Exadata产品介绍

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Oracle Exadata一体机介绍

• 独特架构保证
• 最快, 最省
不断增加的Exadata用户
各地区，各行业
Exadata V2系统架构
Single Instance Single-Instance Database
RAC RAC Database Database
Database
数据库处理层
超高速并发网络层 880Gb/s/机架 =(8+14)*40Gb/s 智能存储层 1M IOPS/机架 Exadata Cell
• 数据仓库 • 高性能数据库服务
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• 数据库整合
Exadata 数据库一体机
最佳Oracle数据库平台
• Best Machine for Data Warehousing
• Best Machine for OLTP • Best Machine for Database Consolidation
• Exadata Smart Flash Cache
• Breaks random I/O bottleneck by increasing IOPs by up to 20X • Doubles user data scan bandwidths
• Exadata Storage Indexes
InfiniBand Switch/Network
Exadata Cell
Exadata Cell
每Cell能提供
1.5GB/s(非压缩裸盘)‫‏‬ 3.6GB/s(非压缩flash)‫‏‬
存储层智能：每个存储单元包括存储、CPU及相应的软件分布式并发计算：数据库跨越存储单元横向部署，ASM提供镜像保护大规模：智能存储单元数量不受限

甲骨文数据库一体机Exadata X3详解

甲骨文数据库一体机Exadata X3详解相关专题：创业新闻时间：2013-01-03 09:18Exadata是甲骨文在业界最早推出的集成系统，并在甲骨文各大一体机中拥有最大的销售额和最广的大型用户群。

Larry Ellison在OOW 2012上宣布的第四代数据库一体机产品Exadata X3，不仅在硬件、软件等多个层面都进行了大幅升级，还首次针对推出了1/8配置的产品，以满足中型用户的需求。

一体机/集成系统通过标准化的架构集成了服务器、存储、网络、软件等配置减化了数据中心基础设施部署和运维管理的复杂性，成为企业级用户在云计算和大数据时代最受关注的产品之一。

IDC在其对亚太区ICT市场的十大预测中指出，到 2015 年，65%部署在私有云环境中的服务器将成为一体机用户通过一体机架构可通过预配置和优化处理多重工作负载、减少部署时间并增加不动产的投资回报。

目前一体机市场已经形成了供应商百花齐放的局面，甲骨文、IBM、Teradata、EMC以及与微软合作的惠普、戴尔都推出了一体机产品。

而甲骨文是一体机市场的最早倡导者，该公司已经推出了Exadata数据库一体机、Exalogic中间件一体机、Exalytics商务智能一体机、大数据一体机、SuperCluster一体机、ODA （数据库机）等六个系列的集成系统，其中Exadata是该公司最早推出的一体机，并在甲骨文各大集成系统中拥有最大的销售额和最广的大型用户群。

Larry Ellison在2012甲骨文全球大会（OOW2012）上宣布推出的Exadata X3是该公司Exadata最新的第四代产品，不仅在硬件、软件等多个层面都进行了大幅升级，还首次针对推出了1/8配置的产品，便于在中型用户得到更好的市场认可。

图注：甲骨文全球大会（OOW2012）上展出的Exadata X3（蒋湘辉摄）甲骨文自从在收购Sun以来，硬件系统的收入一直呈不断下滑的态势，但甲骨文的Exadata等一体机产品却获得了大幅增长，并提升了甲骨文的整体利润率。

oracle exadata flash 原理

oracle exadata flash 原理Oracle Exadata是一种专为Oracle 数据库设计的高性能硬件和软件解决方案，而 Exadata Flash 是其一部分，指的是采用固态闪存技术作为存储介质的一种存储层面的优化。

Exadata Flash 带来了更高的 I/O 性能和更低的存储延迟，提高了数据库系统的整体性能。

以下是 Oracle Exadata Flash 的一些基本原理：1. 智能存储技术： Exadata Flash 采用智能存储技术，其中存储服务器（Storage Servers）上的闪存设备直接与数据库服务器（Database Servers）通信。

这使得存储层能够更加智能地处理数据库请求，降低数据库服务器和存储服务器之间的数据传输负担。

2. 存储跨节点协调： Exadata 采用了存储服务器协调技术，允许存储服务器之间协同工作，共同处理查询和数据操作。

这种协调有助于减少数据传输和提高并行性，尤其是在多节点配置的 Exadata 系统中。

3. 智能存储索引和过滤：Exadata Flash 使用智能存储索引，可以在存储层面进行数据过滤和查询优化，减少了数据库服务器端的数据传输。

这有助于减轻数据库服务器的工作负担，提高查询性能。

4. 闪存写优化： Exadata Flash 采用了优化的写入算法，减少了写入操作对闪存的影响，提高了写入性能。

这对于OLTP（联机事务处理）等需要高度写入性能的工作负载尤其重要。

5. 存储压缩和列式存储： Exadata 采用了存储压缩和列式存储技术，可以显著减小存储占用空间，提高数据传输效率。

这对于处理大量数据的数据仓库工作负载非常有益。

总体而言，Oracle Exadata Flash 利用先进的存储技术，通过智能存储、存储协调、存储索引、优化的写入算法等手段，提高了Oracle 数据库系统在存储层面的性能和效率。

这些优化有助于满足不同工作负载的需求，包括 OLTP、数据仓库等。

Oracle 数据库一体机 — Exadata

• Sun Oracle Database Machine
– 预配置，提供高性能 – 平衡的系统 – 无限扩展性能，容量、带宽和处理能力
• Exadata Storage Server Software 11gR2
• Exadata Storage Server Software 11gR2 • Oracle Database 11gR2
© 2009 Oracle Corporation - Confidential
6
Exadata 产品
Exadata Storage Server & Database Machine • Exadata Storage Server
– 为Oracle 数据库优化的存储产品 – 提供极限 I/O 和 SQL 执行性能 – 软硬件一体化
数据库处理
超高速并发网络
Exadata Cell
InfiniBand 交换网络
Exadata Cell
Exadata Cell
智能存储
基础技术 – 分布式计算
计算密集型处理 • Exadata 智能存储服务器
– 在存储部件中实现数据密集型处理 • 进行表及索引扫描，过滤查询无关数据
数据密集型处理
• 数据库服务器承担计算密集型处理（同传统结构）
– 50 GB/秒
50 40 30
未压缩数据的查询吞吐量
50
• 与列压缩相结合
21 11.4 7.5 10
20 – 闪存中有超过 50 TB 的数据 10 – 对压缩数据的查询提高到 500 GB/秒
0
HITACHI
USP V
TERADATA NETEZZA SUN ORACLE

Exadata_X3之八分之一配

独特的软件整合
• Smart Scan • InfiniBand Scaleout
• Smart Flash Cache • Storage Index • Columnar Compression
2008
2
2009
2010
Confidential – Oracle Restricted
2011
2012
6
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Confidential – Oracle Restricted
CPU处理能力对比
单台设备设备/组件核数
Sun Server X3-2 (Intel Xeon E5-2690 2.9GHz)
一台满配Exadata 一台1/2配Exadata 对比结果一台1/4配Exadata 一台1/8配Exadata
X3 X3 X3 X3
相当于相当于相当于相当于
4台 2台 1台 1台
P780（64c/台） P780（64c/台） P780（64c/台） P750 (32c/台）
All SPECINT2006 Rates Results Published by SPEC ： /cpu2006/results/rint2006.html
Exadata X3-2 Sun Server X3-2L(Intel Xeon E5-2630L 2.0GHz) Full Rack 满配 Half Rack 半配 Quarter Rack 1/4配 Eighth Rack 1/8配
SPECint SPECint SPECint SPECint SPECint 核数核数核数核数 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006

oracleexadatax4产品介绍

▪ 数据库优化的可用性
– 优先恢复关键数据库文件 (11.2.0.4)
▪ 数据库优化的消息传递
– 关键数据库消息的端到端优先级排序 (11.2.0.4)，包括日志写入和 RAC
Exadata X4 是第五代数据库云服务器
数据仓储 OLTP 数据库整合以闪存为中心
数据库即服务
8 版权所有 © 2014，Oracle 和/或其关联公司。保留所有权利。
大容量磁盘容量增加 33% 672 TB，采用 4TB 磁盘高性能磁盘容量增加 2 倍 200 TB，采用 1.2 TB 磁盘
每台数据库云服务器均为全机架配置
X4-2 计算
数据库内核数增加 50% 192 个内核，采用 12 核 Xeon® CPU 每台服务数据库服务器本地存储容量增大 2 倍器 2.4 TB，采用 600GB 磁盘 InfiniBand PCI-3
(12c)
▪ 数据库优化的 PCI 闪存
– 超高速闪存压缩（X3 和 X4）：数百万次 IO/秒
– 自动缓存表扫描 – 文件初始化速度更快
7 版权所有 © 2014，Oracle 和/或其关联公司。保留所有权利。
▪ 数据库优化的 QoS
– 按按多租户可插拔数据库 (12c) 确定 CPU 和 IO 的优先级
独有的软件优化了数据库处理
▪ 将查询分流到存储中
– 将数据密集的查询操作分流至存储 CPU
– 100 GB/秒 SQL 数据吞吐量 – 存储索引数据忽略
▪ 数据库存储压缩
– 混合列压缩将数据库大小缩小至原来的
1/10，并且提高了分析速度
▪ 数据库优化的 PCI 闪存
– 智能缓存数据库数据 – 每秒 266 万次数据库 IO – 智能闪存日志加快事务处理速度

EXADATA基础知识培训

EXADATA基础知识培训前言EXADATA是一款由Oracle公司开发的高性能数据库解决方案，其强大的处理能力和可靠性使其成为现代企业在数据管理方面的首选。

本次培训将介绍EXADATA的基础知识，包括其特点、架构以及使用方法，帮助您更好地理解和应用EXADATA。

第一章：EXADATA简介1.1 EXADATA的定义EXADATA是一种集成了硬件和软件的一体化数据库解决方案。

它将强大的存储和计算能力集中在一起，并通过高速网络进行连接，实现了高性能和可扩展性。

1.2 EXADATA的特点EXADATA具备以下几个显著特点：1）高性能：EXADATA通过优化的硬件设计和数据存储方式，实现了卓越的查询和分析性能，能够处理大规模的数据请求。

2）可靠性：EXADATA采用了多层次的数据备份和容错机制，确保数据的安全性和可恢复性。

它具备故障转移和自动恢复功能，能够最大程度地减少系统故障对业务的影响。

3）可扩展性：EXADATA支持弹性扩展，可以根据业务需求灵活地增加存储和计算资源，同时保持高性能和可用性。

1.3 EXADATA的应用场景EXADATA广泛应用于大型企业和数据库密集型应用中，特别适用于以下场景：1）大数据分析：由于其卓越的性能和可扩展性，EXADATA能够支持大数据分析任务，提供快速准确的查询结果。

2）在线事务处理（OLTP）：EXADATA具备高并发处理能力，能够支持高速在线事务处理系统的运行，提供稳定可靠的服务。

3）云计算环境：EXADATA可以作为云计算平台的一部分，为不同业务提供高性能的数据存储和处理能力。

第二章：EXADATA架构2.1 EXADATA硬件架构EXADATA的硬件架构由数据库服务器和存储服务器组成。

数据库服务器负责运行数据库实例和处理查询请求，而存储服务器则负责存储数据并提供快速的读写操作。

2.2 EXADATA软件架构EXADATA的软件架构包括数据库软件、操作系统和EXADATA存储软件。

Oracle Exadata X8数据库机器白皮书说明书

Wherever Oracle Databases Live and However They Are Consumed, Exadata X8 Delivers Performance in a League of Its OwnBy Mark Peters, Principal Analyst & Practice DirectorJune 2019This ESG White Paper was commissioned by Oracleand is distributed under license from ESG.™Oracle Databases Achieve Unprecedented Speed Running on the New Exadata Database Machine X8 White PaperContentsIntroduction and Executive Summary (3)Databases: Their Market and Their Varied, Voracious Data Demands (3)The Essence of Exadata, X8, and Cloud-enhancement as Desired (5)The Bigger Truth (7)Introduction and Executive SummaryMany things in IT are talked about a lot just because they have to be, while other things are talked about very little because they cannot be. As examples: There are lengthy written guides and web communities based on myriad approaches to system integration because (let’s face it) a lot of IT over many decades has been about trying to make operational round pegs fit application square holes. On the flip side, “unique” is a word that is eschewed by pretty much everyone except for vendor marketing departments because (let’s face this, too) there’s a lot of similarity across many capabilities from much of the vendor community. The journey may vary a tad, but the destination is often similar.Oracle Exadata Database Machine has now stood for a full decade in stark contrast to both these “norms.” As an Oracle Engineered System, the need to talk about integration is essentially precluded; the same engineers who build Oracle Database also ensure the Exadata is a seamless place to run the software. Control of all the IP means Oracle has a controlled and predictable environment in which to run its Database on Exadata, which in turn means it can deliver features that bring additional business value to its customers and enable them to obtain additional operational benefits and financial payback from their Oracle Database investment.And that’s it in a nutshell: Oracle’s justifiable claim to be providing, with Exadata, the best platform for Oracle Database is derived from it having the same DNA across both elements. That commonality helps make it economically attractive, scalable, and secure. It also generates the contrast that Oracle fairly enjoys making when comparing Oracle Database running on Exadata to Oracle Database running on any other vendor’s equipment; the others are constrained to essentially treat Oracle Database like any other application sitting on a VM or running as a process on generic hardware. Exadata delivers incremental business value when combined with Oracle Database, whether in the cloud or on-premises. The arrival of Exadata X8 provides yet another positive turn of the specification—and hence, value—screw, while Exadata turning ten years old is a timely reminder to review the power of the platform in general. It’s a power borne by suitability; and to appreciate that suitability, a quick reminder of the database market and its data needs is warranted. Databases: Their Market and Their Varied, Voracious Data DemandsThe Database MarketDatabases have long served as the lifeline of crucial business applications, and thus are often a foundation of businesses. Contemporary IT—and the world as we understand it—could not function without databases. But exponential data growth, the need to support more database workloads, and the resulting database sprawl have created significant challenges for IT organizations…challenges that are now complicated and extended by the arrival of multiple iterations of the cloud. With most organizations having mandates to adopt the cloud to some extent—database workloads are no exception—they should look to a partner that can not only meet their on-premises requirements, but also provide a path to a cloud that best fits their needs. And for many, getting an identical user and operational experience would be perfect. Moreover, as much as the IT environment has changed, so have the databases themselves…such as Oracle’s latest 19c iteration. These are not the databases of past generations, and so you wouldn’t want to use obsolete approaches of the past to serve them their lifeblood (i.e., data).Database Data: Proliferation, Demands…and the CloudManaging data growth and database size are far and away the greatest challenges organizations face in their current database environments, cited by 48% of respondents in ESG research (see Figure 1).1 Other key aspects of contemporary database environments include:1 Source: ESG Survey, Enterprise Database Trends, January 2017. All ESG research references and charts in this white paper have been taken from this survey, unless otherwise noted.• Additional top challenges are database performance, supporting databases in cloud environments, and the drive for ever-better security and compliance. This is not a pick-and-mix list; users need solutions to all of these problems from their chosen vendor.• If organizations had only one database, life would certainly be easier; but ESG research shows 55% of organizations have more than 25 databases in production, and having hundreds is not at all rare (see Figure 2). These tools support everything from transactional and analytical workloads to the latest machine learning applications, and they can be running everywhere from on-premises through “cloud-adjacent” environments to the cloud.• Often databases are siloed (with their own infrastructure), which compounds the management complexity and leads to inefficient utilization of hardware and software investments.• Maintaining multiple independent environments results in complex and growing security controls/policies, access needs/rules, and patching requirements, and this only adds to the management headaches IT organizations areforced to either suffer through or try to address.Figure 1. Challenges with Database Environment and Supporting InfrastructureSource: Enterprise Strategy Group48%We do not have any challenges Lack of skilled staffCreating test/development environmentsProvisioning infrastructure on-premisesPatch, maintenance and version update processesSupporting new applications and/or usersMeeting security/compliance requirementsSupporting databases in cloud environmentsMeeting database performance requirementsManaging data growth and database sizeIn general, which of the following challenges does your organization have with its current database environment and supporting infrastructure? (Percent of respondents, N=354, three responses accepted)Figure 2. Number of Production Databases DeployedSource: Enterprise Strategy GroupThe sum of the above—complexity and database iteration combined with data growth and the need to share it across and between organizations—is driving a need for consolidation. When ESG last investigated this, 50% of organizations were already consolidating databases, with another 25% planning on it. That consolidation in turn means DBAs must merge multiple workloads onto a given infrastructure, invariably creating more performance issues to be addressed.And this is all before adding in the operational curve ball of the cloud! Database provisioning and consolidation exercises increasingly must acknowledge that the right platform can change over time. Not surprisingly, ESG’s research has found that when evaluating and selecting databases, the most important attributes are that the database be capable of being cloud-based and include the ability to easily scale up and/or down as workloads demand.2The Essence of Exadata, X8, and Cloud-enhancement as DesiredGood news comes in the shape of the “Oracle on Oracle and for Oracle” solution: Exadata. Its value proposition is a piece of cake to convey: It is an optimized platform on which to run Oracle Database. While Oracle Database can run on myriad other systems, the optimal experience is running it on Exadata. It is an Oracle Engineered System that is tuned to be best for Oracle Database and integrates unique value-add features that are unavailable from other vendors. As such, it is not general purpose, nor simply fit-for-purpose: It is purpose-built. Over its decade in the market, Exadata has grown as the—identical everywhere—foundation for on-premises, Oracle Cloud, and Oracle Autonomous Database operations. The company states that Exadata is run by 77% of the Fortune Global 100 (25% of which have also adopted Exadata Cloud Service).This paper is not designed to provide extensive technical details, but suffice it to say Exadata is an ideal database platform that combines scale-out, database-optimized compute, networking, and storage hardware (to deliver both performance and economy) with smart software in the form of both specialized algorithms that can vastly improve all aspects of 2 Source: ESG Brief, Database Purchase Criteria , June 2017.17%Less than 5 5 to 1011 to 2526 to 5051 to 7576 to 100101 to 150151 to 200More than 200Don’t know How many production databases does your organization currently have deployed? (Percent of respondents, N=354)database processing, as well as automated management to optimally handle configuration, updates, and performance.3 Better yet, all the above is true across all workloads, whether they are petabyte-scale data warehouses or business-crucial OLTP applications, and whether they are traditional business applications or next-generation analytics and machine learning. Organizations can confidently consolidate their Oracle Databases and associated workloads onto a single platform born on-premises and then extend to some, or full, public cloud consumption options if desired.With Exadata, Oracle is allowing its users to deliver against the common (but also not commonly well-defined or stable) mandate to leverage the cloud by providing paths to deploy cloud operating models ranging from optimizing on-premises infrastructure before moving to the public cloud,4 through utilizing an on-premises cloud service (Oracle Cloud at Customer) that provides a public cloud experience but with the security and control of an on-premises environment, to a Cloud Adjacent offering,5 and all the way to a public cloud deployment with Exadata Cloud Service or Autonomous Database.Exadata X8As with Exadata in general, this paper is not the place to conduct a lengthy exposition of the new Exadata X8. A few headlines serve to convey the arrival of not only dramatic specification improvements, but also some key functionality:•Speed—Scale-out servers use the improved clock-speed of the latest 24-core Intel processors, as well as NVMe flash, to help Exadata X8 deliver up to 560GB/sec I/O throughput and 6.57M OLTP read IOPS (with 3.5M IOPS at under 250 microseconds). For obvious reasons, Oracle encourages all its prospects to compare its throughput and speed with typical all-flash storage arrays.•Capacity—There are 40% higher capacity 14TB Helium disk drives (the highest capacity at which Oracle’s prerequisite availability targets can be achieved). Additionally, a new Storage Server X8-2 XT expansion unit delivers dramatically less expensive storage for less-accessed, older, or regulatory data, but with all the benefits of Oracle Database storage(e.g., Hybrid Columnar Compression,6 identical operations, and security/encryption). Think of this as seamlesslyconverging the data[base] in addition to converging the infrastructure.•Function—60% more cores in Exadata X8-2 Storage Servers help offload more Oracle Database processing and also improve security by mitigating threats such as “Spectre” and “Meltdown” in silicon, eliminating software overhead.Also, automated, cloud-scale, full-stack performance management and monitoring combines AI and years of real-world performance “triage experience” with best practices to automatically detect performance issues, proactively determine root causes, and address problems without human intervention.Exadata + Oracle Database: ‘Hand in Glove’ and Extended ValueWhile it is impressive and valuable to know about Exadata’s specifications or extensive HA features, what really sets it apart are over 60 Exadata-only features for Oracle Database, such as Fast Node and Cell Death Detection, Automatic ASM Mirror3 In patching alone, for example, organizations can use Exadata to drastically reduce the number of patches. Oracle’s website details a $200B retailer that has reduced its patches 95% p.a. This enabled its IT group to improve productivity, while allowing its DBAs to more easily ensure their infrastructure was up to date and reduce risk.4 The cloud alliance announced in June 2019 between Oracle and Microsoft further demonstrates Oracle’s determination to be a key element in the public cloud world, while acknowledging that it will play to its strengths (such as high-performance Oracle Database) and allow customers to utilize the value of other mega-clouds as appropriate.5 This offering is outlined in the ESG White Paper, The Business Advantages of Cloud Adjacent Oracle Databases on Exadata, published March 2019.6 Hybrid Columnar Compression is an approach to database data compression that utilizes both the database and storage capabilities of Exadata to significantly reduce Oracle Database capacity requirements (10-15X is the norm). Less data handled also improves performance.Reads on IO Error Corruption, Automatic Statistics, and many more. It’s a veritable smorgasbord of delights for IT operations and DBAs to use, which delivers unsurpassed—and genuine—value to Oracle Database users.Extensions to this unique hand-in-glove functionality have continued with the latest Exadata X8, most notably the machine learning that enables Automatic Indexing with Oracle Database 19c. A fully-automated capability based on technology from Oracle Autonomous Database (what Oracle refers to as a “self-driving database”), this improves database performance and eliminates manual index-tuning tasks for critical applications.7 This means that DBAs can simultaneously stop the manual task of creating indexes for applications running on Oracle Database, achieve faster performance, and gain time to focus on more strategic business objectives.Users can also use in-database machine learning without having to move any data. All the algorithms run inside Oracle Database—close to the data—which ensures no production impact. This delivers dramatic performance gains for actions such as the faster scoring and validating of models against the freshest production data.While Oracle can at times display a love for extreme detail, Exadata’s powerful core value makes that largely unnecessary. Simply, it is the most integrated, optimized, flexible, and capable place to run Oracle Databases, with a set of attributes that allow it to cost less, scale better, and be more secure than alternatives. As such, it has become a foundation for Oracle Autonomous Database and Oracle SaaS applications, and the architecturally equivalent stepping stone to Oracle Cloud. The Bigger TruthWhile the term “no brainer” is a tad simplistic and can overlook relevant adjacent factors, it is clear that unique capabilities and user-value are available with Oracle Exadata when it’s used in concert with Oracle Database. That means any Oracle Database user not utilizing Exadata is missing out on some or all of those capabilities and value.As Exadata X8 heralds the second decade for this offering, it has increased its deployment choices alongside Oracle Database to mirror the increasingly hybrid cloud world, and thus offers a congruence of architecture, features, and security wherever and however it is deployed—on-premises or in the cloud. Oracle also continues to add impressive functionality that can translate to not only IT improvements, but also business value; a prime example being the machine learning in Oracle Database 19C to enable auto indexing with Exadata X8.Oracle is not famed for being shy in its own marketing claims; regarding the use of Exadata to run Oracle Database, it likes to say that the combination is “so smart that there’s no second place.” It would be easy to dismiss that as marketing bluster, but it actually deserves consideration; “second place” would suggest vendors competing at the same level…but really Oracle has put Exadata in a league of its own.7 Oracle reports a recent test in which 15 years of manual engineering were compared with what could be done in less than 24 hours with modern machine learning when the Automatic Indexing successfully created two-thirds the number of NetSuite application indexes and also increased database and application performance.All trademark names are property of their respective companies. Information contained in this publication has been obtained by sources TheEnterprise Strategy Group (ESG) considers to be reliable but is not warranted by ESG. This publication may contain opinions of ESG, which are subject to change from time to time. This publication is copyrighted by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. Any reproduction or redistribution of thispublication, in whole or in part, whether in hard-copy format, electronically, or otherwise to persons not authorized to receive it, without the express consent of The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc., is in violation of U.S. copyright law and will be subject to an action for civil damages and, if applicable, criminal prosecution. Should you have any questions, please contact ESG Client Relations at 508.482.0188. ********************** P. 508.482.0188 Enterprise Strategy Group is an IT analyst, research, validation, and strategy firm that provides actionable insight and intelligence to the global IT community.© 2019 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.。

Exadata 技术架构和主要特点

• 唯一的支持所有负载类型的database machine • 多个数据库,多个应用,多个用户环境都能提供可预测的响应时间
Exadata数据库一体机
架构优势
主要指标智能存储 OLTP 高可靠高扩展
• 网格技术之大成
• 高性能, 低成本, 冗余, 线性扩展
• 超级性能 &开箱即用
RAC DB数据库服务器网格
• 适用于OLTP系统的最好的数据库服务器（Best for OLTP）
• 唯一基于网格技术扩展的数据库 • Smart flash cache 可达到20x（1M IOPS）快的IOPS,或者节省20x 的磁盘 • 对于归档数据可达到50x的压缩率 • 安全, 容错
• 适用于混合负载的最好的数据库服务器（Best for Consolidation）
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仅仅返回满足条件的数据
Exadata 混合列压缩
架构优势
主要指标智能存储 OLTP 高可靠高扩展
• 数据按列存储，然后压缩 • 针对数据仓库的查询模式
• –为提高速度进行了优化 • –通常压缩比可达10 倍 • –扫描成比例增长
• 针对不常访问数据的归档模式
• –为减小空间进行了优化 • –通常可达15 倍压缩 • –对某些数据可达50倍压缩
• 21 GB/sec 磁盘数据扫描 • 50 GB/sec 内存数据扫描 • 1百万+ 随机I/Os /sec, 8K DB块
InfiniBand网络
• 880 Gb/sec 累计IO带宽
Exadata 产品能力
架构优势
主要指标智能存储
OLTP
高可靠高扩展
Single Server

Oracle数据库一体机(Exadata)介绍资料

可伸缩性支持增加更多的机架
Copyright © 2010 Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates
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Exadata 数据库一体机X2-2满配
提供极限性能
• 8台2CPU（每CPU6核）64位的数据库服务器 • 96 核 (每台服务器12核) • 768 GB内存 (每台服务器96GB) • 对外提供10 GigE（万兆以太网）接口 • 16个10GbE 端口 (每台服务器2个端口 per server) • 14台Exadata存储服务器X2-2 • 高性能600GB SAS磁盘或者 • 高容量2 TB SAS磁盘 • 3台Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch • 36-port Managed QDR (40Gb/s) switch • 1台专门用于管理的Cisco 以太网交换机 • KVM硬件 • 冗余的Power Distributions Units (PDUs)
flash?exadata是最快的?而且可以线形地扩展到更多的机架storagedatabandwidthuncompressedgbsec通用格式disk?存储阵列已经无法提供磁盘的带宽????没有闪存提供的额外带宽没有操作下推没有列压缩没有infiniband通用格式96
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• 通过提高IOPs20倍来打破随机I/O瓶颈 • 提高用户数据扫描带宽
• Exadata存储索引
• 消除不必要的I/O
• I/O Resource Manager (IORM)
• 按照不同的I/O优先级别使用存储网格，保证可预知的性能
• 混合列压缩
• 高效的压缩，增加有效的存储空间，提高用户数据扫描带宽

Oracle数据库云服务器Exadata介绍

Oracle数据库云服务器Exadata介绍杨建鑫Principal Sales Consultant内容•Exadata简介•Exadata技术发展与硬件架构•Exadata技术优势及软件架构•Exadata客户案例Oracle数据库云服务器Exadata运行Oracle数据库的最佳平台适合与下面场景的架构•数据仓库（Data Warehousing）•交易系统（OLTP）•数据库整合Exadata是为所有Oracle数据库应用设计的战略数据库平台Exadata 发展•Exadata Introduced•X2-2 CPU Refresh •40 Gb InfiniBand •PCI Flash Cards•X2-2 CPU Refresh •X2-8 64-core Servers•Sparc SuperCluster •3TB Disks•Smart Flash Cache •Storage Index •Columnar Compression•Smart Scan •InfiniBand Scaleout•Smart Memory Scan •Parallel Memory Affinity •Enterprise Manager 12c•Hardware DB Encryption•Automatic Service Request•Data Mining Offload •Storage Expansion Rack•X2-8 CPU Refresh •2TB DRAM per node•Solaris x86 •Reverse Offload •Smart Flash Logging将Oracle 的最佳实践与快速发展的硬件相结合独特的软件特性Future Optimizations•In-Memory OptimizedCompression•Memory-to-MemoryInfiniBand Messaging •Flash Cache for Writes20082009 2010 2011 2012数以千计的全球成功案例Rapid adoption in all geographies and industriesSpectacular Customer Results“Softbank created a warehouse up to8x faster while reducing costs 50%”—Keiichiro Shimizu, Softbank“Turkcell’s largest 250 TB DB is nowonly 27 TB with Exadata Compression”—Ferhat Sengonul, Turkcell“Performance improved17x with no changes toour application”—Jim Duffy, BNP ParibasExadata Growth“Exadata is the fastest growing product in Oracle’s history”-Oracle CEO, Larry EllisonExadata技术发展与硬件架构Exadata架构完整的系统 : 计算资源, 存储资源, 网络资源•数据库集群–基于Intel芯片架构的数据库服务器–Oracle Linux or Solaris 11–Oracle Database 11g–10 Gig Ethernet (to data center)•存储网格–基于Intel芯片架构存储服务器–504TB裸容量– 5.3TB Flash storage–Exadata Storage Server Software•InfiniBand网络–内部网络互联 ( 40 Gb/sec )Exadata 硬件架构Exadata 智能存储网格•14 x 高性能低成本存储服务器(2U)•高性能, 低成本, 冗余, 线性扩展•100 TB 高性能SAS 磁盘, 或 504 TB 高容量SAS 磁盘 •168 Intel cores in storage •5.3 TB PCI 闪存•跨存储服务器的数据镜像保护•超级性能 &开箱即用满配最大功耗14KW, 平均 9.8KW. 而通常一个高端的SMP 小机（不包含存储和交换机）就需要超过20KW 的功耗数据库网格InfiniBand 网络•冗余 40Gb/s 交换机 •服务器与存储的统一网络• 8台数据库服务器(X2-2)✓96 CPU cores (12 Cores per server,2x Six-CoreIntel X5675 Processors (3.06 GHz)✓768 GB memory （可扩展到912GB ）• 或2台数据库服务器(X2-8)✓160 CPU cores (80 Cores per server) ✓4 TB (2 TB per server)Exadata 低功耗Exadata 架构概述Exadata CellInfiniBand 交换网络单节点数据库RAC 数据库Exadata CellExadata Cell智能存储层数据库处理层超高速并发网络层传统主机+存储的数据库架构的IO瓶颈问题•存储层：1）数据量不断增加，带来的IO瓶颈；2）随着数据长时间运行带来的数据分布不均匀，存在IO热点•网络层：传输带宽不足，无法快速传输大量数据到服务器•服务器层：接收过多数据进行处理，内存优势无法发挥Exadata–数据处理架构的革命打破数据带宽瓶颈•Exadata 提供更多的并发带宽-模块化存储单元CELL，高度并行的存储网格-带宽与容量成正比•Exadata 采用更高的单路带宽-InfiniBand提供40G bits/S的带宽，比高端阵列的光纤通道技术快5+倍•智能的存储、Exadata 传送更少的数据-数据查询过程被下移到智能存储层，传送到服务器中的数据只包括最相关的结果数据，显著的减少了发送到服务器的数据，减轻了服务器CPUs负荷。

oracle exdata一体机采购标准

一、前言随着信息技术的快速发展，企业在处理海量数据和运行大型应用程序方面面临着巨大挑战。

为了满足企业的需求，混合云和大数据分析等先进技术应运而生。

在构建高性能、高可用、高可扩展的IT基础设施方面，Oracle Exadata一体机备受关注并得到了广泛的应用。

在购物Oracle Exadata一体机时，企业需要了解哪些采购标准，以确保所购产品符合企业的需求。

二、性能需求分析1. 数据规模：企业需要明确自己的数据规模，包括现有数据量和未来的扩展计划。

2. 应用场景：对于不同的应用场景，需求的性能参数也会有所不同，例如OLTP（联机事务处理）和OLAP（联机分析处理）。

3. 访问模式：需求分析要考虑数据的读写比例，瞬时并发请求和吞吐量等指标。

三、可靠性需求分析1. 数据可靠性：了解对数据的可靠性要求，包括数据备份和恢复的要求。

2. 系统可靠性：企业对Oracle Exadata一体机的系统可用性和容错能力的需求。

3. 安全性：对数据安全性和权限控制的需求。

四、扩展性需求分析1. 数据增长趋势：根据企业的扩展计划，需要评估Oracle Exadata 一体机的扩展性能力。

2. 系统扩展：考虑到业务的增长，需要评估Oracle Exadata一体机的扩展能力。

五、成本控制需求分析1. 总体投资：考虑采购、部署和维护Oracle Exadata一体机的总成本。

2. 投资回报：评估Oracle Exadata一体机的性能、可靠性和扩展性对企业业务的影响。

六、合规性和服务支持1. 与相关法规的合规性：Oracle Exadata一体机的采购、部署和使用是否符合相关法规。

2. 服务支持：了解Oracle Exadata一体机的服务支持政策和服务水平指标。

七、结论在Oracle Exadata一体机的采购过程中，企业应该根据自身的业务需求和发展规划，对性能、可靠性、扩展性、成本控制、合规性和服务支持等方面进行全面的分析和评估，并制定相应的采购标准。

Oracle Exadata商品说明书

5 Reasons to run your business on Exadata Oracle Exadata is the only platform that delivers optimum database performance and efficiency for mixed data, analytics, and OL TP workloads. With a full range of deployment options, itallows you to run your Oracle Database and data workloads where you want, how youwant —on-premises, in the Oracle Cloud,Cloud at Customer in your data center , or any combination of these models.Here are five top reasons to chooseExadata to run your business.“ ”We chose Oracle Exadata for its integrated hardware and software platform. It costs 31 percent less than products from other vendors, such as IBM and SAP . By running Oracle’s JD Edwards ERP system on Oracle Exadata, we’ve gained a high-performing, reliable, and scalable database platform that enabled us to create daily sales reports 60x faster,introduce products 36x f a ster, enhanceuser satisfaction, increase IT productivity by 40 percent, and reduce operating costs. D. V. Jachak, General Manager, IT, Sai Prasad GroupZheng Tao, Head of IT, Wumart Stores, Inc.By consolidating 92 percent of our IBM servers and four databases onto a single Oracle Exadata Database Machine, we gained an integrated, high-performing private cloudplatform to support e-business growth. We can process online orders 8x faster, and havereduced operating costs by over 100,000 USD per year. “ ”By consolidating 40 disparate databases on Oracle Exadata Database Machine, we boosted sales and production system performance up to 60 percent and cut initial installation costs by 60 percent. We also enhanced IT governance across the organization, and supported 10 billion USD in turnover via business expansion. Akio Yoshizawa, Senior Manager, IT Infrastructure Solutions Department, NSK Network and Systems Co. Ltd.“ “ Ziraat Bank was alwaysunder pressure to optimizeperformance, because anysmall addition to end-of-dayprocessing could negativelyimpact revenue and the bank’sreputation. Oracle Exadata took all the steam off. We decreased the overnight batch window by more than 60 percent, reduced disk usage by 8x and overallsystem utilization from 70percent to 30 percent, whileimproving uptime for our corebanking online transactionprocessing system. Serdar Mutlu, Manager, Database Systems, T.C. Ziraat Bankasi A.Ş.”Anantha Spirama, VP , Systems and Technology, Macy’s“ Applications, databases,and infrastructure all haveto work together in harmony.When we looked at othercloud providers, they offeredthese in pieces. It was up tous to craft a solution. Oracleoffered an integrated solutionfor me. It was a natural choice. Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.。

数据库一体机(Exadata)日常运维手册

Exadata日常运维目录一、日常操作 (4)配置查看 (4)详细查看硬件配置和状态 (5)检查当前电源功耗 (6)检查功耗的历史记录 (7)告警设置 (9)二、健康检查 (11)系统状态查看 (11)各传感器工作状态 (11)设置组件的指示灯亮和快闪 (13)检查系统硬件日志 (14)三、Infiniband交换机 (16)查看IB硬件信息 (16)查看IB硬件配置和状态 (18)查看ILOM的网络会话超时的设置 (19)查看ILOM的网络设置 (20)查看系统SNMP管理的设置 (21)检查IB链路状态 (22)查看IB网络拓扑状态 (23)诊断IB链路没有错误 (26)查看IB网络连线 (34)查看IB健康状态 (35)四、PDU (35)监控PDU状态 (35)使用Metering Unit’s LCD Screen监控PDU (35)使用Web界面监控PDU (36)PDU故障处理 (38)五、Cisco交换机 (38)监控Cisco交换机状态 (38)Cisco故障处理 (38)六、日常运维及故障处理 (39)Powering Off Oracle Exadata Rack (39)启停Exadata Database Server (39)启停Exadata Storage Server (40)监控服务器周边温度 (41)DB节点磁盘状态检查 (42)CELL节点磁盘故障 (43)CELL节点Flash卡故障 (55)七、常用诊断工具 (58)Exachk or HealthCheck (58)Diagnostics Collection Tool: sundiag.sh (59)RDA（Remote Diagnostic Agent） (60)ADRCI (61)八、Exadata最佳实践 (61)Optimize ASM Diskgroup Balance (61)Optimize Scan Rates (62)Ensure auto extend size will allocate space on all disks in the diskgroup63备份 (Tape-Based) (63)备份 (Disk-Based) (66)恢复 (68)Verify DW/BI Instance Database Initialization Parameters (69)Check for ASM notification of corruption (70)Choose the ASM redundancy type based on your desired protection level and capacity demands (71)一、日常操作由于Database Server 与Storage Cell 为同平台产品，ILOM 版本相同，所以ILOM 管理操作基本相同，下述内容及图例将以Storage Cell 为例。

exadata官方培训教程

exadata官方培训教程Exadata是一款为Oracle数据库专门设计的硬件平台，其以高效、高可靠、高安全等特性受到了用户的广泛认可。

为了更好地使用Exadata，Oracle推出了官方培训教程，帮助用户掌握Exadata系统的基础知识和高级功能。

一、Exadata的介绍Exadata是Oracle公司开发的一种专门用于数据库的高端服务器，其具有卓越的性能和可靠性。

通过Exadata系统，可以将数据存储和计算之间的通信量大大减少，从而实现高效的数据处理和查询。

Exadata还具有高度的可伸缩性，能够满足大型企业级应用场景下的需求。

二、Exadata官方培训教程的特点Exadata官方培训教程不仅提供了基础知识的讲解，而且还提供了一系列实际应用案例和高级功能的演示。

通过实际案例，用户可以更好地理解Exadata系统的工作原理和优势。

通过高级功能的演示，用户可以深入了解Exadata系统的各项功能，进一步提升应用场景的效果。

三、Exadata官方培训教程内容1. Exadata基础知识用户可以通过Exadata基础知识模块来了解Exadata的体系结构、部署模式、管理方式等基本知识。

该模块还包括Exadata的网络连接、物理存储等方面的介绍。

2. Exadata常规维护用户可以通过Exadata常规维护模块来了解Exadata系统的日常维护工作，如网络维护、存储管理、备份与恢复等操作。

该模块还包括Exadata系统的性能监控和故障诊断等内容。

3. Exadata的高级功能用户可以通过Exadata高级功能模块来了解Exadata系统的高级功能，如物理存储优化、数据复制、容灾备份等功能。

该模块还包括Exadata系统的高级查询优化、数据加密等内容。

四、Exadata官方培训教程的优势1. 实践案例：Exadata官方培训教程提供了大量的案例和应用场景，使用户可以更好地理解Exadata的实际应用和优势。

Exadata X3-2中文配置表

X3-2Eighth RackX3-2 Quarter Rack 2个数据库服务器，2个数据库服务器，每服务器包括：每服务器包括：• 2 个8核Intel® Xeon® E5-2690 处理器(2.9GHz, 每服务器激活8个核)• 2 个8核Intel® Xeon® E5-2690 处理器(2.9GHz)• 128 GB 内存(可扩展到256 GB) •512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器HBA• 128 GB 内存(可扩展到256 GB) •512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器HBA • 4个300 GB SAS 10,000RPM硬盘• 4个300 GB SAS 10,000RPM硬盘• 512MB电池支援写缓• 512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器 HBA存的磁盘控制器 HBA • 2个QDR端口• 2个QDR端口（40Gb/s）（40Gb/s）• 2个10 Gb以太网端口• 2个10 Gb以太网端口• 4个1 Gb 以太网端口• 4个1 Gb 以太网端口• 1个 ILOM 以太网端口• 1个 ILOM 以太网端口• 2个冗余热插拔电源• 2个冗余热插拔电源3个Exadata Storage Server X3-23个Exadata Storage Server X3-236 CPU cores for SQL36 CPU cores for SQL processing (18 coresprocessingenabled)2.4 TB Exadata Smart Flash Cache（12 PCI flash cards，6 cards enabled）18 x 600 GB 15,000 RPM高性能硬盘或36 x 600 GB 15,000 RPM高性能硬盘或18 x 3 TB 7,200 RPM36 x 3 TB 7,200 RPM 高容量盘(每台存储服务器激活6块硬盘）高容量盘2个36端口QDR (40 Gb/秒)2个36端口QDR (40 Gb/秒)InfiniBand交换机InfiniBand交换机操作系统Oracle Enterprise Linux Oracle Enterprise Linux 数据库软件Oracle DB 11g企业版Rac集群管理软件（2CPU）Oracle DB 11g企业版Rac集群管理软件（4CPU）•用于管理DatabaseMachine的以太网交换机•用于管理DatabaseMachine的以太网交换机•用于本地管理的键盘、视频或可视单元、鼠标 (KVM) 硬件•用于本地管理的键盘、视频或可视单元、鼠标 (KVM) 硬件• 42U机架包装• 42U机架包装物理尺寸：物理尺寸：• 高: 42U, 78.66英寸-1998mm• 高: 42U, 78.66英寸-1998mm • 宽: 23.62英寸 – 600mm• 宽: 23.62英寸 – 600mm • 深: 47.24英寸 – 1200mm• 深: 47.24英寸 – 1200mm 电源电源• 最大功率：2.9千瓦 (3.0千伏安)• 最大功率：3.2千瓦 (3.3 千伏安)• 额定功率(根据加载的应用而定): 2.0 千瓦 (2.1 千伏安)• 额定功率(根据加载的应用而定): 2.3 千瓦 (2.4 千伏安)重量:重量:813磅 (368.8公斤)813磅 (368.8公斤)备注内联网络附加的硬件组件环境参数Exadat计算节点/DBServer 存储服务器/StorageServer/SegmentServers 4.8TB Exadata Smart Flash Cache （12PCI flash cards）X3-2 Half RackX3-2 Full Rack 4个数据库服务器，8个数据库服务器，每服务器包括：每服务器包括：• 2 个8核Intel® Xeon® E5-2690 处理器(2.9GHz)• 2 个8核Intel® Xeon® E5-2690 处理器(2.9GHz)• 128 GB 内存(可扩展到256 GB) •512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器HBA • 128 GB 内存(可扩展到256 GB) •512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器HBA • 4个300 GB SAS 10,000RPM硬盘• 4个300 GB SAS 10,000RPM硬盘• 512MB电池支援写缓• 512MB电池支援写缓存的磁盘控制器 HBA存的磁盘控制器 HBA • 2个QDR端口• 2个QDR端口（40Gb/s）（40Gb/s）• 2个10 Gb以太网端口• 2个10 Gb以太网端口• 4个1 Gb 以太网端口• 4个1 Gb 以太网端口• 1个 ILOM 以太网端口• 1个 ILOM 以太网端口• 2个冗余热插拔电源• 2个冗余热插拔电源7个Exadata Storage Server X3-214个Exadata Storage Server X3-284 CPU cores for SQL168 CPU cores for SQL processingprocessing 84 x 600 GB 15,000 RPM高性能硬盘或168 x 600 GB 15,000 RPM高性能硬盘或84 x 3 TB 7,200 RPM 168 x 3 TB 7,200 RPM高容量盘高容量盘3个36端口QDR (40 Gb/秒)3个36端口QDR (40 Gb/秒)InfiniBand交换机InfiniBand交换机Oracle Enterprise Linux Oracle Enterprise LinuxOracle DB 11g企业版，Rac集群管理软件（8CPU）Oracle DB 11g企业版Rac集群管理软件（16CPU）• 用于管理Database Machine的以太网交换机•用于管理Database Machine的以太网交换机•用于本地管理的键盘、视频或可视单元、鼠标 (KVM) 硬件•用于本地管理的键盘、视频或可视单元、鼠标 (KVM) 硬件• 42U机架包装• 42U机架包装物理尺寸：物理尺寸：• 高: 42U, 78.66英寸- 1998mm•高: 42U, 78.66英寸 - 1998mm • 宽: 23.62英寸 – 600mm• 宽: 23.62英寸 – 600mm • 深: 47.24英寸 – 1200mm• 深: 47.24英寸 – 1200mm 电源电源：• 最大功率：6.5千瓦 (6.6千伏安)• 最大功率：11.9千瓦 (12.1 千伏安)• 额定功率(根据加载的应用而定): 4.6 千瓦 (4.7 千伏安)• 额定功率(根据加载的应用而定): 8.4千瓦 (8.6 千伏安)重量:重量:1119磅 (543.9 公斤)1921磅 (871.4 公斤)xadata11.2TB Exadata Smart Flash Cache（28PCI flash cards）22.4TB Exadata Smart Flash Cache （56PCI flash cards）。

OracleExadata技术架构和主要特点

通过Exadata的管理工具收集和分析数据，确定故障的原因。
故障修复
根据诊断结果，采取相应的措施修复故障，如更换硬件、重新配置软件等。
数据恢复
在数据丢失的情况下，根据备份进行数据恢复，确保业务的连续性。
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03 Oracle Exadata数据库技术
Exadata的数据库架构
硬件架构
Exadata的硬件架构包括数据库服务器、存储服务器和InfiniBand交换机。数据库服务器负责处理数据库查询，存储服务器提供存储空间，而InfiniBand交换机则提供高速数据传输。
软件架构
Exadata软件架构包括数据库软件、Exadata智能存储软件和Exadata智能加速软件。这些软件协同工作，提供高性能、高可用性和高扩展性的数据库服务。
Exadata的存储性能优化源自010203
存储I/O优化
Exadata通过智能的I/O调度和优化技术，减少I/O 等待时间和延迟，提高存储I/O性能。
存储网络优化
Exadata采用高性能的存储网络技术，降低网络延迟和传输瓶颈，提高数据传输效率。
存储管理优化
Exadata提供高效的存储管理工具和策略，简化存储管理流程，降低管理成本，提高存储资源利用率。
QoS控制
通过流量控制和优先级调度，确保关键业务流量在网络中的优先传输。
压缩与加密技术
采用数据压缩和加密技术，减少数据传输量，提高网络安全防护能力。
负载均衡
通过负载均衡技术，将数据流量合理分配到多个网络路径上，提高网络吞吐量。
05 Oracle Exadata安全技术
Exadata的安全架构

甲骨文数据库一体机Exadata X3详解

IDC在其对亚太区ICT市场的十大预测中指出，到2015 年，65%部署在私有云环境中的服务器将成为一体机用户通过一体机架构可通过预配置和优化处理多重工作负载、减少部署时间并增加不动产的投资回报。

目前一体机市场已经形成了供应商百花齐放的局面，甲骨文、IBM、Teradata、EMC 以及与微软合作的惠普、戴尔都推出了一体机产品。

而甲骨文是一体机市场的最早倡导者，该公司已经推出了Exadata数据库一体机、Exalogic中间件一体机、Exalytics商务智能一体机、大数据一体机、SuperCluster一体机、ODA（数据库机）等六个系列的集成系统，其中Exadata是该公司最早推出的一体机，并在甲骨文各大集成系统中拥有最大的销售额和最广的大型用户群。