfold，根据句子结构可判断空格处为副词.该句句意为：孩子们的认知能力会像花朵一样绽放，可知这一定是个自然的过程，由此确定naturally“自然地”为答案.备选副词primarily“主要地”不符合句意，可以排除.44.H. happening动词辨析题.空格前为what else is，空格后为介词短语，故推测该空格处为动词的分词形式或形容词.上文指出，孩子们的认知能力像花朵绽放一样，与生命中其他——的事情毫无关联.备选项中，happening“发生”符合句意，故为答案.备选的动词分词形式中，confirmed意思是“确认，批准”；obtaining意思是“获取”；rejected意思是“拒绝，驳回”，形容生活中的事情都太过于具体，不符合句意，可以排除.45.N. rejected.动词辨析题.空格前是have been，空格后是or modified，故该空格处应填入动词的过去分词.根据句意，尽管多年来他的很多具体结论被——或是修改，他的想法仍然启发了全世界研究者们的诸多研究.由此确定rejected“拒绝，驳回”为本题答案.备选动词过去分词中，confirmed意思为“确认，批准”，不符合句意，可以排除.46.The author was advised against theimproper use of figures of speech.作者被建议不要使用不合适的修辞.由题干中的figures of speech定位到文章I段画线处.47.The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.作者的母亲通过指出他看似完美的论文中的错误，给他上了宝贵的一课.由题干中的flaws和perfect essay定位到文章C.段画线处.48.Awritershouldpolishhiswriting repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.一个作家应该反复打磨自己的作品，从而更加接近完美.由题干中的repeatedly和perfection定位到文章K段画线处.作家们一生中也许会经历一段无法创作的时期。
公共英语3级考试和英语四级
公共英语3级考试和英语四级
公共英语三级和英语四级都是英语水平考试，但它们有以下主要区别：
1.考试性质和目的：公共英语三级是公共英语等级考试，主要测试考生的英语实际应
用能力，特别是听力、阅读、写作和口试等能力。
而英语四级是大学英语教学水平考试，主要测试学生在校期间的英语水平和学习成果。
2.考试难度：公共英语三级的难度高于英语四级。
公共英语三级要求考生具备相当于
大学英语四级水平的词汇量，但比大学英语四级更注重实际应用能力的测试。
3.适用人群：公共英语三级适用于所有希望提高英语水平的人群，特别是那些希望在
工作中使用英语或出国留学的人员。
而英语四级主要适用于在校大学生和研究生。
4.考试形式和内容：公共英语三级和英语四级都包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译等部分，
但具体的题型和难度不同。
公共英语三级的听力部分包括填空、听写、多项选择等题型，而英语四级只有多项选择和简短回答等题型。
公共英语三级的阅读部分包括多项选择、填空、简答等题型，而英语四级只有多项选择和匹配等题型。
公共英语三级的写作部分要求考生写一篇200字左右的短文，而英语四级要求写一篇120字左右的短文。
总的来说，公共英语三级和英语四级都是重要的英语水平考试，但它们的考试性质、难度、适用人群和形式内容等方面有所不同。
考生可以根据自己的需求和实际情况选择适合自己的考试。
大学英语英语四级(含答案) (3)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. They were rather disappointed ________ the result of the test.A. inB. onC. atD. for2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to________ sincerity.A. lack ofB. by lack ofC. lack inD. be lacking in3. At an early age she already showed a talent ______ music.A. inB. forC. onD. of4. I feel rather doubtful ________ the result of the experiment.A. aboutB. atC. withD. for5. ______ the severe cold, tourism was ________ full swing.A. Though, onB. Despite, onC. Though, inD. Despite, in6. Passengers may leave bulky articles under the stairs ______ the conductor's permission.A. atB. withC. onD. in7. You won't get in _____ the end of the act.A. tillB. atC. byD. in8. He said he was in debt and asked me for a loan ______ $50.A. onB. forC. withD. of9. What tremendous achievements we have made _______ all fronts in the past few years!A. inB. onC. atD. of10. John is unfortunately devoid _______ a sense of humour.A. withB. ofC. toD. from11. It will rain, _____ the barometer is falling.A. soB. forC. asD. since12. We won't encourage him to do that _______ he is in good health.A. even ifB. in caseC. even thoughD. when13. Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic region fine harbors, ______ a first-class system of inland waterways.A. however endowed it onB. so endowing this onC. thus endowing this onD. but endowed it with14. I have little doubt about his competence; ____ he is well-qualified for the job.A. althoughB. moreoverC. yetD. because15. I am telling you this _______ you should make a mistake.A. so thatB. thoughC. untilD. lest16. Neon is said to be inert _______ does not react easily with other substances.A. because of itB. it is becauseC. because itD. is because it17. "Would you rather watch T.V or go for a walk?" "______ the T.V program is good this afternoon, I think I need the exercise more."A. Even thoughB. No matter howC. DespiteD. In spite of18. If ___, he promised that he would do all he could to promote public welfare.A. electedB. being electedC. having electedD. to be elected19.--i introduce myself? My name is Meg Johnson.( )Nice to meet you, Mr. Johnson.A. Must isB. ShouldC. Need netD. Mays20.The boss made them.___ten hours day. ( )A.worked toB.workingC.workD.to work二、翻译（共计10分）1. 电影开演半小时了。
专业英语四级-3
专业英语四级-3(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.50）A.They have all read the book.B.These all rooms are luxurious. √C.The visitors are all from China.D.All the people stare at him.解析：[解析] 考查all的用法。
all用作主语同位语时，其位置不一定是紧跟在主语之后，通常会放在行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，故A、C表达正确。
当all与定冠同、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词连用时，all需放在这些词之前，并且一般可在它们之间加介词of，也可省略。
B错误，应为All (of) these rooms。
2.In " What do you think will be discussed in the meeting next week?", the italicized word is ______ of the sentence.（分数：2.50）A.the subject √B.the complementC.an objectD.an attribute解析：[解析] 句子成分分析题。
do you think是插入语，what在句中作主语，即what will be discussed，故答案为A。
3.Kate is ______ diligent than her brother, but she didn"t pass the exam.（分数：2.50）A.no less √B.no moreC.not lessD.no so解析：[解析] 考查no less than与not less than的区别。
2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)
2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Communication. You should write at least 120 words but not more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力共两套，已放在第一二套，此套不再重复。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world's factories 26 . And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more 27 and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long 28 a world where you can make anything; anywhere, from a computerised design. That vision is 29 closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be 30 many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31 of factory life.Greater efficiency 32 means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see 33 and robots as a solution. But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34 opportunity to make the world a better place. "Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past. You can see it changing. That's an opportunity to 35 that system differently, and if we can, it will have tremendous significance. "A. automationB. concernsC. enormouslyD. fantasticE. fascinatedF. featureG. flexibleH. inevitablyI. interactionJ. leaningK. matters L. moving M. promised N. shape O. spared Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The History of the Lunch BoxA) It was made of shiny, bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front, and Icarried it with me nearly every single day. My lunch box was one of my first prized possessions, a proud statement to everyone in my kindergarten; "I love Mermaid-Ariel on my lunch box"B) That bulky container served me well through my first and second grades, until the live-actionversion of 101 Dalmatians hit theaters, and I needed the newest red plastic box with characters like Pongo and Perdita on the front. I know I'm not alone here-I bet you loved your first lunch box, too.C) Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes fordecades. But it wasn't always that way. Once upon a time, they weren't even boxes. As schools have changed in the past century, the midday meal container has evolved right along with them.D) Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really. While there were neighborhood schools in cities and suburbs, one-room schoolhouses were common in rural areas. As grandparents have been saying for generations, kids would travel miles to school in the countryside (often on foot.)E) "You had kids in rural areas who couldn't go home from school for lunch, so bringing yourlunch wrapped in a cloth, in oiled paper, in a little wooden box or something like that was a very long-standing rural tradition," says Paula Johnson, head of food history section at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D. C.F) City kids, on the other hand, went home for lunch and came back. Since they rarely carried ameal, the few metal lunch buckets on the market were mainly for tradesmen and factory workers.G) After World War I, a bunch of changes reshaped schools-and lunches. More women joined theworkforce. Small schools consolidated into larger ones, meaning more students were farther away from home.' And the National School Lunch Act in 1946 made cafeterias much more common. Still, there wasn't much of a market for lunch containers-yet. Students who carried their lunch often did so in a re-purposed bucket or tin of some kind.H) And then everything changed in the year of 1950. You might as well call it the Year of theLunch Box, thanks in large part to a genius move by a Nashville-based manufacturer, Aladdin Industries. The company already made square metal meal containers, the kind workers carried, and some had started to show up in the hands of school kids.I) But these containers were really durable, lasting years on end. That was great for theconsumer, not so much for the manufacturer. So executives at Aladdin hit on an idea that would harness the newfound popularity of television. They covered lunch boxes with striking red paint and added a picture of TV and radio cowboy Hopalong Cassidy on the front.J) The company sold 600,000 units the first year. It was a major "Ah-ha!" moment, and a wave of other manufacturers jumped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies."ThePartridge Family, the Addams Family, the Six Million Dollar Man, the Bionic Woman-everything that was on television ended up on a lunch box,"says Allen Woodall. He's the founder of the Lunch Box Museum in Columbus, Georgia."It was a great marketing tool because kids were taking that TV show to school with them, and then when they got home they had them captured back on TV," he says.K) And yes, you read that right: There is a hunch box museum, right near the Chattahoochee River, Woodall has more than 2,000 items on display. His favorite? The Green Hornet lunch box, because he used to listen to the radio show back in the 1940s.L）The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence, that is, to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing. Kids would beg for a new lunch box every year to keep up with the newest characters, even if their old lunch box was perfectly usable.M) The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s，when plastic took over. Two theories exist as to why. The first-and most likely-is that plastic had simply become cheaper. The second theory possibly an urban myth-is that concerned parents in several states proposed bans on metal lunch boxes, claiming kids were using them as "weapons" to hit one another.There's a lot on the internet about a state-wide ban in Florida, but a few days worth of digging by a historian at the Florida State Historical Society found no such legislation. Either way, the metal lunch box was out.N) The last few decades have brought a new lunch box revolution, of sorts. Plastic boxes changed to lined cloth sacks, and eventually, globalism brought tiffin containers from India and bento boxes from Japan. Even the old metal lunch boxes have regained popularity."I don't think the heyday（盛时期）has passed," says D.J.Jayasekara, owner and founder of , a retailer in Pasadena, California. "I think it has evolved. The days of the ready-made, 'you stick it in a lunch box and carry it to school' are kind of done. "O) The introduction of backpacks changed the hunch box scene a bit, he adds. Once kids started carrying book bags, that bulky traditional hunch box was hard to fit inside. "But you can't just throw a sandwich in a backpack," Jayasekara says. "It still has to go into a container."That is, in part, why smaller and softer containers have taken off-they fit into backpacks.P) And don't worry-whether it's a plastic bento box or a cloth bag, lunch containers can still easily be covered with popular culture. "We keep pace with the movie industries so we can predict which characters are going to be popular for the coming months," Jayasekara says."You know, kids are kids."36. Lunch containers were not necessary for school kids in cities.37. Putting TV characters on lunch boxes proved an effective marketing strategy.38. Smaller hunch boxes are preferred because they fit easily into backpacks.39. Lunch boxes have evolved along with the transformation of schools.40. Around the beginning of the nineteen fifties, some school kids started to use metal mealcontainers.41. School kids are eager to get a new lunch box every year to stay in fashion.42. Rural kids used to walk a long way to school in the old days.43. The author was proud of using a hunch box in her childhood.44. The most probable reason for the popularity of plastic hunch boxes is that they are lessexpensive.45. The durability of metal meal containers benefited consumers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.A growing number of U. S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept.Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U. S. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year.The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales.But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U. S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C., and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (踏板) to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. "When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike."Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that U. S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike.Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he' Il make an ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't their thing," Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills."46. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A. Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B. They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.C. They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D. Their widespread use is attributable to people's environmental awareness.47. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?A. Updated technology of bike manufacture.B. The falling prices of ebike batteries.C. Changed fashion in short-distance travel.D. The rising costs for making electric cars.48. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?A. More will be invested in bike battery research.B. The sales of ebikes will increase.C. It will profit from ebike sharing.D. It will make a difference in people's daily lives.49. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?A. Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.B. High profits from conventional bikes.C. Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.D. His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.50. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A. The further lowering of ebike prices.B. The public's concern for their health.C. The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D. The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published by Science. In 1979，a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while "climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase，such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification（酸化）.During the following decades，some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate.Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example，the language and polls expert Frank Luntz's wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming," reported the Guardian.However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart showsthat by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently，and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The debate isn't new. A century ago，chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans weren't producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.51. Why did politicians use the two terms "global warming" and "climate change"?A. To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.B. To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.C. To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.D. To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.52. As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term "climate change" differs from "global warming" in that .A. it sounds less vague.B. it looks more scientific.C. it covers more phenomena.D. it is much closer to reality.53. What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?A. Made-up survey results.B. Hired climate experts.C. False research findings.D. Deliberate choice of words.54. Why did NASA choose the term "climate change"?A. To obtain more funds.B. For greater precision.C. For political needs.D. To avoid debate.55. What is the author's final conclusion?A. Global warming is the more accurate term.B. Accuracy of terminology matters in science.C. Human activities have serious effects on Earth.D. Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.Part IV Translation（30 minutes）Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。
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第一类：日常生活历年四级作文话题中，有4篇为日常生活类。
The Tape RecorderChanges in People's DietThe World Is Getting Smaller and SmallerMy Most Favorite Programme这些话题都是关于我们日常生活中的变化，尤其是物质上的变化。
有的甚至伴有图表，让大家看图写作文。
我们先来看一篇范文：From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in people‘s diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%， while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%。
What has caused the great changes in people‘s diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in people‘s income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in people‘s diet consequently dropped。
So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health. 从范文中我们可以对这类话题有个大概了解。
日常生活类文章一般可以写成描述性文章。
如果有图表，那么我们一般需要准备的工作有一下几方面：1.审题在看到这篇作文要求的时候，不要盲目的下笔，而是仔细揣摩一下题目想让我们表达哪方面的意思，也就是侧重点。
拿上面的范文来说，侧重点就是人们生活水平提高了，国家富强了。
那么我们写作的中心就要围绕着这个侧重点而来。
2.构思在写之前，心里要有一个谱-我要写几段？每段描写什么？有什么主题句？这三个问题也是写其他类型作文的基本步骤。
因为考试时间只有30分钟，所以不允许我们浪费一分一秒。
有的考生就是因为没构思好，写到一半想要重新来写，结果时间不够，而且卷面很乱，心里最后慌为一团。
3.亮点一篇作文贵在有亮点，吸引人。
四级作文评分时，阅卷老师分配给每篇作文的时间很短。
那么我们就要考虑如何来用自己的亮点赢得阅卷老师的好评。
这是一个小小的捷径。
我们可以看一下上面的范文：三段中都围绕着饮食水平展开。
从一个方面扩大到大方向：社会在进步，人民生活水平在提高。
其中第二段的第一句话也就是本段的主题句(What has caused the great changes in people‘s diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in people‘s income level。
)，用问答方式来写，与众不同，会给阅卷老师极深印象。
框架有了，但里面得需要我们填充内容，才能让整篇作文读起来有质感。
句式，单词，复杂句等要配合好。
有的同学平时背了很多好句子，考试时一股脑都搬到作文中，但有的句子不一定适合本篇主题。
说了这么多，现在我们以：Changes in Mass Media 为题来练习一下。
第二类：能源类关于能源的问题成为了近年来大家关心的热点问题。
很多不可再生能源需要大家去保护，节约。
为了帮大家理清写这类作文的思路，我们来看一篇范文：Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It plays an important role in many fields such as industry, agriculture and the daily life of men. Electricity is a source of energy that makes it possible for the factories to turn out products and for people to create comfortable living conditions, for example。
If there were no electric power, things would be quite different. Machines could not run and people would have to fall back on their hands to produce what is essential for them to keep alive. Traffic would have to stop at night because there would be no lights in the street. A world in darkness would no longer be a pleasant one. In a word, things would be in a mess。
Therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity. As electricity is insufficient in our country, we should be frugal in using electricity. We should make great efforts to produce more electricity。
这篇范文讲的是电。
典型的三段论1. How can we use electricity?2. What would happen if there were no electricity?3. We should improve the enery conservation。
(节约能源)从上文中可以看出，有很多关于能源的词汇是我们必须掌握的。
对于这来话题，我们要从一下几方面入手：1. 此能源用来干什么，也就是回答What can we do by using it?2. 没有这类能源，世界或者我们的生活会是什么样，也就是回答What would happen if there were no...?3. 怎样合理利用能源，也就是回答What should we do to improve the enery conservation?由于作文时间很紧，在审题的同时我们就要在心中认真思考这三个问题，并及时想到有哪些词汇或句子可以为我们所用，给文章增色。
最重要的是要有一个大方向-合理利用能源，节约能源。
有了这个框架，在碰到任何关于能源的话题时，我们就不至于手忙脚乱，头脑发懵了。
说了这么多，现在我们以：Energy Shortage 为题来练习一下吧。
第三类：环境污染类环境污染(environment pollution)是指人类直接或间接地向环境排放超过其自净能力的物质或能量，从而使环境的质量降低，对人类的生存与发展、生态系统和财产造成不利影响的现象。
具体包括：水污染、大气污染、噪声污染、放射性污染等。
人类生产活动对自然环境的污染主要包括两个方面：一是工业生产过程中产生的"废水""废气""废渣"(三废)和农业上使用的农药、化肥等对水、大气、土壤、食品的污染；二是在自然资源开发和利用中，产生的对环境的污染。
相信大家对于环保都有一定的认识，也曾读过关于“限塑令”，“节约用水”“保护环境”等为主题的作文。
我们来看一下这篇范文，试着找出其中的优点与不足。
Low-carbon life is the lifestyle of the time to minimize energy consumption, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Low-carbon life, for those of us ordinary people is an attitude to life. It gives us is a willing and we were creating a low carbon life issues。
(低碳生活就是把生活作息时间所耗用的能量要尽量减少，从而减低二氧化碳的排放量。
低碳生活，对于我们这些普通人来说是一种生活态度。