dictation 1
Dictation1-30文本
Passage 1 Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others. In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. (154 words)Passage 2 A Change in Women's LifeThe important change in women's life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to many younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. (154 words)Passage 3 A Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what they do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer, or autumn are likely to see gardens all the way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant win dow boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other's gardens is a popular pastime with the English. (144 words)Passage 4 British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U. S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them.The first difference is that a policeman's real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what's more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on tho usands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty—or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. (177 words)Passage 5 Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behaviour of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young we ll. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behaviour and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions. (147 words)Passage 6 The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote. The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly. The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones. It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars. (156 words)Passage 7 PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles! Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily. The first modem plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas. Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them! (160 words)Passage 8 Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not realty need. Sweets are often placed at children's eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley. More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there. (166 words)Passage 9 Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion's rules. Albert was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things. (143 words)Passage 10 Private CarsWith the increase m the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Yet opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person. It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. Howe ver, others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cans are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people. Whether private cars should be developed in China is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be eliminated. (143 words)Passage 11 A Henpecked Husband and His WifeThere was once a large, fiat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly wages every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in his company every day. One day, the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there. "You will never guess what happened to me today, dear," he said. He waited for a few seconds and then added, "I won ten thousand dollars on the lottery!" '"That is wonderful!" said his wife delightedly. But then she pulled a long face and added angrily, "But how could you afford to buy the ticket?" (148 words)Passage 12 A Young Man' s PromiseOne day a young man was writing a letter to his girl friend who lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote, the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest, and he would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands. He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added: "By the way, I'll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn't rain." (154 words)Mr. and Mrs. Jones' apartment was fall of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the doorbell ring. Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and apologized because there was no place for her to sit. "Oh, that's OK," said the lady. "I just come to welcome you to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city neighbors are not friendly at all. There are some apartment houses where people don' t know any of their neighbors, not even the ones next door. But in this building everyone is very friendly with everyone else. We are like one big happy family. I' m sure you' U be very happy here." Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, "But madam, we are not new dwellers in this apartment. We've lived here for two years. We' re moving out tomorrow ." (163 words)Passage 14 That Isn't Our FaultMr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them. Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, "They'll be ready next Wednesday. You can get them from studio." "No," Mrs. Williams said, "please send them to us." The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer's studio. She went inside and said angrily, "You took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I' m not going to pay for them." "Oh, why not?" the photographer asked. "Because my husband looks like a monkey," Mrs. Williams said. "Well," the photographer answered, "that isn't our fault. Why didn’t you think of that before you married him? "(148 words)Passage 15 A Guide's AnswerIn 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1865, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgiven the Northerners. A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stirring stories about how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there. At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guide and said to him, "But surely the Northern army must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?" "Not as long as I'm the guide here, madam," an-swered the Southern guide. (147 words)The captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliar with it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fisherman pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on board and asked him where to steer the ship. After half an hour the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did not really know what he was doing and where he was going. "Are you sure you .are a qualified pilot?" he asked. "Oh, yes," answered the fisherman. "I know every rock on this part of the coast." Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the fisherman added, "And that's one of them." (138 words)Passage 17 Living Things ReactYou and all organisms live in an environment. An environment is made up of everything that surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms. An organism responds to changes in its environment. When an organism responds to a change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond in some way. Have you ever noticed how plants and insects respond to light? Plants bend toward light. Insects fly toward light. Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond to a change in season. In autumn, they change colors and then fall off the branches. Animals also respond to a change in season. Squirrels save nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave. You respond to your environment in many ways, too. You may shiver if you are cold. What other ways do you respond to changes in your environment? (156 words)Passage 18 Flowering PlantsWhat are the parts of a flower? Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs that become seeds. The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. To make seeds, pollen and eggs must come together. The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to eggs. Many animals love flowers' bright colors. They also like a sugary liquid in flowers. This is called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. As they move, some of this pollen gets delivered to the fe male flower parts. Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals often eat the fruits and the seeds pass through their bodies as waste. The animals do not know they are working for the plants by planting seeds as they travel to different places! (147 words)How can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning and the west in the afternoon. At night, use the Big Dipper to help you find the North Star. It would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north. How do you know how far you have gone? You could count every step. Each step is about two feet. You’d better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. If you know where you started, which direction you are heading, and how far you have gone, you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are. Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. It is the GPS. It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a small receiver as you hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet! (167 words)Passage 20 WavesHow does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the stage to the audience? They move the same way —in waves! Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even though you cannot see them. The energy of some waves is destructive. An earthquake produces seismic waves. Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake me spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you! Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second! They can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth! (175 words)Passage 21 SoilsThere are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too. Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of soils found in fee United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of day. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand. In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the soil downhill. The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there. (150 words)How can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning and the west in the afternoon. At night, use the Big Dipper to help you find the North Star. It would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north. How do you know how far you have gone? You could count every step. Each step is about two feet. You’d better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. If you know where you started, which direction you are heading, and how far you have gone, you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are. Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. It is the GPS. It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a small receiver as you hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet! (167 words)Passage 20 WavesHow does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the stage to the audience? They move the same way —in waves! Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even though you cannot see them. The energy of some waves is destructive. An earthquake produces seismic waves. Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake me spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you! Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second! They can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth! (175 words)Passage 21 SoilsThere are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too. Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of soils found in fee United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of day. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand. In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the soil downhill. The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there. (150 words)Passage 25 A Place of Our OwnWe are all usually very careful when we buy something for the house. Why? Because we have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it brighter, so we choose the colours carefully. We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must be the right colour. We move the furniture round so as to make more space— or we buy new furniture—and so on. It is an endless business. Rich or poor, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniture in order to impress their friends. But most of us just want to enjoy our surroundings. We want to live as comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at. home. We want to make a small comer in the world which we can recognize as our own. (151 words)Passage 26 Travel for WorkYou can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have to travel for their work. When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they have to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker announce "The flight to Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours". Some people say to me, "How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!" They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not. There are advantages, of course, and I do think I am lucky, but only because I can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist. (149 words)Passage 27 IntelligenceAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are borm with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. (154 words)Passage 28 A Free Dress Every WeekThe temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops a nd people are not so honest as they once were. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl "gave" her mother a free dress every week! (148 words)Passage 29 TimeTime is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save time, or even kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. "Do you have any time?", "Can you get some time for this?", "How much free time do you have?" The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided. Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-, 30-, and 60-minute time slots. The idea that "there is a time and place for everything" extends to American social life. Visitors who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host' s personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors' dropping by. (157 words)Passage 30 CartoonistsIn a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials. A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humour in his drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person's characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across. (144 words)。
Dictation Level 1
1. Susan’s Wedding DaySusan is getting married. Her fiancee’s name is Michael. They are in love. They are g etting married today. Susan wakes up early. She is getting her hair done. Susan is havi ng her make up done too. Susan looks beautiful. She puts on her white wedding dress. She puts on her veil. Susan needs something blue. Her garter is blue. Susan needs so mething old. Her grandmother’s ring is old. Susan needs something borrowed. She is wearing her mother’s jewellery. Susan needs something new. Her shoes and dress are new. Susan needs a penny for her shoe. It will bring her good luck. Susan is ready to g et married.2. HouseworkThere is always housework to do when you live in a house. You have to wash the windows so that you can see outside. The floors and the carpet s need to be vacuum ed. The floors also need to be washed, and some of them need to be wax ed. The furniture has to be polish ed. The bathroom has to be kept clean. After you have a bath, you need to clean out the bathtub. Laundry needs to be done regularly, or you will run out of clothes to wear. The clothes go into the washing machine, and then they have to be dried in the dryer. Sometimes, we hang the clothes out on the line to be dried. Some of the clothes need to be iron ed. You have to buy groceries and put them away. Meals need to be made. You can’t let the dishes pile up in the kitchen. The dishes have to be washed, and the counter s need to be wiped. The stove needs to be cleaned, and sometimes the refrigerator and the cupboard s need to be cleaned out. You can dust the furniture and sweep up the dirt. You can make the beds. The beds have to be changed too. They need to have clean sheet s put on them. There are just so many things to do. Household chore s take up a lot of time.3. Working OutsideToday I was working outside. It was a sunny day, and I was very hot. I wore a hat on my head. I watered all the plants. I weeded the flower beds. I cut back all of the plants that were growing too big. I gave some of the plants plant food. I cut the lawn. I raked the lawn. I filled up the bird baths with water. I swept the sidewalks and the paths. I took out the garbage. I filled the car up with gas. I washed the car. I hung out the clothes on the clothesline. I washed down the lawn furniture. I washed all of the windows on the house from the outside. I was so tired. So I had a glass of lemonade. I talked to my neighbour, and I helped her trim a tree. I planted some bulbs, and then I went into the house. I was exhausted.4.TransportationEvery family that I know has at least one car. Some families have two, or even three cars. Most people get their licence to drive when they are sixteen. In my house, we just have one car. If my father takes the car to work, my mother will take the bus. I ride in a school bus to school. My sister works in another town. She gets on the train to go to work. The train station is not far from my house. The train tracks run right by my house. My grandfather from Ireland comes to visit us. He came over by boat. Hehad to cross the ocean. We went to Florida last year. We flew on a plane. The plane flew right through the clouds. My friend’s brother drives a motorcycle. He wears a helmet. I rode on his motorcycle once. I had to sit on the back and hold on tight. I ride my bicycle when the weather is nice. I also have a scooter that I use to travel around. I took a helicopter ride once. The helicopter’s propellers were going around when I got on. It went straight up in the air. I enjoyed the ride. I would like to learn how to fly a plane or a helicopter. I like flying through the air.5. DiseasesThere are many diseases. Some diseases are very deadly, and some are not so serious. Most people catch a cold sometimes. A cold makes you cough and sneeze. Colds can be passed on from person to person. Some people get the flu. With the flu, you get chills and a fever. A fever is a high temperature. If you have the flu, you will feel very bad. You have to stay home in bed. There are diseases that children get. The mumps makes you have lumps in your neck. Chicken pox and measles leave you with red itchy dots on your skin. Older people sometimes get arthritis. Their bones get stiff and sore. There are people who get heart disease. In many cases, a healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease. Cancer can attack different parts of the body. Many smokers get lung cancer. Some diseases are treated with pills or medicine. Other diseases need to be treated in the hospital. Sometimes doctors need to give you tests to find out what kind of disease you have. The doctor might have to do a blood test or an x-ray to find out what is wrong with you. Most diseases can be cured by a doctor.6. JobsThere are many different jobs that you can choose from. You can be a doctor or a nurse. You could work in a hospital or doctor’s office. You might be a firefighter and put out fires. A policeman enforces the law. An actor plays roles on stage or in the movies. You could drive a taxi or be the pilot of an airplane. What kinds of things do you like to do? You might want to be a sales clerk in a store. Maybe you are good at a sport. You could be a baseball player or a hockey player. Being a dentist is a good job.A dentist fixes teeth. If you are good at arguing, you might want to be a lawyer. Do you like to fix people’s hair? You could be a hairdresser or a barber. If you are good with your hands, you might want to be a carpenter or a mechanic. If you like to travel, you could be a stewardess or a travel agent. You could be a teacher or a photographer. Are you artistic or creative? You might want to be an artist or a writer. You could work on construction and build houses. You could look after animals and be a veterinarian. If you like to cook, you could be a cook or a chef. There are so many places to work, and so many jobs to do. Maybe you could fix computers or work in a library. You could wash windows or be the captain of a ship. There is no limit to what you can be.7. My BodyOn the top of my head, I have hair. Below my hair is my face. I have two eyes. I have eyebrows and eyelashes. Below my eyes, I have a nose. My mouth is below my nose.I have lips. If I open my lips, you will see my teeth and my tongue. Below my mouth is my chin. On the sides of my head, I have two ears. My cheeks are on either side of my nose. My neck holds up my head. My neck attaches my head to my chest. On either side of my chest are my shoulders. My arms hang down from my shoulders. I have wrists on my arms. My hands are attached to my wrists. My fingers are part of my hands. I have ten fingers and ten fingernails. My back is at the back of me. Further down, there is my waist. If I wear a belt, I put it on my waist. My hips are below my waist. My legs come down from my hips. My legs are made up of my thighs, my knees and my calves. My knees can bend. My ankles are below my legs. My feet are attached to my ankles. My toes are part of my feet. I have ten toes and ten toenails. I am me from the top of my head to the tip of my toes.8. ClothingI change my clothes a lot. If I am going somewhere fancy, I wear a dress. I wear stockings on my legs, and I wear a pair of nice shoes. If I am going to play sports, I wear a sweatshirt and jeans. If I am going to the beach, I wear a bathing suit or a bikini. My brother wears swimming trunks to the beach. At work, I wear a skirt and a blouse. Underneath my clothes, I wear underwear. A lady wears a bra and panties as underwear. A man wears boxer or jockey shorts as underwear. Today, I am wearing a blouse and a pair of jeans over my underwear. I have socks and shoes on my feet. In the summer, I often wear sandals on my feet. In the summer, the tops that I wear are usually sleeveless. I usually wear shorts in the summer. Sometimes, I wear a sweater or a jacket if the weather is cool. I wear a cap or a hat on my head. I wear a belt to hold up my jeans or my slacks. Women sometimes wear a dress or a skirt. Men wear a pair of slacks and a shirt. Some men wear a suit and a shirt and tie. If it is very cold outside, I wear a winter coat. If it is cold, I like to wear gloves or mittens on my hands. Sometimes, I wrap a scarf around my neck to keep warm. I wear a toque on my head in cold weather. I wear boots on my feet in the winter. If it is raining, I wear a raincoat. The way that I dress depends a lot on the weather.9. ColorsRed is a vibrant color. Roses are sometimes red. Blood is red. White is the color of snow. Clouds are very often white. Blue is the color of the sky and the ocean. Black isn’t really a color at all. Tar is black. A crow is black. Green is the co lor of grass. It is also the color of leaves on the trees in the summer. Brown is the color of dirt. Many people have brown hair. Yellow is a bright color. Most people use yellow when they draw a picture of the sun. Orange is an easy color to remember, that is because an orange is orange. Pink is the color that we dress baby girls in. We dress baby boys in blue. Purple is the color of some violets. The Canadian flag is red and white. What color is your flag?10. Wild AnimalsSome animals are wild. They don’t live in homes or cages. They live in jungles or on plains. The lion is the king of the beasts. He is very mighty. He roars loudly. Thegiraffe has a long neck. He eats leaves from the tallest trees. The elephant is very large. He has a trunk and two tusks. A tiger has stripes. Some bears are black, and some are brown. There are even white bears called polar bears. A kangaroo lives in Australia. That is the only place that you would find a kangaroo, except in a zoo. It might be frightening to run into a wolf or a fox. Monkeys run and play in the trees. In Canada, we don’t see lions, tigers, giraffes or monkeys running wild. There are squirrels in my back yard. Sometimes, I see a raccoon or a chipmunk. In northern Ontario, you might see a moose or a bear. I have seen a deer in the forest. There are many wild animals. You can see wild animals if you go to the zoo.11. Describing ThingsSome things are different shapes. They can be described by their shape. A circle is round. A compact disc is a circle. A square has four equal sides. A rectangle is similar, but two of the sides are longer. A triangle has only three sides. An oval is rounded, but it is not round. An egg is an oval shape. The floor is flat. If something is smooth, it has no bumps or lumps. Silk is smooth. Some things are rough. Sandpaper is rough. If something is dull, it is not sharp or pointed. A dull knife will not cut bread because the blade is not sharp. If something is pointed, it has a sharp end. A sharp pencil has a pointed end. A pencil that has been used a lot, and hasn’t been sharpened has a dull end. Some things are soft. A teddy bear is soft. It feels good to touch. Some things are hard. A rock is hard. Soft can also represent a noise level. If you have a soft voice, itis not very loud. If someone tells you to speak softly, they want you to speak quietly. “Loud” is the word used to describe noises that hurt your ears. A big truck will makea loud noise. Sometimes your mother will tell you that your music is too loud.12. BugsMany people are afraid of bugs. Some bugs do bad things like eating crops or clothes. Some bugs, such as termites, even eat wood. Other bugs can be good. Spiders catch flies. Flies are not good because they carry germs. Insects get caught in the web that the spider builds. Ants get into homes and eat food. Bees are good because honey comes from bees. It is not good if you get stung by a bee. A caterpillar turns into a butterfly. Butterflies can be very beautiful. You can find grasshoppers outside on a sunny day. Grasshoppers hop through the grass. Crickets make a noise by rubbing their legs together. Dragonflies usually live near water. They have large, colourful wings. Ladybugs are red with little black dots. There are many types of beetles. Nobody wants to have cockroaches in their house. Centipedes have many legs. Fleas get onto your pets and bite them. They make your dog or cat itchy. Mosquitoes can make you itchy when they bite you. Have you ever had a mosquito bite?13. The KitchenThe kitchen is where we make and eat our meals. There is a stove in the kitchen. Inside the stove there is an oven where you bake things. You can put a cake into the oven to bake. On top of the stove are burners. The burners get hot. You put pots or pans on the burners. The refrigerator is where we store the food that needs to be keptcold. We keep milk, eggs, cheese and vegetables in the refrigerator. At the top of the refrigerator is the freezer. The freezer keeps things frozen. We have frozen vegetables, ice cream and ice cubes in the freezer. We have a toaster in the kitchen. You put the bread in the toaster, and it turns into toast. We have an electric kettle. We boil waterto make tea in the kettle. There is a double sink in the kitchen. That is where we wash the dishes. We turn on the hot tap, and put some dish detergent into the sink to wash the dishes. Sometimes we put the dishes into the dishwasher, and the dishwasher washes the dishes. There are other things in the kitchen. There are utensils like knives, forks and spoons. There are tea towels and dish clothes. There are oven mitts and pot holders to take hot things out of the oven. There are pots to cook and boil things in. There are pans to fry things. We have dishes that we eat from. We have plates for our dinner, and bowls that we can put our soup in. We drink from cups, or coffee mugs, or glasses. We keep our juice in a pitcher or a jug. There is a timer that you can set when you are cooking. The timer buzzes when the food is ready. We also have a microwave oven in the kitchen. If we are in a hurry, we cook our food in the microwave.14. VegetablesVegetables are very good for you. They say that you should have three servings of vegetables every day. I like green peas. I like corn when it is on the cob. Carrots are good to eat raw. You can make a salad and put lots of different vegetables into the salad. In my salads, I like lettuce, tomatoes, celery, cucumber, radishes, cauliflower and spring onions. I try to have a salad with dressing on it every day. My brother will only eat potatoes. He likes his potatoes baked. My mother likes to buy her vegetables at the market. She says they are fresher there. My mother buys a lot of onions. She puts onions in almost all the meals that she cooks. Some children won’t eat their vegetables. I didn’t like some vegetables at first, but I have become used to them. I like having vegetables with my meals.15. PetsThere are many different animals that you can have for pets. The most common pets are cats and dogs. I think the second most common pets are birds and fish. You can hug a cat or a dog. You can play with a cat or a dog, but it is difficult to play with a bird or a fish. Some birds are very smart, and they can be taught to do things. Parrots are very clever. Some of them even talk. Birds usually stay in birdcages. Fish have to stay in the water in a tank or a fishbowl. I have a friend who has a lizard for a pet. She has to buy live crickets for her lizard to eat. Another friend of mine has a pet snake. I don’t think I would like to have a pet snake. There are different types of dogs. Some dogs are very big, and some are small. Some dogs are noisy, and they bark a lot. Other dogs are quiet and obedient. I once had a dog. I used to take it for walks. There are different types of cats too. My mother had a Persian cat. It was very furry. My mother said that it used to shed fur all over the house. Pets are a lot of fun, but they are a lot of work too. To be a good pet owner, you have to be very responsible.。
Dictation (1)综合英语听写
Dictation (Unit One)With hope of finding more survivors/of Turkey’s devastating earthquake/now all but gone, / the Turkish authorities are turning their attention / to caring for those who have survived.A full-scale relief effort / in the area hit by the earthquake /is finally beginning after days of confusion. / Turkish and foreign volunteers / have been joined by soldiers and the police, / and heavy equipment /sent by nearby cities and by private companies / has been moved to almost every victimized town.The Minister of Housing estimated that / 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed/ or seriously damaged in the quake. / It is hoped that /within a few days, / many of the homeless / will be moved /out of the fields and tents /where they are now living. / Forty-two countries and 38 international organizations / have sent aid to Turkey. / The World Bank had sent $200 million/for housing construction.Dictation (Unit Two)I think / that a successful old age is easiest for those / who have strong impersonal interests / leading to suitable activities. / It is in these activities / that long experience is really fruitful, / and the wisdom born of experience /can be used /without becoming a burden. / It is no use telling grown-up children / not to make mistakes, / both because they will not believe you, / and because mistakes are an essential part of education. / But if you are one of those /who are incapable of /impersonal interests, / you may find that /your life will be empty / unless you concern yourself / with your children and grandchildren. / In that case/ you must realize /that while you can still help them / in material ways, / you must not expect /that they will enjoy your company.Dictation (Unit Three)Love means that I know the person I love. / I’m aware of the many sides of the other person / —not just the beautiful side / but also the limitations. / I have an awareness / of the other’s feelings and thoughts. / I can see the other person on a deeper level.Love means that I care about the welfare / of the person I love. / If I care about yr, / I am concerned about your growth, / and I hope you will become / all that you can become.Love means trusting the person I love. / If I love you, /I trust that you will accept my caring and my love / and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. / I trust/ that you will find me lovable / and that you won’t abandon me. / If we trust each other, / we are willing to be open to each other / and reveal our true selves.Dictation (Unit Four)The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, /English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, /especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations /and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the west.Dictation (Unit Five)With the invention of the radio, /newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed /would displace the newspaper industry altogether.Others hoped /that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listener s’ interest in the story/ so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. /However, this is not always the case. /Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, /the motion picture suffered greatly. /Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.Dictation (Unit Six)My Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!”The Foreign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me. / I had to get my passport and official permission / to leave on December 5.There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get me hanged.The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / Ｉagain thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. /Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution became clear. It was risky, / but it was worth a try.Dictation (Unit Seven)Professors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, /but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. / A professor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or her differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers./ Students must realize / that when a teacher’s role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.Dictation (Unit Eight)It could be the title of a 21st-century movie: /“Death by Global Warming.” Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes /global warming may account for /millions of human deaths from disease. /Right now / the evidence of / significant global climate change /is minimal, / but there are already noticeable increases/ in human disease worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease /is due to numerous environmental factors, /including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortage of food. /Global warming will only / make matters worse.Global climate change /will result in a loss of available food. /Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, /these beneficial effects / will not be so great./ Crop losses from plant disease and weeds / will increase in a warmer climate.Dictation (Unit Nine)Wealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money/ is productive work and a real contribution /towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable.Dictation (Unit Ten)As the eldest son of my parents / who were themselves poor, / I had to, fortunately, / begin to do some work / while still very young / in order to earn a living, / and therefore came to understand / in early boyhood / that my duty was to assist my parents / and become, as soon as possible, / a breadwinner in the family.It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve / to rise every morning, except Sunday, / to go to the factory / while it was still dark, / and not to be released / until after darkness came again in the evening, / with only a forty-minute break at noon.But I was young and had my dreams, / and something within always told me /that this would not, could not, should not last / —I should some day get into a better position. / Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, / but quite a little man, / and this made me happy.Dictation (Unit Eleven)Take the control away from your offender. / Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person / who caused you pain. / Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, /learn to look for the love, / beauty and kindness around you.Try to see things /from the other person’s perspective. / If you empathize with that person, / you may realize /that he or she was acting / out of ignorance, fear —even love. / To gain perspective, / you may want to write a letter to yourself / from your offender’s point of view.Recognize benefits of forgiveness. / Research has shown /that people who forgive / report more energy, /better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don’t forget to forgive yourself. / For some people, /forgiving themselves / is the biggest challenge. / But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do so.Dictation (Unit Twelve)Moral Intelligence is the theory / put forth by Dr. Coles, / that children learn some of the most important lessons / by observing the behavior of those around them / in authority positions / (mainly parents and teachers). / His background in child psychology / is deep and he makes / full use of ideas /from other experts/ in the field. / His theory goes beyond the teaching of moral lessons / such as “you shouldn’t steal, or lie”/ and reaches a deeper level of analysis. / He theorizes/ that children pick up / and retain information about moral behavior /from witnessing the action of others. / He feels that this manner of learning / has a more lasting impact on children. / Moral intelligence is created by children, /but can be modeled by proper guidance.Dictation (Unit Thirteen)Karl Marx was the most important of all socialist thinkers / and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, / and the political system called communism. /Marx developed his revolutionary theories /over a period of four decades beginning in 1843. / He formulated his theories / with the intention to liberate wage workers or laborers /from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. / He maintained that in order to emancipate humanity / from economic domination, / a social revolution was needed. / He helped to organize the international socialist movement. / His ideas motivated radical activists / who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. / Marxism, reduced to the theory / that all events are caused by economic self-interest, / had a strong influence on many areas of though / from politics to history to literature.Dictation (Unit Fourteen)Good luck to the Bridge and Groom. / Many ancient practices /that were supposed to prevent bad luck / and bring blessings to the bridal pair/ have come down through the years. / In many Western countries / people shower the bridal pair with confetti / to express the hope that the couple will be blessed with children. / Tin cans or old shoes are sometimes tied to the automobile / that carries the bride and groom away. / This practice may have come out of the ancient belief / that loud noises frighten bad spirits away. / To assure good luck, / brides often heed the old saying and wear for the wedding / “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue.” / The bride’s good fortune in getting a husband/ may be handed on to the unmarried girl / who catches the bride’s bouquet after the marriage. / According to an old belief / the groom carried his bride over the threshold of their new home / to protect her form being caught /by any mischievous sprits hiding nearby.。
高级英语视听说1 全部 Dictation 答案
DictationP27.Chapter 4a.Check your email regularly.b.Keep your email messages brief.c.Be careful how you express yourself.d.Don’t forward somebody else’s email without permission.e.Put a clear subject title in the subject box.P69.Chapter 10a.Both Charles and David work in an office.b.Both of my brothers are married.c.C has two children,and D does,too.d.D likes to play golf,and so does C.e.The two of them have very similar lifestyles.P75.Chapter 11a.Both women were 24tear old when they married.b.Neither of the women was interested in politic.c.Both were socially prominent women who spoke French.d.Both Mrs Lincoln and Mrs Kennedy suffer the death of a child.e.Neither Mrs K nor Mrs L was injured by the assassin.P99.Chapter 14a.The South lost the war because fewer man and far fewer supplies.b.The South could not ship supplies to its soldiers since it did not have many railroads.c.The North won the war as a result of its industrial power.d.The soldiers of the South suffered because of lack of food.e.The great number of soldiers in the North was due to the fact that it had a larger population.Write shout answersP10.Chapter 21.Summer2. 79 C.E.3. Large dark cloud4.Pompeii was located at the foot of Mt.Vesuvius.5. 1748。
Dictation1
• Restrict • Ambitious • Eternal / temporary • Presentation • Shortcoming • Possibility • Retain / remain • awareness
• Hold back • Make the best of • Break through • Break out • Hold back • Setback n.
Week 13
• • • • • • • • • • 1. n. 一致同意 2. vt. 超过，越出 3. n. 大量，丰富 4. a. 赞同的；有利的 5. n. 反对，异议 6. n. 隐私 7. n. 前后一致；一贯 8.坚持，忠于 9.按平均值；通常 10.参考，查阅；涉及
Week 13
Week 2
• • • • • • • • • •
1. a. 值得(做)的 2. vt. 消耗；吃完 3. a. 慷慨的 4. a. 谦虚的 5. vt. 生成，产生 6. a. 明确的；一定的 7. a. 有效的 8. a.上级的，较高的 9. a. 显著的 10. vt. 打扰，妨碍
• • • • • • • • • •
11. evolution 12. endure 13. domestic 14. consumption 15. fault 16. exaggerate 17. constitution 18. elaborate 19. guideline 20. historical
• • • • • • • • • •
Dictation
• 8. enormous • 9. creative • 10. neglect • 11. insert • 12. phenomenon • 13. principal • 14. continual • 15. work on
DICTATION 1-10
DICTATION 1Human beings can locate sound sources by comparing in the brain the sounds which arrive at each ear. Try a simple experiment: ask a friend to sit in a chair and to close his eyes. Tell him to sit facing in one direction and not to move his head. Make a sharp sound, for example, by clicking the fingers, blowing a whistle or striking a piece of metal, about two meters away from him. Get your friend to point to the source of the sound. Now make the sound at different places around him, still about two meters away. See how good he is at locating the sounds. Make sure that the room is almost silent and do not distract the subject by other noises. Note carefully his performance with sounds in the medial plane. The result will probably show one important factor in location: it is not very accurate when the sound source is at points of equal distance from the two ears.DICTATION 2Surprisingly many English people go on holiday only to return in need of another one. People who normally live quiet, ordinary lives, traveling to and from their work everyday, watching television in the evenings and doing a little gardening on Sundays, decided to take holidays that require the training and fitness of an athlete.Some are astonished and angry because at the end of a couple of days, they ache all over, have pains in their joints and blisters on their heels.Others, accustomed to our cool, rainy summers, spend their time abroad burning themselves in the sun, and eating foreign foods which upset their digestions. The doctor’s surgery is always full of returned holiday-makers in September. Personally my ideal holiday is staying at home and reading books which carry me farther than any summer journey.DICTATION 3William Shakespeare is best known for his plays, but he and his period are also studied by scholars who are interested in theatre architecture. The design of theatres has changed a lot since the Greeks first acted in open air theatres. Every period in history has had its different style of theatres.Shakespeare’s name has always been connected with the Globe Theatre which was in London on the south bank of the River Thames. The Globe, a circular theatre, had no roof and the stage was a rather elaborate structure in the middle of the theatre. Shakespeare acted in this theatre and also helped to manage it.In fact, the Globe, was not very different from many modern theatres. Today, many of the huge theatres of the nineteenth century have disappeared. Modern theatres are more intimate and certainly much smaller. The audience is nearer the stage and in closer contact with the actors. Unlike the Globe, most modern theatres, however, have a roof!DICTATION 4Social insects live in integrated communities which in some ways are similar to human communities. In both types of community there is division of labour. In insect societies certain insects are responsible for reproduction; the workers collect food while the soldiers defend the colony. In the same way human groups such as farmers and shopkeepers have specialized functions in producing goods and providing services to the community.Insect and human societies are also alike in that individual members of the community work together. Ants coordinate their efforts to build nests. Similarly, in human societies engineers, architects, town planners and construction workers unite to build cities.The nests of social insects are as complex as a man-made city. In some insect nests special accommodation is provided for the young and for food storage. Many nests also have devices for regulating the temperature. So insect nests are as functional as human houses.DICTATION 5Many people’s favorite hobby is sports. They spend much of their spare time playing team games like football or baseball, games for two or four people, like tennis, or golf or practising an individual sport like running, parachuting or swimming. People usually practice a sport for at least two reasons. First they enjoy it and second, they feel a need to keep fit in that they feel better after they have had some exercise.But sport is not just for participants. It’s for spectators too. Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television, or at stadiums. People enjoy being “fans” or supporters of one team or one particular sports personality, and many professionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest Hollywood movie stars.Of course, spectators particularly enjoy watching international matches and contests, and events such as the Olympic Games or the World Cup attract more and more spectators as time goes by.DICTATION 6Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and prairies into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However, man’s changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside.So it is necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.DICTATION 7Buckingham House was built for the Duke of Buckingham in the eighteenth century. However, it became a royal residence in 1775 when George III bought it. His son, George IV, began the reconstruction of the house, which was not finished until the time of Queen Victoria who was the first queen to live there.Today, the Queen’s home is officially called Buckingham Palace, although many Londoners still call it Buck House. When the queen is in residence, a flag called the Royal Standard flies at the top of a pole. The palace is guarded by sentries of the Guards Division. The guards are changed in the morning in the forecourt behind the railings. The ceremony is always very popular with tourists, who take many photographs, mainly because it is so colorful. The new guard marches behind a band and arrives in the forecourt at about 11:30. The ceremony usually lasts halfan hour.DICTATION 8Vandalism, v-a-n-d-a-l-i-s-m, that is the senseless destruction of other people’s property, seems to have become part of modern life. We have also come to accept robbery with violence in our streets as a common danger. It is interesting to note that in the past when London was blacked out every night, vandalism and robbery were practically unknown. People walked the streets in complete darkness without fear of being attacked or robbed on their way home.Perhaps it is true to say that in our modern, progressive society vandalism and robbery express a revolt against idleness, the despair of young people who have no purpose in life and who face unemployment from the moment they leave school. So it is our job to make sure that the young feel wanted, useful and necessary to the society they live in.DICTATION 9It was not until the beginning of this century that it was recognized that certain substances were essential in the diet to prevent, or cure, some diseases. These substances are now known as vitamins. They are vital for growth, good health, and maintenance of the normal functions of the body.A well-balanced diet should provide all the vitamins we normally require. Those of us who are fortunate enough to be able to buy sufficient food should not suffer from vitamin deficiency. However, for various reasons, some people do not maintain a balanced diet. People often lose their appetite because of illness. People living alone may not bother to eat proper meals, and people on a diet may not eat sufficient quantities of necessary foods. Moreover, modern methods of preserving, freezing, and long-term storage of food, together with overcooking, can destroy many of the vitamins.DICTATION 10At 3:45 p.m. on August 6th 1976 Big Ben stopped working.The engineers who repaired the clock believe that the breakdown was the result of metal fatigue. Metals deteriorate owing to repeated stresses above a certain critical value.Part of the clock mechanism fractured. As a result, the speed of the gear wheels increased from above one and a half revolutions per minute to 16,000 rpm. The resulting centrifugal force threw pieces of the clock mechanism in all directions. It also damaged the mechanism which drives the clock’s hands.The metal fatigue had never been noticed, as fatigue cracks are invisible to the naked eye. The engineers have now fitted a device that will prevent the accident from happening again. Any increase in speed will cause a brake to be applied to the gear wheel. The engineers are confident that Big Ben will remain accurate and reliable for another 200 years.。
大一听力教材Dictation部分（1）
⼤⼀听⼒教材Dictation部分（1）Unit1Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable —especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.Unit2Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing cold in w inter. In Lhasa, the mildest city in Tibet, temperatures may exceed 29 degrees Celsius in summer while plummeting to -16 degrees Celsius in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunl ight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that there are great temperature extremes on the same day! The average temperature in northern Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperatures, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September represent the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.Unit3I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran on to the platform and up to the train. Luckily, someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was moving out of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passenger. The compartment was full, but I was the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them. All except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watchingme in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.She spoke first, however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked.“Y ou look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.Unit4Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk, he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?”“Go,” Aesop answered.“I know I must go,” said the traveler, “but I should like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.”“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.“This man must be mad,” the traveler thought and went on.After he had gone some distance, Aes op shouted after him, “Y ouwill get to town in two hours.” The traveler turned round in astonishment. “Why didn’t you tell me that before?” he asked.“How could I have told you before?” answered Aesop. “I did not know how fast you could walk.”Unit5Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is more true than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level or skills.Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase in annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more than their high school counterparts over a lifetime.Unit6I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The sta tion’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Y outh Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books I drove to therinks where the skater trained, and made notes about our conversation. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.Unit7Thomas Edison was often said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of history who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy just because someone said he was a genius. “There is no such thing as Genius,” Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they did not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking could give men enjoyment and pleasure.Unit8The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says hunger kills millions of people each year—especially children. The UN organization says millions more people will die unless more money is invested to fight against hunger.This is based on the results of a new UN study called “The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2002”. It found that more than nine million people die each year from huger. Six million of them are children younger than age five. Researchers also found that the number of starving people is growing in some parts of the world.The report says that about eight hundred and forty million people around the world are not getting enough food to eat. Ninety-five percent of these people are in developing countries.Unit9In contemporary English, there are many reported differences in the talk of males and females. In same gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than men. Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news. Men tend to respond to an expression of feeling or problems by giving advice or solutions, while women are more likely to mention personal experiences that match or connect with the other woman’s. There is a pattern documented in the American English social context of women cooperating and seeking connection via language, whereas men are more competitive and concerned with power via language. In mixed-gender pairs having conversations, the rate of men interrupting women is substantially greater than the reverse. Women are reported to use more expressions associated with tentativeness, such as “hedges” (sort of; kindof) and “tags” (isn’t it? don’t you?), when expressing an opinion: Well, erm, I think that golf in kind if boring, don’t you?Unit10The University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge. The two universities have a long history of competition with each other and they are the two oldest and most famous universities in England.The date of Oxford’s foundation is unknown, and indeed it may not have been a single event, but there is evidence of teaching there as early as 1096. When Henry II of England forbade English students to study at the University of Paris in 1167, Oxford began to grow very quickly. The foundation of the first halls of residence, which later became colleges, dates from the period and later. Following the murder of two student accused of rape in 1209, the University was disbanded, and this led to the foundation of the University of Cambridge. In 1214, the University returned to Oxford with a charter, and the Universi ty’s status was formally confirmed.。
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Dictation 1Business includes the activities of all commercial producers of goods and services. These producers range from small shops owned by one person to huge organizations owned by thousands of stockholders who have shares in the companies. The word business may refer to producers of the same product or service, such as the clothing business or the insurance business. An individual enterprise may also be called a business.Dictation2We have 3,600 employees worldwide and sales of $3,716 million. We manufacture nearly 20,000 cars, 3,500 trucks, 888 buses, and thousands of industrial engines. Our position as a major international group in 24 European countries and 15 Asian countries is the result of quality, safety, and caring for people and the environment.Dictation 3I know that times have changed, but I was brought up with a nanny and a cook to look after me, and I never went near the kitchen. I was taken aback at first when my son announced that he wanted to be a cook. His grandfather still hasn’t got over it, but his mother and I are happy that he is doing something he enjoys. Nowadays anyone with a job that they enjoy is very lucky.Dictation 4A Working DayI get up at five and start the day with a cup of tea, but I rarely have breakfast. I ju st don’t feel hungry in the morning. I usually get to the office at about half past seven. During the day I speak to many people on the telephone and meet them as well. I always have lunch with colleagues, but we don’t just talk about work. On a normal day I work until about 7 p.m. Then I go home to have dinner. In an average week I have two or three business dinner appointments with clients, staff and managers. I go to bed at eleven or twelve o’clock and so I get five or six hours’ sleep.Dictation 5Buffets are a very popular way of entertaining, especially for large groups. They may be served as a luncheon, dinner, or supper. They may be formal or informal. Food may be served cold or warm. At a buffet many people can be served in a short time. The food is attractively arranged on a long table. Guests take their plates and choose their food from a variety of dishes. Usually they sit at tables. But at informal buffets, people eat standing up. If they do this, they have to eat most foods with a fork or with their fingers.。
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HamletH amle t is the most popular of Shakespeare’s tragedies. In it Shakespeare praised Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinker and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived. Hamlet’s revenge is not only a personal matter. What troubled him most is the injustice, conspiracy and betrayal in the society. Hamlet is three dimensions, a most complex character. He is a thinker caught up in a dilemma, which can only be resolved by a man of action, and this shows the unfairness of life. This play condemnd the hypocrisy, treachery and corruption of the court.The Merchant of VeniceIt is the most outstanding of the four great comedies, although some critics set it apart from the other three sunny comedies, because the theme here is a more serious one and the general tone in the play is not as playful and light-hearted as in the others. The central theme of the play is the triumph of love and friendship over greed and brutality, of benevolence over hatred. The ingenious heroine Portis is the central object of eulogy and the two greta friends Antonio and Bassanio are the heros who eventually conquered the brutal Shylock, and a completely happy ending arrives amid the laughter of the three pairs of lovers. Mnay people today tend to regard the play as a satire of the christian’s hypocrisy and love, and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.ShakespeareHe lived in a transitional period between the old feudal system and new capitalist society. Although he took plots from old legends, he really meant to present the truthful picture of life in contemporary England. Therefore his drama becomes a monument to the English Renaissance, and he is regarded as one of the founders of realism. Being both a playwright and poet, he is very prolific. His plays lay right before our eyes a world of full-blooded characters, which shows Shakespeare’s deep insight into human nature and human relations. He is a great master of English language and created a lot of new words and expressions. He is the greatest of all English authors.BaconBacon is an important English prose writer in the early 17th cent. And the founder of English materialism. According to Marx “ the real ancenstor of English materialism is Bacon”. Bacon’s essays, different from the elaborate language of euphuism, are known for their conciseness, brevity and forcefulness. Epigrams are frequently employed. The finish and balance of Bacon’s style helped to start a tradition in English prose.Metaphysical poetry:The Metaphysical Poets appeared in England at about the beginning of the 17th century, due to the absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism. It is a term applied to a group of seventeenth century poets, such as John Donne, George Herbert and Andrew Marvell. They shared some features in writing, for example, they favored using conceits, hyperboles and overstatements, they liked to develop some peculiar themes but didn’t like to be restrained by strict rhythm. Metaphysical poetry has a philosophical depth that Elizabethan love poems lacked.The major colors of Metaphysical writing:a)The original images and conceits.b)Skillful use of colloquial speech or language;c)Flexible meter and rhythm;d)Extravagant hyperboles;e)Complex and even peculiar themes.John DonneJ ohn Donne, as a leading figure of Metaphysical poetry, influenced English literature in the way of boldness and originality. The most striking feature of Dinne’s poetry is its element of reality. It seems to reflect life in the real rather than a poetic world. The Songs and Sonnets is probably his best-known work. Love is the basic theme in it. Donne believed that the nature of love is the union of soul and body. Donne’s diction is simple, but always shocking and imaginative.。
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4. 吃一堑，长一智 吃一堑， A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 5. 患难见真情 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 6. 良药苦口 忠言逆耳 良药苦口,忠言逆耳 Advice is like medicine, the better it is, the nastier to take.
4. 班主任 head teacher/class discipline adviser 5. 包分配 guarantee job assignments 6. 必修课 required/compulsory course 7. 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony
8. 德才兼备 combine ability with character/ equal stress on integrity and ability 9. 公费生 government-supported student 10. 奖学金 scholarship 11. 教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge
7.滚石不生苔 滚石不生苔 A rolling stone gathers no moss. 8. 一天一苹果，医生远离我 一天一苹果， An apple a day keeps the doctor away 9.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 少壮不努力， 少壮不努力 A Young idler, an old beggar Or: Idle young， needy old. ，
2o. 培养学生自学能力 to foster the students’ ability to study on their own
综合教程第1册-何兆熊主编-英语专业综合英语1-Dictation-tapescript
综合教程第1册Unit 1I. DictationThroughout history / the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. / Members of the family live together / under the same roof. / They share the economic burdens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has considerable influence / in arranging marriages, / selecting careers / and determining all important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions / where society or the state / does not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group / provides better protection / in times of economic or other emergency.Unit 2Children learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company’s attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 p.m. / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight.Unit 3:I. DictationMother's Day is celebrated / on the second Sunday in May. / On this occasion, / Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts / from her husband and children. / For most mothers, / the rarest and best gift / is a day of rest. / Often, / families honor Mother / by taking her out for dinner. / In some households / the husband and children / take over meal preparations / so that Mom can spend a whole day / away from the kitchen. / Serving her breakfast in bed / is another family ritual. / Later in the day, / parents may take their children / to visit their grandparents. / Flowers are an important part of the day. / Mothers are often given corsages / for the occasion, / particularly if they are elderly.Unit 4DictationIn order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will use a thousand.Unit 5:In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, /you will use a thousand.Unit 6About this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.Unit 7:Our boat floated on, / between walls of forest. / Nowhere did we find a place / where we could have landed. / In any case, / what would we have got by landing? / The country was full of snakes / and other dangerous animals, / and the forest was so thick / that one would be able to advance only slowly, / cutting one’s way with knives the whole day. / We live on fish, / caught with a homemade net of string, / and any fruit and nuts / we could pick up out of the water. / As we had no fire, / we had to eat everything uncooked, / including the fish. / As for water, / there was a choice: / we could drink the muddy river water, / or die of thirst.Unit 8I believe my father is a talented man. / He is decisive and efficient in doing things. / By his own talents and efforts, / he has secured for the family a good social position / and a comparatively rich life. / People of all fields come to my house, / and from them I have gained lots of valuable social experience / and seen a lot of joys and sorrows of the world. /But at home he is a harsh parent. / He has high expectations of me. / When I am idling away my time, / I can see that it hurts him deeply. / When I am doing something great, / such as writing a book, / he is more than excited. / With such a father, / I always remind myself that I must go on and on, never give up.Unit 9It’s that time of the year again, / when the entertainment world gets excited about the Oscars / and the madness that surrounds Hollywood’s biggest night of the year. / Everybody has an opinion / on which film should take home the Best Picture Prize / and who should walk away with the statuette for Best Actor and Best Actress. / But it’s only after the ceremony is over / that the real analysis begins. / People commented on the acceptance speeches, / rate the host on his or her performance, / and examine all attendee closely, / from their hairstyle right down to their socks.Unit 10It is simple enough to say / that since books have classes / -fiction, biography, poetry / -we should separate them / and take from each what it is right / that each should give us. / Yet few people ask from books / what books can give us. / Most commonly we come to books / with blurred and divided minds, / asking of fiction that it shall be true, / of poetry that it shall be false, / of biography that it shall be flattering, / of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. / If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, / that would be an admirable beginning. / Do not dictate to your author: / try to become him. / Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.Unit 11After the war our church was in a very bad condition. / So we decided to build a modern one / at the top of a hill outside our town. / We raised a lot of money and bought all the necessary materials. / We built the walls of stone and glass, / and the heavy doors of wood and metal. / It was one of the most attractive buildings in town / when it was completed. / From the top of the church there is a wonderful view. / You can see the entire town and countryside / for miles around. / People from all parts of the country / come and visit the church every day.Unit 12A major topic of sociolinguistics / is the connection, if any, / between the structures, vocabularies, / and ways of using particular languages / and the social roles of the men and women / who speak these languages. / Do the men and women who speak a particular language / use it in different ways? / If they do, / do these differences arise from the structure of that language, / or alternately, / do any differences that exist / simply reflect the ways / in which the sexes relate to each other in that society, / whatever the reason? / These issues have generated / a considerable amount of thought and discussion / in the last decades of the twentieth century.Unit 13For a lot of people, / the word “failure” carries with it / a feeling of coming to an end, / but for the successful leader, / failure is a beginning, / a seed of hope. / Leaders don’t allow themselves / to be held prisoner by the fear of failure. / They don’t even use the word ”failure,”. / instead they rely on words like “false start, / never failure.”/ The lesson understood by captains of industry / is that failure equals learning. / While we can’t say that they exactly welcome failure, / they are uniform in their ability to profit from it. / They use the healthy energy coming from failure / to reach higher goals. / Almost every “false step” is regarded as an opportunity / and not as the end of the world.Unit 14Broadly speaking, / the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person / who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. / In the presence of strangers or foreigners / he often seems shy, / even embarrassed. / You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening / to see the truth of this. / Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers / or dozing in a corner; / no one speaks. / In fact, / to do so would seem most unusual. / An English wit, / pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, / once suggested, / “On entering a railway compartment / shake hands with all the passengers.” / Needless to say, / he was not being serious. / There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior / which, if broken, / makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.。
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6 The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.7. PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles!Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!8. Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.9. Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. his father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quiet child who spent much of his time along. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child wasfilled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Y et he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.10. Private CarsWith the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Yet opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person.It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. However, others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people.Whether private cars should be developed in China is difficult question to answer. Y et the desire for comfort and independence that private cars can bring will not be eliminated.11. A henpecked husband and his wifeThere was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly wages every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in his company every day.One day, the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.“Y ou will never guess what happened to me today, dear” he said.He waited for a few seconds and then added, “I won ten thousand dollars on the lottery!”“That’s wonderful!” said his wife delightedly. But then she pulled a long face and added angrily, “But now how could you afford to buy the ticket?”12. A young man’s promiseOne day a young man was writing a letter to his girl friend who lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote, the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest, and he would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands.He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So in postscript below his name, he added:“By the way, I’ll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn’t rain.”13. A kind neighborMr. and Mrs. Jones’ apartment was full of luggage, packages, furnitures and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the bell ring. Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her come in and apologized because there was no place for her to sit. “Oh, that’s OK,”said the lady, “I just come to welcome you to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city neighbors are friendly at all. There are some apartment houses where people don’t know any of their neighbors, not even the ones next door. But in this building everyone is very friendly with everyone else. We are like a big family. I’m sure you’ll be very happy here.” Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, “But madam, we are not new dwellers in this apartment. We’vet lived here for two years. We’re moving out tomorrow.”14. That isn’t our faultMr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them.Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, “They’ll be ready for next Wednesday. Y ou can get them from studio.”“No,” Mrs. William said, “please send them to us.”The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer’s studio. She went inside and said angrily, “Y ou took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I’m not going to pay for them.”“Oh, why not?” the photographer asked.“Because my husband looks like a monkey,” Mrs. Williams said.“Well,” the photographer answered, “that isn’t our fault. Why didn’t you think of that before you married him?”15 A guild’s answerIn 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1965, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgotten the Northerners.A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stirring stories about how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there.At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guide and said to him, “But surely the Northern army must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?”“Not as long as I’m the guide here, madam,” answered the Southern guide.16. A qualified PilotThe captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliarwith it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fisherman pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on board and asked him where to steer the ship.After half an hour the captain began to suspect that fisherman did not really know what he was doing and where he was going.“Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?” he asked.“Oh, yes,” answered the fisherman. “I know every rock on this part of the coast.”Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the fisherman added, “And that’s one of them.”17. Living things reactY ou and all organisms live in an environment. An environment is made up of everything that surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms.An organism responds to changes in its environment. When an organism responds to a change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond in some way.Have you ever noticed how plants and insects respond to light? Plants bend toward light. Insects fly toward light.Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond to a change in season. In autumn, they change colors and then fall off the branches. Animals also respond to a change in season. Squirrels save nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave.Y ou respond to your environment in many ways, too. Y ou may shiver if you are old. What other ways do you respond to changes in your environment?18. Flowering PlantsWhat are the parts of a flower?Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs that become seeds. The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. To make seeds, pollen and eggs must come together. The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to eggs. Many animals love flowers’ bright colors. They also like a sugary liquid in flowers. This is called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. As they move, some of this pollen gets delivered to the female flower parts.Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals often eat the fruits and the seeds pass through their bodies as waste. The animals do not know they are working for the plants by planting seeds as they travel to different places. 19. Finding the direction and locationHow can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning and the west in the afternoon. At night, use the Big Dipper to help you find the North Star. It would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north.How do you know how far you have gone? Y ou could count every step. Each stepis about two feet. Y ou’d better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. If you know where you started, which direction you are heading, and how far yo u have gone, you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are.Today there is a new way for travelers to figure our where they are. It is the GPS. It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a small receiver as you hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet.20. W avesHow does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the stage to the audience? They move the same way---in waves.Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even though you cannot see them. The energy of some waves is destructive. An earthquake produces seismic waves.Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake the spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you!Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles) per second! They can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth!21. SoilsThere are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too.Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of soils found in the United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of clay. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand.In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the soil downhill.The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there.。
Dictation 1 The Greenhouse Effect 温室效应
Dictation 1 The Greenhouse Effect 温室效应（146 words）To get a better understanding of global warming, / it is important to understand the greenhouse effect. / The greenhouse effect is the rise in the temperatures / caused by absorption of the Sun’s heat and light by the Earth’s surface / which then is reflected back and trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere. / The greenhouses gases, help to keep the Earth warm, / and this is the reason why life on Earth has existed, and still thrives. / However, with an increase in the gases like carbon dioxide, ozone, / and water vapor in the atmosphere, / as an outcome to growing environmental pollution; / industrial, domestic, and loss of vast stretches of grassland and rain forest, / Earth has gotten nearly 14% hotter / than what it used to be 50 years ago, / with 2005 being recorded as the hottest year ever. / Besides humans and plants, global warming effect on animals is a cause of concern. /Dictation 2 Christmas Candles 圣诞蜡烛（146 words）Frankly speaking, Christmas candles are no different / from any other decorative candle / that you might find in the shops all through the year. / But the very fact that they are lit up during Christmastime gives them the look of a festival. / Christmas candles are big in size and designed in several shapes. / You will find the common round shapes / — Christmas candles tend to play up on the thickness so that they can burn longer, / all through the Christmas Eve if desired. / Traditional colors of Christmas candles are preferably red or golden, the colors of the season./ But you will find all colors on the shelves nowadays. / However, if other colors are used, / they are often decorated with obvious Christmas designs / to make them part of the season. / Red and golden candles are usually kept as they are, / because the colors themselves lend grace to the season. /Dictation 3 Unions 工会（147 words）Nearly 100 years ago, America’s working people began to join t ogether / to improve their wages and their working situations. / The formed unions in discussions with owners of businesses and factories. / This idea became known as collective bargaining. / Unions were started at separate local factories. / Slowly unions in several factories started to join together. / As they gained size, the unions were able to gain strength and effectiveness. / By the 1950’s unions were successfully representing their members in most American industries. / Unions began as organizations for factory workers. / Later skilled workers such as electricians and plumbers organized into unions. / Recently professional people have also begun to form unions. / The unions not only represent the workers in discussions with business management. / They also train workers for jobs, give members money if they lose their jobs, / and pay workers pensions when they retire. / Unions have become established institutions of American industry.Dictation 4 Weather Language 天气成语（142 words）British people are famous for always talking about the weather, / but the weather also affects the way we speak and the phrases we use. /As more winter weather batters the UK, / I will demonstrate how the British obsession with weather has influenced our language. / The return of snowstorms to the UK proves / that when it comes to bad weather it never rains but it pours. / The police have warned that unnecessary road travel is not recommended / but some motorists have thrown cauti on to the wind / and made their journeys anyway, / claiming that it’s all a storm inteacup. / Those whose cars are stuck in the snow / may consider themselves to be twisting in the wind./ There are problems too for local councils / who are running out of sand and grit for the roads, / having not saved enough supplies for a rainy day. /Dictation 5 Green Living 绿色生活（146 words）We all know that humans are damaging the environment, / but what can we do about it? / Some people are trying to do their bit / to try to be more environmentally friendly. /Can we help the environment by being green? / Local councils in Britain encourage certain aspects of green living, / such as recycling paper, tin, plastic and glass. / They want to reduce the amount of rubbish going into landfill sites, / because they are running out of places to dump rubbish. / In some areas rubbish for recycling is collected from your doorstep, but in other areas, / you have to take it to a special recycling place, such as a bottle bank. / Another way of reducing the amount of rubbish you create / is to use reusable products instead of disposable ones. / For example, some people use strong shopping bags or boxes for their groceries / instead of plastic carrier bags. /Dictation 6 Teamwork 团队协作（146 words）Teamwork is acknowledged as the most important aspect of any enterprise. / The concept of teamwork seems to be misunderstood by many people and businesses. / Teamwork is built around a leader / as he or she is there to organize the team / and guide it in the most productive manner. / The importance of this leadership skill / is shown in the education devoted to teaching it. / Good leadership depends on being able to use the personality / of the team in an efficient way. / A leader is able to use each member of the team as they contribute to the project. / This entails listening to their suggestions / and applying them if they prove useful. / This cooperation between team members and leaders / has proved successful in ventures where they are applied. / As we all know, Germany is excellent in how teamwork in companies can be used to further the success of business. /Dictation 7 Tea 茶（145 words）Tea is one of the greatest cultural treasures of Chinese civilization. / Tea was historically discovered by the legendary emperor, Shennong, / who believed that water was safe to drink only by first boiling it. / One day he noticed some leaves had fallen into his boiling water. / The ever curious monarch took a sip of the brew / and was pleasantly surprised by its flavor and its restorative properties. / Tea remained in Chinese hands for centuries, / before foreign explorers brought this to an enthusiastic public in Europe and other places. / Tea drinking then became a standard feature of the Chinese culture. / Regions famous for Chinese tea in the south / have produced much of the world’s tea. / China for centuries has been acting as the first nation of tea / because of its outstanding products. / Today, Chinese tea must compete against foreign teas / from many other places in the world. /Dictation 8 Children’s Health 孩子的健康（142 words）Parents must remember that their children need to eat plenty of healthy foods. / This does not include most snacks, / as they are high in salt and sugar. / This is also true of such unhealthyfood that comes from fast food. / People that need to watch their health should go on a green diet. / This means that there is much more vegetables / than meat or sugar products. / They should mind these eating do’s and don’ts in order not to gain weight. / It is much easier to not to gain weig ht than it is in trying to get rid of it. / Sleeping and rest are also essential to having a healthy lifestyle. / This allows your body to readjust / and gain energy for the next day. / In addition to food and rest, / proper sports must be injected / in order to strengthen the body and lose weight. /Dictation 9 Present Flowers 送花（154 words）Perhaps the most popular way to present a gift is to present flowers / because flowers appeal to all our senses / and brighten up our lives and our hearts. / Perhaps you can find it difficult to express your exact feelings and sentiments in words / but you can express your exact sentiments by presenting flowers. / Flowers bring good cheer and convey the right message /in their own language —truest language of love. / That’s why the popularity of flowers is. / Flowers are a classic gift for any occasion and they are always welcomed. / There are many occasions when flowers are sent to loved ones. / Wedding ceremony, birt hday, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, Easter, Thanksgiving Day / are some such occasions when you send flowers to your friends and relatives. / A red rose gifted by you to your beloved on the occasion of Valentine’s Day / fills the heart of your beloved wit h fragrance / and those sentiments which you can’t say in words. /Dictation 10 Colleges and Universities in the United States 美国的高校（152 words）There are thousands of colleges and universities in the United States. / Nearly half of the high school graduates in America go on to college. / Most go to large state universities. / Some of these universities have 40,000 or more students. / There are also many small universities with only a few hundred students. / Large universities have many buildings, each building for a particular subject. / Students often must go from one class in one building / to the next class in another building across campus. / They may have only a few minutes between classes to go from one building to another. / When students begin the university, they must take classes in many subjects. / These are the required courses. / English and math are usually required courses / and often a history and a science course are required too. / Students will study mostly required courses during their first year. / Later, they will specialize, and take courses in one subject. /。
Dictation 1(R)
Dictation – 1（R）1. a race against time: 和时间赛跑racial discrimination/conflict: 种族歧视/种族冲突2. a radiation leak from a nuclear power station: 核电站的辐射泄漏radioactivity n. 放射性the radioactive substances emitted by radium: 镭释放出的放射性物质radiate v. 辐射；放射3.radical politicians/students/writers: 激进的政治家/学生/作家4.be dressed in rags: 衣衫褴褛be torn to rags: 被撕碎5.lean over the rails: 倚在栏杆上railway=railroad n. 铁路6.After rain comes fair weather. 雨过天晴；否极泰来。
7.rainproof fabric: 防雨水织物splashproof /showerproof / waterproof: 防水的8.raise ones’ hat to sb.: 对某人表示钦佩raise children/ cattle/ wheat: 养育孩子/养牛/种植小麦9.at random: 随意，随机，胡乱 a random sample/selection: 随机抽样/选取10.a wide range of facilities: 各种各样的设施 a wide range of knowledge: 广博的知识the range of vision: 视觉范围out of one’s range: 能力达不到的，知识以外的range from…to…/between…and…:（在一定的范围内）变化，变动to range in size/length/price from A to B: 尺寸/长度/价格在A到B间变动range from A to B: 包括（从…到…）之间的各类事物a boundary that ranges from A to B: 从A地延伸到B地的边界11.rank first on the list: 名单上位居第一be of the first rank: 是一流的people of all ranks: 各阶层的人们12.on rare occasions: 难得的rarity n. [C]珍品，稀有物；[U]稀有，罕见13.at the/a rate of…: 以……的比率/速度at any rate: 不管怎样at this/that rate: 照这样/那样下去14.rather (quite) a hot day/ a rather hot day: 非常热的一天rather worse/ rather too bad: 更糟糕/太差or rather: 更确切地说rather than: 而不是rather…than…: 是…而不是…would do sth. rather than do sth.= would rather do sth. than do sth. = prefer (doing) sth. to (ding) sth.15.raw materials: 原料raw meat: 生肉16.a ray of hope: 一丝希望17.reach (one’s hand or arm out) for sth.: 伸手去拿reach us by telephone: 通过电话找到我们reach an agreement/a conclusion: 达成协议/得出结论reach as far as the river: 一直延伸到河边beyond/out of one’s reach: 在可及的范围外/不能理解within one’s reach: 在可及的范围内far-reaching effects: 深远的影响18.react against: 反抗，反对react to: 作出反应，回应(react to light: 对光有反应)19.read one’s mind/thoughts: 看出某人的心思read … through: 通读，从头到尾细读一遍20.ready-made clothes: 现成的衣服be ready to do: 准备好做某事；乐于做某事get ready for: 为……做好准备be too ready to give advice/with advice: 老爱提建议21.real [opp.]: imaginary true [opp.]: false22.in reality=in fact turn…into reality: 把……变成现实23.in the rear (=back) of the house: 在房子的后部（房子的一部分）at the rear (=back) of the house: 在房子的后面（不是房子的一部分）the rear door/ mirror/ wheels/ lights: 后门/后视镜/后轮/尾灯24.for some reason(s): 由于某种(些)原因the reason for (doing) sth.: ……的原因reason sb. into/ out of (doing) sth.: 说服某人做/不做某事There is every reason to do sth.:有充分的理由做某事reason with sb.: 和某人讲道理；规劝reason sth out: 通过思考想出对策= figure out25.rebel against sb./sth.: 造反；反抗，反叛rebellion n. rebellious adj.26.set about rebuilding their homes: 开始重建家园attempts to rebuild the broken post-war economy: 为恢复支离破碎的战后经济所作的尝试27.recall seeing him somewhere: 回想在哪里见过他recall the workers who had been laid off: 召回解雇了的工人28.receive guests at the door: 在门口迎接客人be well received:（书、节目等）饱受欢迎29.reception desk/room: 服务台/接待室to make out (= write) a receipt 写收据30.vegetarian recipes: 素菜食谱 a recipe for sth.: 某事的秘诀/ ……的制作方法31.recite a poem to the class: 在班上背诵一首诗recitation n.32.be recognized (as sth) 赞赏；赏识；看重；公认to change/alter beyond recognition: 变得面目全非；沧海桑田33.recommend/advise doing sth.: 建议做某事recommend/advise sb. to do sth.recommend/advise that 从句（虚拟语气）recommendation n. [U]推荐[C]建议，介绍信34.record all your expenses during your trip: 记下你一路上的所有开支keep a record/records of sth.: 把……记录下来set (up) a new record: 创新记录break a record: 打破纪录record-breaking adj. 打破记录的35.recover from one’s illness= recover one’s health: 康复recover one’s senses/consciousness: 苏醒过来recover one’s lost pen: 寻回遗失的钢笔an economic recovery: 经济会复苏36.the need to improve facilities for leisure and recreation: 改进消遣娱乐设施之必要These areas are set aside for public recreational use. 这些地方已经划出来用于公共娱乐。
Dictation 1
1.Unhappiness in middle age, also known as midlife crisis,2.is a universal experience.3.People around the world seem to share an emotional design in life.4.That design is shaped like the letter U.5.Levels of happiness are the highest when people are young and whenthey are old.6.In the middle, however, most peoples happiness and life satisfactionlevels drop.7.Some people suffer from midlife depression more than others.8.But it happens to men and women, to single and married people,9.to the rich and poor and to those with and without children.10.Generally speaking, people reach their lowest levels between the agesof about forty and fifty-five.11.But then, as they continue into old age,12.their happiness starts to climb back up.13.Why does all this happen?14.One possibility[,pɒsɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]is that people recognize theirlimitations in middle age15.and give up some of their long-held( 长期保留的) dreams.crisis ['kraɪsɪs] 危机universal [juːnɪ'vɜːs(ə)l] adj. 普遍的；通用的depression [dɪ'preʃ(ə)n] n. 沮丧专四听写评分标准1.听写共分15小节，每节1分，扣分一律写在试卷右边的空白处。
dictation 1 建立贸易关系
Dictation 11.I have a feeling that there are bright prospects for us to cooperate inthis field. I wish to enter into business relations with you.2.Your desire happens to coincide with ours.3.Regarding our financial position, credit standing and trade reputation,please refer to our bank or to our local chamber of commerce.4.I think you must have some idea of our company. We’ve beenimporting arts and crafts for many years. The purpose of my coming here is to do business with you.5.I can assure you of our best intentions and closest cooperation.We’re always willing to develop trade with friends from all over the world.6.We are exporting a wide range of foodstuffs to many countries. Andthe demand is getting greater and greater.7.The quality of ours is as good as that of many other suppliers, whileour prices are not as high as theirs.8.Canned goods are of special interest to me, particularly the cannedfruit and meat. As your canned fruit is among the most popular ones in our market I’m going to place an order in a day or two.9.I think it will also find a good market in our country. Will you showme some samples?10.Our canned meat is in various weights. The largest one weighs threeand a half pounds net, the smallest seven ounces net.11.You can rest assured. Our foodstuffs are guaranteed to conform tothe WHO standards.12.They are also among our major exports and have found a favorablereception in many other countries.13.But I am not sure whether they are to the taste of our people. Whatwould you say to my taking some samples home before I make a decision?14.I’ve been in textiles for more than 20 years, but the company hasbeen in business since 1935.15.Textile business has become more difficult since the competitiongrew.。
dictation (1)02011.1
1. This is the VOA Special English Technology Report.Steve Jobs made technology fun. The co-founder of Apple died last Wednesday at the age of fifty-six. He had fought for years against cancer. Mourners gathered outside his house in Palo Alto, California, and Apple stores around the world.2. Steve Jobs was a college dropout. He was adopted by a machinist and his wife, an accountant. They supported his early interest in electronics.3. Steve Wozniak, speaking on CNN, remembered his longtime friend as a "great visionary and leader" and a "marketing genius."President Obama said in a statement: "By building one of the planet's most successful companies from his garage, he exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity. By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun."4. Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember.5. On a cold October day in nineteen fifty-seven, the Soviet Union launched a small satellite into orbit around the Earth. Radio Moscow made the announcement.6. The world's first satellite was called Sputnik 1. Sputnik was an important propaganda victory for the Soviets in the Cold War with the United States.Many people believed the nation that controlled space could win any war. And the Soviet Union had reached outer space first.7. After the war, it became clear that the United States and the Soviet Union -- allies in wartime -- would become enemies in peacetime. So, both countries employed German scientists to help them win the race to space.。
高中英语必修四Unit 4 Dictation 1
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
重点词组 1. 保卫…以免受 defend…against/in defence 2. 向某人介绍某人 introduce sb. to sb. 3. 亲吻某人脸颊 kiss sb. on the cheek together with 4. 与某人一起 5.很可能；有希望 be likely to 6.把手伸出取某物 reach one’s hand out to sb. for sth on the contrary 7. 相反 8.表达某人的感情 express one’s feelings nod at sb. 9. 向某人点头 10.通过…向某人问候 greet sb. with/by in general 11. 总的来说 be curious about 12. 对…好奇 avoid doing 13. 避免做… spoken language 14. 口头语言 approach to 15. 向…靠近
专四英语听写dictation 101-150
Test for English majors grade 4 part I dictation150 Whales suffering from shippingScientists are working to reduce the noise levels experienced by whales from the North Atlantic shipping. The waters of New England are a home to many species of whale. Many are suffering from the noise which disrupts their communication with each other. This in turn is affecting their ability to find food and mates. So a new route has been worked out to reduce the collisions between whales and ships and increase the transit time of ships. And a new application has been developed to give real-time information on the location of whales so that ships avoid the large gatherings of them.transit time 中转时间，通过时间149 English new wordsNew words enter the English language all the time. In recent years, more and more words and phrases have entered the language. But where do all these words come from? Words come out of the culture they represent and describe. So if you’ve got a new development in medicine, for example bird flu, then you’ll get a new word coming out of it. If there is a military conflict, that may well bring all sorts of new words to the fore. So really words come from the playground, politics and any area of life, because every area of life is changing from day to day.148 BankruptcyBankruptcy is a legal process for people and businesses （负债人和负债公司）that are in debt. In America, two kinds of bankruptcy are most common for individuals. They are called chapter 7 and chapter 13. Chapter 13 bankruptcy requires people to have a plan to repay their creditors (债权人; 债主; 贷方). They make payments for 3 to 5 years until most of their debt is paid off. In chapter 7 bankruptcy people must give up some of their property. The property is then sold to pay their creditors. But the people are able to keep the money they earn after they bring their bankruptcy case (to an end).147 Buying a used carThere are several ways to buy used cars. Places that sell new cars usually have used cars for sale as well. The car dealerships汽车经销商get the used cars from people who trade them in （以旧换新）for new cars. These cars might cost more than other used cars, but they are more likely to work well. Some people buy a used car directly from the owner. Car owners advertise these cars for sale over the internet or in the newspaper. It may cost less to buy a car from the owner, but it can also be a bigger risk.146 Black FridayBlack Friday is the beginning of the Christmas shopping season in America. It follows the day of thanksgiving cerebration and has become a discount shopping day when millions of US shoppers are tempted by massive savings. There are two explanations for the day’s name. Some claim it was coined to illustrate the point at which retailers start to make profit or go into the black. Others believe it was first coined by the Philadelphia police department to describe the crowded pavement and traffic-downs on the Friday after thanksgiving.创造(新词语); (用金属)铸(币)，造(硬币)交通瘫痪145 the American dreamEach individual may define the American dream differently. But the general idea is that a person in the US has the freedom to carry out his or her goals. It usually means a person has the chance to work hard, earn money and create a secure life. For many people, this means being able to get a good education, have a good job and own a house. The expression is often linked to immigrants who have come to this country seeking more freedom or a better life than they could have in their own countries.144 allowance=pocket moneyMany children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly. The amount of money that parents give to children to spend differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance; others get a monthly allowance. In any cases, parents should make it clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for (= buy) withthe money.143 bondsBonds are debt owed by a government or a company. The holder of a bond is paid interest when the bond matures. Then the amount of the bond, its face value, is paid back. Investors can buy a new bond and keep it until it matures or they can buy and sell existing bonds. The return on the bond is called the yield. Yields and prices of existing bonds can change as investors trade them. Yields fall when investors seek the security of bonds and are willing to pay higher prices. Yields increase as prices fall.142 healthy eating in older peopleEating well will help people stay healthy and live life to the full. The number of old adults in the world is growing. The greatest challenge over the coming years will be maintaining the health of this increasing number of older people. But the nutritional needs of older adults are difficult to neatly categorize into absolute H group. While many older people are fit and active, some who are younger may be frail and require additional care. To meet their nutritional needs, older adults should eat a varied diet including regular meals and snacks and drinking a fluid.141 office conflictThe office can be very demanding on the lives of the workers. Stress can build up and explode into problems. This can seriously influence the productivity and efficiency of a business. The problems that upset an office can very drastically depend on the nature of the employees or even the employers. Employees may feel that they are being overworked or under-paid. They may also feel that this signals the loss of appreciation on work, which may cause increasing tension as they complain about work. They may also have personality differences that can cause conflict. This can be seen in offices where too close relationships develop.140 sustainable fishingSeafood is respected all over the world as an important source of protein and healthy fat. In order to continue relying on the ocean as an important food source, we need employ sustainable fishing practices. Some of these sustainable fishing practices are still used today. For example, people in Hawaii practice spear-fishing. Modern spear-fishing is practiced all over the world.Another way to prevent overfishing is to simply refrain from eating fish and other seafood. According to marine scientist, people need to take a break from eating seafood until we learn better how to maintain healthy fish and wildlife populations.139 borderA border is a real or artificial line that separates geographic areas. Borders are political boundaries. They separate countries, states, provinces, counties, cities and towns. A border outlines the area that a particular governing body controls. Borders particularly national borders affect travel and migrations. People can usually move freely within their own countries’ borders but may not be allowed to cross into a neighboring country. When neighboring countries have similar wealth and political systems, their borders may be open and undefended. For example people of the 27-country European Union may travel freely among any of the member states.138 food and cultureThe culture of food and dining in the west is a little different from that in china. The proper western dinner at a fine restaurant is one of manners, focusing on conversation. You are expected to have knowledge of table manners such as how to use fork and knife as these are essential in western dining. The meal would consist of several courses, including a soup, salad, the main dish, and the dessert. The atmosphere will be filled with light music that would only serve as background as people converse with each other. This type of dining is different from the dining experience in most restaurants in china.137 different kinds of financial aidsAmerican universities offer different kinds of financial aids to students, including assistantship s, grants, scholarships, and fellowships. An assistantship is a job a students does. Graduate students usually get assistantships. They may teach classes, help grade paper and test or do research in laboratory. A grant is a gift of money to pay for some or all of the costs of college. Unlike loans, grants don’t have to be repaid. Scholarships and fellowships also do not have to be repaid. A scholarship is financial aid to undergraduate student. A fellowship is the same kind of aid for graduate student.136 Disney weddingsEach year, thousands of people get married at Disney theme parks around the world. A simple Disney wedding includes a short ceremony followed by cake for as many as eight guests. Disney weddings are often planned around an idea or theme from a Disney movie. During the most popular theme wedding, the bride and groom might ride to their marriage ceremony in a glass vehicle pulled by horses. Their wedding cake may be served on dishes shaped like castle. Special Disney love songs might be played when the newly-weds dance for the first time. And fireworks might go off when they kiss.135 American IndiansAmerican Indians are the native people in the United States. They belong to more than 500 Indian tribes. Many tribe members live on reservations. These are areas that the United States government set up for native tribes that had lost their lands to European settlers. Some reservations are larger than American states. The bureau of Indian affairs supervises these territories. Tribes on reservations have limited self-rule. Generally, American Indians do not enjoy the same economic and educational success as other Americans.134 bambooBamboo is type of grass with hard, woody and hollow stem. There are 1500 different species of bamboo occurring naturally in every continent except Europe and Antarctic. Bamboo is among the fastest-growing plants on the planet. One Japanese species rockets skywards at a rate of a meter a day. Some bamboos can reach a lofty高耸的35 meters in height, while others are only half a meter tall. Bamboo is famous as an important food source for rare animals such as giant panda and red panda. It is also economically important to humans as a building material and as food.133 wineIt is hard to say how long people have been drinking wine. Wine is far older than recorded history. Some experts say it is even as old as civilization itself. The first wine ever made was probably an accident. People in ancient times might have picked ripe grapes. Some juicy grapes at the bottom of the container were crushed together. As the grapes broke open, yeasts on the skins went towork turning sugar from the fruit into alcohol. This is the fermentation process that turns grape juice into wine.132 body artBody art is the use of the human body as a form of self-expression. Tattooing and piercing are both forms of body art and both have become more socially acceptable in the United States. Tattooing is the art of injecting colors into the skin to create designs. Piercing is putting holes in the body for wearing jewelry. Ancient societies used body art to represent many different things, including social position and religious beliefs. In the United States, tattoos were considered mostly for military men or laborers or young people who disobey their parents. But in recent years, all kinds of people have gotten tattoos.131 the oxford and Cambridge boat raceOxford and Cambridge are the oldest and most famous universities in Britain. And there has always been a great rivalry between the two institutions. But the most public competition between the two is the annual boat race. Both universities are located near rivers and rowing is a popular and prestigious sport. The very first race took place in 1829 when a Cambridge student challenged a school-friend studying at Oxford. Ever since the defeated team from the previous year challenges the opposition to a rematch. The only times when no boat races took place were during the first and second world wars.130 Christmas celebrationsPeople celebrate Christmas in many different ways. Many Christians will go to church the night before the holiday or on Christmas day. Christian minister will speak about the needs for peace and understanding in the world. Many other people celebrate Christmas as an important but non-religious holiday. They have put bright colorful lights on the outside of their houses. For many people, the most enjoyable tradition is buying a Christmas tree, placing it in their house, and decorating it with lights and beautiful objects. On Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, the family will gather around the tree to open presents.129 day of the deadFor Mexicans, the day of October 31 marks the beginning of celebration for the day of the dead. It honors the memory of loved ones who have died while celebrating the continuation of life. The ancient tradition started among the native culture of Mexico. People celebrate day of the dead on November the first and second. Families visit the burial places of their loved ones and make their graves beautiful. They place flowers and lighted candles; they bring special food and drinks and spend the night celebrating and telling stories with other members of their community.128 pubsPubs play an important part in the social structure of the UK. They are places where people of ages and social classes mix to talk and do business or just spend a couple of hours before heading home in the evening. There are many types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter or ale （麦芽啤酒; 一杯(或一瓶、一罐)麦芽啤酒; (泛指) 啤酒）and is usually served at room temperature. If you prefer a cold beer, ask for Stout （烈性黑啤酒）, which is a cold black beer and takes a long time to pour. So don’t be surprised if you have to wait for it. Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits（烈酒，蒸馏酒）such as whisky or gin 杜松子酒.127 restaurant culture in BritainEating out is more popular today in Britain than it has ever been. However, eating out can also be expensive. When going on a first date and wanting to express him or her, or if celebrating an anniversary or birthday, then many people like to go to a restaurant to eat. As in all cultures there are many social rules surrounding food and eating. And nowhere is this more pronounced than when eating in a smart restaurant. People are almost always expected to eat with a knife and fork. And these should be held in the correct hand and used in the correct way. It is also impolite to have your elbows on the dining table when you are eating.125 slangSlang is a popular, less official and often very current form of language. It is an important part of a living language and is constantly changing as language changes. There are many reasons that promote the development of slang. For example, the internet has helped create a whole newkind of computer-related slang. Young people often develop the latest slang. Different professions often have their own slang as well. No matter how well you speak English, there are always new and interesting slang words to discover.124 speechwriting techniquesThe success of a speech is often attributed to the speaker, with merit （功绩）being given to speakers who are confident, articulate, knowledgeable and able to deliver a speech with conviction （坚定的看法(或信念); 深信; 坚信; 坚定; 肯定）. But often it is not the speakers who write these moving speeches, it is a speechwriter. And one industry in which this practice is common is that of politics. So what does it take to be a political speechwriter? Well according to recent job advertisement from the US Embassy in Britain, a political speechwriter needs to have exceptional interpersonal skills （人际交流能力）, be detail-oriented and able to demonstrate a deep knowledge of their subject. They must also work closely with speakers and be able to relate to their style. Some believe that the best speechwriters have an inherent talent, a natural creative instinct, and that speechwriting is an art form. So what about those of us who do not possess such genius? Can we produce successful speeches? In an interview with the BBC, Dr Max Atkinson 美[ˈætkənsən] (a communications specialist沟通交流专家) outlined（概述; 略述）a number of speechwriting techniques. He also illustrated how these techniques have been used in historic speeches. One such technique is introducing contrast. This is extremely useful when presenting a positive spin （正面报道，证明色彩）on a negative issue. One of the most famous examples of this can be seen in a speech given by former American President John F Kennedy: “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.” Another technique is the use of three-part lists （“三次重复”）. Dr Atkinson explains that this can be an excellent way of adding finality（不可改变性，终结，定局）or confirming a statement. Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair was a fan of this technique. One of his most famous campaign slogans was “education, education, education”. These techniques can be used like tools. They can be chosen from a toolbox and applied as necessary. A few other techniques you can find in a speechwriter’s toolbox might be the use of imagery （[ˈɪmɪdʒəri]形象的描述; 意象）, anecdotes and alliteration （[əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃn] 头韵法）. So next time you have to prepare a speech or presentation, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning （吸引人的; 动人的; 迷人的; 可爱的）speechwriter.123 finding a jobThere are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at the announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs, telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses. Another popular tool for finding jobs is the internet. Job searchers can also look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have important announcements placed by companiesseeking workers.122 fairsMillions of Americans enjoy visiting state and county fairs in august, September and October. These agricultural fairs were traditionally held to honor the work of local farmers. Farmers and their family came to the fair to show their crops and animals and compete for prizes. The sounds, smells, tastes of state fairs are part of memories of childhood of man Americans. People enjoy hot corn covered in melted butter, sticky sweet cotton candy and ice cream. State and county fairs offer many things for children and adults to enjoy: games, rides, cultural exhibits and famous entertainers. There is also lots of friendly competition.121 the interstate highway systemThe interstate highway system includes almost 70,000 kilometers of roads. It passes through different areas that are wetlands, mountains, and deserts. The interstate highway system links major cities in the US. It also links the US with Canada and Mexico. The interstate highway system has been an important part in economic growth during the past 40 years. Experts say trucks using the system carry 75% of all products that are sold.120 biking to workMore Americans than ever are riding their bicycles to work. They are doing this because of gas prices, a slowing economy and concerns about the environment. Riding a bicycle to work doesn’t burn fossil fuel or create dangerous pollutants. Members of Congress have supported bicycling as environmentally friendly transportation. Cities, counties, state governments and state highway transportation agencies are planning the roadways of the future. They are creating roads and paths for bicycles in cities and between communities.119 Vegetarians in the USAmericans define a vegetarian diet素食in several ways. Some vegetarians do not eat any meat products or any food made from animal labor 动物劳力including milk products, eggs and honey. But most vegetarians include dairy products in their diet and many vegetarians eat eggs. Some people consider themselves partial vegetarians 半素食主义者, because they do not eatmeat or farm birds家禽but they do eat fish. There are many reasons people choose to be vegetarian. Some religions observe vegetarianism as part of an effort of nonviolence towards animals看作善待动物的表现. Many other people have non-religious moral reasons for not eating meat.118 street artStreet art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even dustbins from Tokyo to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers (张贴物). It has become part of a global visual culture. Although it is not easy to provide an exact history of the street art movement, many experts say the movement began in New York City in the1960s. Young adults would use paint to spray their tag on walls and train cars around the city.117 cultureThe cultural values of a community give it an identity of its own. A community gain the character and personality of its own because of the culture of its people. Culture is a bond that ties the people of a region or community together. It is that one common bond which brings the people of a community together. The customs and traditions that the people of a community follow, the festivals they celebrate, the kind of clothing they wear, the food they eat, and most importantly the cultural values they adhere to bind them together.116 National savings and investments bankNational savings and investments bank was set up in 1861 as a post-office saving bank. The bank was backed by the government. The purpose is to pull money from the public for government chancellor to borrow and spend towards. During World War I, its purpose was expanded to pull in more money to spend in the war effort. It was not until 1969 that the bank became a separate department of the government. Also in the same year, its name was changed to national savings. The word investments was not added into its name until 2002.115 The football field lengthKnowledge about the football field length does not seem like something fans and players have tobe aware of. But it is certainly something that the most passionate fans will know. The length of a football field, be it American football or soccer, is universally known. As a player one must be completely aware of these football field dimensions. All professional stadiums and grounds adopt these measurements. In soccer, there may be some minor differences in the football field length from stadium to stadium. And this occurs because these stadiums are historical monuments that have been around before the measurements were standardized.114 Universities in the UKUniversities in Britain are a magnet for oversea students. There are currently over 20,000 students from outside Britain studying in British universities. Why is UK such a popular destination for university students? The quality of your course is guaranteed. All courses are assessed by independent system. So you can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international recognition. The British education system is very flexible in order to provide for the needs of a modern complex society. Degree courses usually are three years long which is shorter and more intensive than in other countries.113 American health planThere is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into the fund. Then when the employee needs medical help, he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums保险费each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed.112 Online shoppingOnline shopping has a lot of advantages over going in person to the shops. Shoppers can check reviews and recommendations on the internet before they make their decisions without having someone sort of breathing down their necks (紧跟着或紧盯着某人).Online shopping is truly global so that people can buy the best products from Europe, America or Africa depending on what their speciality (=specialty) is. However there are some disadvantages too. Some people do not buy stuff online because of security reasons. Compared to traditional business, e-business is very easy for people to hack into sites and get details.111 Social networkingSocial networking and blogs have now become more popular than sending personal emails. The idea behind these sites is that of global online communities. To join a community you need to create a personal profile个人资料;个人简介, then you can connect with your friends, share pictures, music and your thoughts. Social networks are not new but they are evolving. Almost all the networks can now be accessed from a mobile phone. Sites seem popular with a broad audience largely thanks to (because of, due to) bolt-on易安装的applications which allow everything from photo sharing to online gaming.110 US federal courtsThe US court system includes federal and state courts. Federal courts deal with criminal and civil actions刑事和民事案件involving the US constitution or federal laws. Federal courts try cases 审理案件involving the US government. They hear cases 审理案件between people from different states and cases involving other countries or their citizens. They also hear cases involving situations that took place on the sea and violation of ownership rights. Each state has at least one federal district court. District courts are the first courts to hear cases involving violations of federal laws, then the cases may be heard again in ap peals courts. 上诉法院109 SkyscrapersSkyscrapers were invented in the United States. As early as the 1880s, two new technical developments made these taller buildings possible. One development was the mechanical elevator. It meant that people would not have to climb many steps to reach the upper floors of tall buildings. The development of steel building technology also helped to made taller buildings possible. Many experts consider the human insurance building in Chicago to be the first skyscraper. This tower was about 55 meters tall. Today this would not be considered much of a skyscraper. But at that time, this height was striking. The structure was built using a steel frame.108 Left handersInternational left handers’ day is august 13th. The left handers club started the holiday in 1992. It wanted left handers around the world to celebrate and it wanted to bring attention to the everyday problems of people who use their left hands. One of these problems is difficulty usingequipment and tools like scissors. The left handers’ club tries to educate designers and manufactures to consider the safety of left handed people when producing their products. Another problem is that many societies have considered it bad to be left handed. Some teachers and parents have tried to force children who use their left hand to use their right one instead.107 Unusual namesIn many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular especially since the increasing trend for celebrities to give their children odd names. In Britain, you can call a child almost anything you like. The only restrictions on parents relate to offensive words such as swear words. Other countries have much stricter rules when it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany, and Argentina have an approved list of names from which parents must use. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a child. No foreign letters or symbols are allowed.106 EngagementsThe period of engagement is the time between marriage proposal and wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decide to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring and places it on the third finger of her left hand. It is thought that the blood vessels or nerves go directly to the heart. Americans are generally engaged for a period of about one year if they are planning a wedding ceremony and party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party. Women (Female) friends and family members give the bride gifts she will need as a wife. Friends of the groom may have a bachelor party for him.105 Flash mobsA flash mob is where young people suddenly gather in a large group for no apparent reason. Flash mobs can involve hundreds of people who do not all know each other. But they all meet at the same time, then leave the area quickly. A flash mob can be held for any reason, but usually just to have some fun. What do people do at flash mobs? Flash mobbers in a store will all ask for the same product. On the street, they may sing a song together at the same time, shout meaningless words, hug each other, or make some kind of noise.。
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Listen to the following passages. Each passage will read for you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence or phrase by phrase with intervals of twevle seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again, and during this time you should check your work. You wil then be given two minutes to check through your work once more.
Passage 1
Town and Country Life in England
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.
In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. (154 words.)。