sentence correction
SentenceCorrection笔记概要
Sentence Correction1.语法考点：-主谓一致-平行-比较-时态-代词的指代-语法结构成分-逻辑含义-简洁2.词的选择：单词辨析3.句子的结构：-主动被动-逻辑意思考点一：主谓一致在曼哈顿里，主谓一致叫“Subject-verb Agreement”，这个Agreement指以下三方面：1)Subject and verb must both exist. 主谓都得有啊，但是注意GMAT里经常把主语“隐藏”起来；2)Subject and verb must make sense together. 这个谓语的发出者得合理；3)Subject and verb must agree in number. 单复同形。
-连接短语（如along with, in addition to, as well as, including, accompanied by）都是修饰作用，谓语应接连接短语前的主语的单复。
-Or, either or, neither nor 就近。
-集合性名词（如agency, army, audience, class, crowd…baggage, citrus, fruit, equipment）应接单数谓语。
-非限定性代词（如-one, -body, -thing）一般为单数。
-对于SANAM（some, any, none, all, most/more）要看带的什么，即of 后的名词。
而any of后不管是什么都是单数。
-Not one也永远是单数。
-Each, every 作主语的，是单数。
（像They each +复）-量词短语（如majority，minority）看句子强调的是整体中的部分（复数）还是整体本身（单数）。
-“Flip it”——GMAT喜欢把主语放在谓语后面来迷惑你。
所以你要flip the words order！也便于你找到主语。
英文从句名称
语法 grammar句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank 句子 sentence从句 clause 词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word 实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound 词性part of speech名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun数名词 countable noun数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concret noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词transitive verb 及物动词intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possesive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun定代词 indefinite pronoun物主代词 possecive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 objective clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结状语从句 adverbial clause of result目状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntatic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form规则形式 irregular form格 case 普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender 阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common 性 neuter人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 the past future tense 过去来进行时 the past future the continuous tense过去来完成时the past future perfect tense一般现时 the present simple tense 一般过去时 the past simple tense一般将来时 the future simple tense 现在完成时the past perfect tense过去完成时 the present perfect tense将来来完成时 the future perfect tense现在进行时the present continuous tense过去进行时the past continuous tense 将来进行时 the future continuous tense过去将来进行时the past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 the present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时the past perfect continuous tense语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 the passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone 升调 rising tone降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironicnbyoungor。
英语2试题及答案
英语2试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the word "abandon" mean?A. To leave behindB. To pick upC. To continueD. To embrace答案：A2. Fill in the blank: "The weather is very ______ today."A. hotB. coldC. warmD. cool答案：A3. Which of the following is not a verb?A. runB. jumpC. fastD. walk答案：C4. Choose the correct preposition to complete the sentence: "The book is ______ the table."A. onB. inC. atD. under答案：A5. What is the past tense of "read"?A. redB. readC. readedD. reads答案：B6. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like apples.B. She doesn't like apples.C. She don't likes apples.D. She doesn't likes apples.答案：B7. What is the comparative form of "big"?A. biggerB. bigC. bigestD. biger答案：A8. Which word is a synonym for "famous"?A. obscureB. renownedC. unknownD. common答案：B9. Choose the correct article to complete the sentence: "Yesterday was ______ hottest day of the year."A. aB. anC. theD. /答案：C10. What does "alibi" mean?A. A legal defenseB. A place of workC. A reason for not being present at a particular placeD. A type of food答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The opposite of "happy" is ______.答案：sad2. The word "because" is used to show ______.答案：reason3. The past tense of "am" is ______.答案：was4. The word "library" is a ______.答案：noun5. "They are" can be contracted to ______.答案：they're6. The word "although" is used to show ______.答案：contrast7. The comparative form of "happy" is ______.答案：happier8. The word "university" is a ______.答案：noun9. "She is" can be contracted to ______.答案：she's10. The word "however" is used to show ______.答案：contrast三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Last week, I went to the beach with my family. It was a sunny day, and we had a great time playing in the sand and swimming in the sea. In the evening, we had a barbecue and watched the sunset. It was a perfect day.1. What did the family do at the beach?答案：They played in the sand and swam in the sea.2. What was the weather like?答案：It was sunny.3. What did they do in the evening?答案：They had a barbecue and watched the sunset.4. How was the day described?答案：It was a perfect day.5. Who went to the beach?答案：The family.四、翻译题（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将以下句子翻译成英文：我昨天去了图书馆。
全新版大学英语综合教程1答案
Unit OneText A: Language FocusVocabularyI．Blank-filling1.1) respectable 2) agony 3) put..down 4) sequence 5) hold back 6) distribute7) off and on 8) vivid 9) associate 10) finally 11) turn in 12) tackle2.1) has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.2) was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not3) a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time4) gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5) buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out3.1) reputation rigid to inspire 2) and tedious What’s more out of date ideas3) compose career avoid showing hardly hold backII. Synomymsposed2. severe3. agony4. extraordinary5. recall6. command7. was violating 8. anticipateIII. Collocation1.At2. For3. Of4. With5. As6. About7. To8. In in9. From10. On/uponComprehension ExercisesI.Cloze1.Text-related1)Hold back 2) tedious 3) scanned 4) recall 5) vivid 6) off and on7) turn out/in 8) career2.Theme-related1)Last 2) surprise 3) pulled 4) blowing 5) dressed 6) scene7) extraordinary 8) image 9) turn 10) excitementII.Translation1.Sentence1)As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it tookhold.3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months,they have decided to increase its production.4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Billis said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5)It’s reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility ofa severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken propermeasures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.PassageSusan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again.One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life.Text B:Comprehension Check1-6: CACDBDTranslation:1.我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东一点西一点渗入片言只语。
英语考试易出现的错误error correction
名词可数与不可数的误用
1)…and asked me lots of question. Questions
2)We study quite a few subject，such as maths, … subjects
名词的单复数
3)…and often watch football match on TV… matches 经常观看足球赛， Match时可数名词，应用复数形式。 4)She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success，… schoolmates 此处为复数概念，应加上-s。
Such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. Dependent in dependent on If he was absent because of sickness, there was often no job from him when he returned. From him for him We have little time to read some books which we interest. interest are interested in.
某些近义词表面意思讲得通，但不贴切或不准确， 需要进行替换。 Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared to put up with in the name of better health is a high personal matter. High highly 极为/高度 Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses… Voice noise
error correction 第一讲句型错误
Error Correction
Types of errors
1. The sentence fragment
A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. The sentence fragment means simply that dependent units （ 从 句 ） such as phrases, clauses, appositives 同 位 语 and other such groups of words are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. （片段句）
误用平行句法
• 误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非 平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞 上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从 句用and 与主句相联。关联连词 (both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接 句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。
Types of errors
5. The shift in point of view
Identify the errors in the following sentences and correct them
Compoundsentence和complexsentence的区别及英语写作中常见的错误
Compound sentence 和complex sentence的区别并列句（Compound Sentence）并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。
这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。
从语法上讲，所谓"并列"、"对等"是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。
尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。
否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。
在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构（或者说，分句）连接在一起，就要用并列连词。
并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的分句。
按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：A. 表示转折意思 : but , yet , however , nevertheless例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself . 一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。
B.表示因果关系: or , so , therefore , hence例：You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain. 要下雨了，你最好带把伞。
C.表示并列关系and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as例：She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers . 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。
复合句（Complex Sentence）复合句明显地不同于简单句，因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。
从表面上看，它与并列句相似。
其实不然，后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。
prep08原题
Practice Test #1 Sentence Correction (171-258)170. (32496-!-item-!-188;#058&006571)Margaret Mead, the best-known anthropologist of the twentieth century, helped shape public opinion on fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, along with the relative merits of competition and cooperation.A. shape public opinion on fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, along withB. shape public opinion in such fundamentally important areas as attitudes toward children and families andC. to shape public opinion about such fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, also aboutD. the shaping of public opinion for fundamentally important areas such as attitudes toward children and families, and those towardE. the shaping of public opinion around fundamentally important areas like attitudes toward children and families, and those of171. (27299-!-item-!-188;#058&002324)One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill but in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.A. between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill butB. between our intelligence with that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill but insteadC. between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill asD. our intelligence has from that of other primates may lie not in any specific skill asE. of our intelligence to that of other primates may lay not in any specific skill but172. (32542-!-item-!-188;#058&006577)Introduced by Italian merchants resident in London during the sixteenth century, in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically being ship owners, overseas merchants, or professional moneylenders.A. in England life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically beingB. in England life insurance had remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically wereC. until the end of the seventeenth century life insurance in England had remained a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typicallyD. life insurance in England remained until the end of the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typicallyE. life insurance remained until the end of the seventeenth century in England a specialized contract between individual underwriters with their clients, who typically were173. (32450-!-item-!-188;#058&006490)The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.A. that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expandingB. that the universe had begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and had been expandingC. that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that has expandedD. the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that is expandingE. the universe to have begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding174. (28920-!-item-!-188;#058&003515)Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets.A. so gradual as to be indistinguishableB. so gradual so that they can be indistinguishableC. so gradual that they are unable to be distinguishedD. gradual enough not to be distinguishableE. gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them175. (27069-!-item-!-188;#058&002220)Experts estimate that ten times as much petroleum exists in sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale than in conventional reservoirs.A. sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale thanB. sources like tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale than areC. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even in shale as areD. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale asE. such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale than176. (25765-!-item-!-188;#058&001724)For at least two decades or more previous to when the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he was the most admired painter in Italy.A. For at least two decades or more previous to when the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he wasB. For at least two decades before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he had beenC. For at least two decades or more before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's dying in 1770, he had beenD. When the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, for at least two decades previously he wasE. When the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, having been for at least two decades before that177. (24315-!-item-!-188;#058&000969)In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicingA. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression canbe passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicingB. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitating and practicingC. will exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practiceD. exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practiceE. exhibit the kind of curiosity where new patterns of behavior and expression are passed on to others by imitation and practice178. (31376-!-item-!-188;#058&005785)Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.A. requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protectB. requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protectingC. that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protectD. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protectingE. to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting179. (25535-!-item-!-188;#058&001589)Unlike George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates, H. Ross Perot's independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establish a viable third party in American politics.A. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of whom running as independent candidates,B. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, each of whom ran as independent candidates,C. George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, both of which ran as an independent candidate,D. the independent candidates, George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,E. the independent candidacies of George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980,180. (26977-!-item-!-188;#058&002184)Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on creditA. rising interest rates makes it more expensive to buy them on creditB. rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensiveC. a rise in interest rates make it more expensive to buy on creditD. a rise in interest rates make buying on credit more expensiveE. a rise in interest rates makes it more expensive for them to be bought on credit181. (27438-!-item-!-188;#058&002362)The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.A. doubling the increase ofB. doubling that of the increase inC. double as much as the increase ofD. twice as many as the increase inE. twice as many as the increase of182. (32026-!-item-!-188;#058&006326)The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convincedB. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convincedC. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincingD. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convincedE. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing183. (27576-!-item-!-188;#058&002504)Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they wereA. to set dividends more conservatively than they wereB. to set dividends more conservatively than they have beenC. to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividendsD. that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividendsE. that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends184. (28966-!-item-!-188;#058&003703) (GWD-24-Q39)Japan's abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperatures throughout most of the country have produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, it has made possible the raising of a variety of crops.A. it has made possible the raising ofB. has made it possible for them to raiseC. have made it possible to raiseD. have made it possible for raisingE. thus making it possible for them to raise185. (27714-!-item-!-188;#058&002536)Because the budget package in Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth, many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they push them lower.A. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even if they pushB. by its keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by their pushingC. by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by pushingD. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even pushE. through their keeping interest rates low, or perhaps it will even push186. (31792-!-item-!-188;#058&006164)Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.A. about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where manyB. of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only4 million, and manyC. that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of themD. comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only 4 million in population, and manyE. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom187. (27622-!-item-!-188;#058&002521)United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic party during his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.A. that includedB. which includesC. includingD. some of which wereE. among them being188. (26379-!-item-!-188;#058&001961)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, areB. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and areC. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and areD. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,189. (25949-!-item-!-188;#058&001761)She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.A. She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared toB. Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared toC. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been inD. Although she was less successful after emigrating to New York when compared toE. She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in190. (26333-!-item-!-188;#058&001956)The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charterB. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written chartersC. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written chartersD. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charterE. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter191. (32312-!-item-!-188;#058&006469)The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of their not paying back their loans on time, collectively known as the subprime lending market.A. of their not paying back their loans on time,B. of not paying back their loans on time, a groupC. of not paying back their loans on time, with such a groupD. that they do not pay back their loans on time,E. that they do not pay back their loans on time, such a group192. (27115-!-item-!-188;#058&002238)In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, with the simple thesis of consumers having the power to change companies by the simple expedient of refusing to buy.A. with the simple thesis of consumers havingB. which had the simple thesis of consumers havingC. where the thesis was simple: consumers havingD. with a thesis that is a simple one: consumers haveE. whose thesis was simple: consumers have193. (27023-!-item-!-188;#058&002210)New equipment and other improvements reduced the amount of time—from eleven hours in 1982 to six in 1988—needed by workers so that they could produce a ton of steel.A. needed by workers so that they could produceB. needed when workers are producingC. workers need in producingD. workers needed to produceE. workers need for their producing of194. (28686-!-item-!-188;#058&003293)Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, because the yellow jacket has a comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and used again.A. because the yellow jacket has a comparatively smooth stinger, it is therefore able to be pulled out and usedB. the comparative smoothness of the yellow jacket’s stinger allows them to pull it out and then can therefore use itC. the yellow jacket’s stinger is co mparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and usedD. in comparison, the yellow jacket’s stinger is smooth, and thus able to be pulled out and usedE. in comparison, the yellow jacket has a smooth stinger, thus allowing it to be pulled out and used195. (29764-!-item-!-188;#058&004338) (GWD-7-Q13)Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.A. the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes inB. the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes inC. that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern United States is due to residential and industrial development and changes toD. in the northeastern United States, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and to changes inE. in the northeastern United States, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development and changing196. (33104-!-item-!-188;#058&007132) (T-9-Q26)There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laidB. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay themC. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laidD. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay themE. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid197. (31514-!-item-!-188;#058&005971) (GWD-8-Q20)Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it alsoB. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but alsoC. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but alsoD. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it alsoE. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland(especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it198. (28594-!-item-!-188;#058&003161) (GWD-1-Q23)Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-cut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning down individual trees but do not denude the forest.A. which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burningB. which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burnC. which removes only selected trees, along with surface fires that burnD. removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burningE. removing only selected trees, as well as surface fires that burn199. (27253-!-item-!-188;#058&002304) (GWD5-Q4)The Quechuans believed that all things participated in both the material level and the mystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have contact with it directly with an ichana (dream) experience.A. contact with it directly withB. direct contact with it by way ofC. contact with the last directly throughD. direct contact with the latter by means ofE. contact directly with the mystical level due to200. (28268-!-item-!-188;#058&002937) (T-3-Q14)A scrub jay can remember when it cached a particular piece of food in a particular place, researchers have discovered, and tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat if stored long enough to have rotted.A. tend not to bother to recover a perishable treat ifB. they tend not to bother recovering a perishable treatC. tending not to bother to recover a perishable treat itD. tends not to bother recovering a perishable treatE. tends not bothering to recover a perishable treat it201. (25167-!-item-!-188;#058&001486) (GWD30-Q4)The three women, liberal activists who strongly support legislation in favor of civil rights and environmental protection, have consistently received labor's unqualifying support.A. have consistently received labor's unqualifying supportB. are consistently receiving the unqualifying support of laborC. have consistently received the unqualified support of laborD. receive consistent and unqualified support by laborE. are receiving consistent and unqualified support by labor202. (31980-!-item-!-188;#058&006267) (GWD-27-Q7)Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at O’Hare International Airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by allmotor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.A. as much as that which is being emitted annually by allB. as much annually as is emitted by theC. as much compared to what is annually emitted by allD. that emitted annually by allE. that emitted annually compared to the203. (25903-!-item-!-188;#058&001738) (T-4-Q29)In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.A. due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizingB. due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallizeC. because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallizeD. because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallizeE. because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing204. (33010-!-item-!-188;#058&007035) (T-9-Q16)The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.A. a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of aB. a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of aC. a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as wellD. critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision ofE. critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of205. (29672-!-item-!-188;#058&004315) (T-9-Q15.)The commission’s office of compliance, inspections, and investigations plans to intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are paid for their work by a firm’s investment banking division.A. to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they areB. to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also if conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or they areC. to not only investigate whether or not research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also if conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or areD. not only to investigate whether or not research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or areE. not only to investigate whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when206. (24407-!-item-!-188;#058&000995) (GWD-21-Q29)While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.A. a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which ledB. a new class of mutant genes in corn were discovered by Barbara McClintock, leadingC. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, and it ledD. Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, a discovery that ledE. Barbara McClintock, who discovered a new class of mutant genes, leading207. (30188-!-item-!-188;#058&005337) (T-4-Q30)Unlike the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which carried sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.A. the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which carried sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries,B. the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights,C. the short flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which enabled them to carry sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries,D. the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights,E. the flights of the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, whose shortness allowed them to carry sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries,208. (26425-!-item-!-188;#058&001968) (GWD-11-40)Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle soils and rivers and rocks.A. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of yearsB. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but instead swarms of microbes over millions of years thatC. not produced by the accepted methods of ore formation but swarms of microbes over millions of years thatD. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of yearsE. produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but that swarms of microbes over millions of years209. (29580-!-item-!-188;#058&004295) (T-3-Q7)In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,。
《英语句子成分》PPT课件
The relationship between sentence components
Subject predicate relationship
The relationship between the subject and predicate, indicating the relationship between the action executor and the action itself.
and omitted components
01 Overview of English Sentence Elements
Definition and Function
Definition
English sentence components refer to the various parts that make up an English sentence, each of which plays a different role in the sentence and together form the complete meaning of the sentence.
Tense consistency
The subject and predicate must be consistent in tense, that is, the present tense subject uses the present tense predicate, and the past tense subject uses the past tense predicate, etc.
Function
The object plays an indispensable role in English sentences by taking action and indicating the object or result of the action.
Adjustment of Sentence Structure
2) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 再者, 一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高又有赖 于各种科技人员的努力,这是显而易见的。
2) The saga of the White Star Liner Titanic,which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. 白星公司班轮“泰坦尼克号”在1912 年的处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没, 致 使船上1500 多名乘客罹难。此后关于它的轶事传闻就一直成为书刊、电影 以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。
高英课文翻译U1-U5
Why Don't We Complain?It was the very last coach and the only empty seat on the entire train, so there was no turning back. The problem was to breathe. Outside the temperature was below freezing. Inside the railroad car the temperature must have been about 85 degrees. I took off my overcoat, and a few minutes later my jacket, and noticed that the car was flecked（饰以斑点）with the white shirts of the passengers. I soon found my hand moving to loosen my tie. From one end of the car to the other, as we rattled through Westchester Country, we sweated; but we did not moan.这是整列火车最后一节车厢中唯一的一个空位子，所以也不必再掉头去找了。
问题是这里让人透不过气。
外面的气温在冰点以下，而火车车厢里的温度一定有85度左右。
我脱掉了大衣，几分钟后又脱掉了外套，并且我注意到车厢里望去星星点点的都是乘客们的白衬衫。
不久我就发现我的手开始在松领带了。
在火车哐啷哐啷地行进在威彻斯特县的时候，从车厢的一头到另一头，我们全都汗水淋漓，但我们没有吭声。
I watched the train conductor appear at the head of the car. "Tickets, all tickets, please！" In a more virile（雄壮的）age, I thought, the passengers would seize the conductor and strap him down on a seat over the radiator（暖气片）to share the fate of his patrons. He shuffled down the aisle, picking up tickets, punching commutation cards. No one addressed a word to him. He approached my seat, and I drew a deep breath of resolution. "Conductor," I began with a considerable edge to my voice……Instantly the doleful（消沉的）eyes of my seatmate turned tiredly from his newspaper to fix me with a resentful stare：what question could be so important as to justify my sibilant intrusion into his stupor（麻木不仁）？I was shaken by those eyes.I am incapable of making a discreet fuss, so I mumbled a question about what time we were due in Stamford（I didn't even ask whether it would be before or after dehydration could be expected to set in）, got my reply, and went back to my newspaper and to wiping my brow.我看到乘务员在车厢的头里出现了。
同步练习册初一英语答案
同步练习册初一英语答案一、选择题1. What's this in English?- A. 这是一个苹果。
- B. 这是一本书。
- C. 这是一张桌子。
- D. 这是一扇门。
答案：B2. How do you say "早上好" in English?- A. Good morning.- B. Good afternoon.- C. Good evening.- D. Good night.答案：A3. Which sentence is correct?- A. She likes reading books.- B. She like reading books.- C. She likes read books.- D. She likes to read book.答案：A二、填空题1. My favorite subject is _______.- 答案：English2. I usually _______ at 7:00 in the morning.- 答案：get up3. What does your mother _______?- 答案：do三、翻译题1. 我有一个好朋友。
- 答案：I have a good friend.2. 我们每天下午上体育课。
- 答案：We have PE class every afternoon.3. 他喜欢打篮球。
- 答案：He likes playing basketball.四、完形填空In the morning, I get up at 6:00 and have breakfast. After that, I go to school. I like my school because I have many friends there. We study together and play together. My favorite subject is English, and I am good at it. I also like sports, especially basketball.1. I get up at _______ in the morning.- 答案：6:002. I like my school because I have many _______ there.- 答案：friends3. My favorite subject is _______.- 答案：English结束语以上就是初一英语同步练习册的部分习题及答案。
gmat sentence correction 五个选项
gmat sentence correction 五个选项针对GMAT句子纠错问题，通常会给出5个选项供考生选择。
以下是一个示例问题：Original Sentence: "The well-known author is famous for her suspenseful novels and receiving numerous literary awards."A) The well-known author is fame for her suspenseful novels, and for receiving numerous literary awards.B) The well-known author is famous for both her suspenseful novels and receiving numerous literary awards.C) The well-known author is famous due to her suspenseful novels and numerous literary awards she has received.D) Being the author of suspenseful novels and having received numerous literary awards has made the well-known author famous.E) Her suspenseful novels and numerous literary awards have made the well-known author famous.正确答案为B。
解释：该句子需要修正两个问题：1）重复单词“famous”，2）缺少连接词。
选项A尝试修复这些问题，但是重复使用“for”并没有解决他们之间的连接问题。
sentence dictation
1.I’ve studied English for more than nine years.2.I started learning English several years ago.3.I find English rather difficult.4.I find English grammar rather confusing.5.I prefer an American accent to a British accent.6.I think a good pronunciation is necessary, important and essential.7.I’ve never listened to English broadcast programs.8.I often listen to English songs, CCTV English news and Radio Beijing.1.I often speak English with my friends.2.To tell the truth, I seldom speak English.3.I make mistakes whenever I open my mouth to speak English.4.No mistakes, no progress.5.We learn to speak by speaking.6.I think personal questions should be avoided.7.Mistakes are probably unavoidable when we try to speak a foreign language.8.Topics like the weather, pla ces, trips, hobbies, films, books… tend to be safe.9.I think the best way to improve our oral English is to speak as much aspossible.10.I’m afraid of making mistakes because I don’t want to lose face, sosometimes I just give up.1.I live in a dormitory on campus.2.I rent an apartment not far from the campus.3.It's half an hour’s ride from here.4.It’s near a bus route on a busy road.5.The rent is 500 yuan per month.6.There is a washroom and a public bath on each floor of our dorm building.7.Four of us share a two-room apartment and it has two bathrooms, but nokitchen.8.The room faces north, but it has a view of a beautiful lawn, a lake and agarden.1.I love going to parties.2.Parties are great fun. There are always a lot of interesting things to do.3.I love meeting new people and making new friends.4.I don’t care for parties. They’re too noisy.5.I always worry about what clothes to wear.6.I never know what to say to people I don’t know.7.I’m too shy to approach somebody I don’t know.8.I never worry about anything so I always have a good time.9.I’m worried that there might be a lot of people I don’t know and others mightthink I ‘m boring.1.The telephone is a very useful tool and a must for all.2.I find it quite difficult to understand English on the phone.3.I occasionally receive calls in English.4.The telephone shortens the distance between people and brings people closer.5.I make a lot of phone calls to my friends to arrange outings, parties and etc.6.When I miss my parents, relatives and friends, I call them so that I can heartheir voices.7.Often I fail to hear exactly phone number of the caller.8.I hate people to call me after 10 p.m. unless it is an emergency.1.I seldom go shopping. It takes too much time.2.I think quality is the most important.3.I usually do my shopping at large supermarkets since they often have goodbuys and it saves time.4.I like music and books so sometimes I go to campus bookstores to look formy favorite CDs and the recent bestsellers.5.I enjoy shopping at supermarkets. I love to see shelf on shelf stacked with allkind of delicious and nice things.6.Supermarkets are so convenient. Y ou can get almost everything you want ina big supermarket.7.I hate shopping in a supermarket. It’s always so crowded. The quality ofgoods is questionable, not so good and not guaranteed.8.I like going shopping in big department stores downtown because I thinkthey offer a better selection.1.The students’ center is the right place to ask for information if you want tofind a position as a teaching assistant.2.An ad in the school paper says that China telecom wants to hire 50 studentsto do a market survey for the company.3.The interviewer asked me about the subjects I’ve learned.4.The important thing, I think, is to get some work experience. Pay issecondary.5.In a part-time job you can learn things that you can’t normally learn oncampus.6.I need to support myself, so I’m really concerned about how much I can earn.7.I want to look for an evening or a weekend job since I’m available onlyduring those periods of time.8.I would like to find a part-time job as a computer operator.9.I’m selling evening papers and magazines at newsstand every Tuesdayafternoon.1.I can travel to a lot of interesting places if I work as a sales manager.2.I like teaching and that’s why I want to become a school teacher.cation is essential to the development of our country, so I want to have acareer in teaching.4.I admire scientists so I want to be one of them.5.I’m ready to face any challenges so I think I’m suitable for t he job.6.My father used to be a doctor and I would like to follow his footsteps.7.It is hard for people who lack necessary skills to find satisfactory work.8.People who don’t have necessary qualifications tend to lose their jobs.panies that are ill managed lose business and their employees suffer.10.W hat matter most to me are a friendly atmosphere, a comfortable workingenvironment, handsome pay, challenging tasks and good prospects of promotion.1.Travelling helps us to broaden our minds and increase our knowledge.2.Travelling enables us to see new places, meet new people and learn aboutnew cultures.3.Thanks to modern means of transportation, it is possible to travel acrossthe country.4.Among the places I have been to, Thailand impresses me most.5.I like visiting small villages, hiking in the mountains and going to seasideresorts.6.As Thailand has a long coastline, it is not surprising that tourism plays animportant role in its economy.7.The great majority of people in Thailand believe in Buddhism. AndBuddhist temples can be seen everywhere in the country.1.I’ve got a dog at home. It’s a cute little thing and just like my friend.2.I love my dog for it never bothers me and always listens and neveranswers back.3.My cat is quick to sense my anger or sorrow.4.I couldn’t help crying when my cat went missing.5.Pets are good company, especially to lonely old people and help peoplekill loneliness.6.It’s relaxing watching tropical fish swimming in the tank.7.Keeping pets costs time and money. I can’t afford e ither.8.I don’t think it’s right to cage birds, chain dogs and keep cats lockedinside the house.9.People feel sorry to leave their pets alone at home when they go onholiday.10.S ometimes we ask our next door neighbor to look after our pets.1.Once in a while I go to the bank near our school either to deposit orwithdraw money.2.I think it’s wise to put your money in a bank. It’s safer and your moneyalso earns interest.3.I have so little money that I don’t need the bank to take care of it.4.I need to withdraw some money for my daily expenses next month.5.The clerks at our school bank are very efficient.6.It's a good habit to save money on a regular basis.7.Don’t look for large, short-term profits. They are dangerous and risky.8.A TMs are so much more convenient. All you need to do is press somebuttons and there comes the money you ask for.9.I hate operating A TM machines. They eat up your card if you enter thewrong code number.1.When I was young, I wished to become a world famous scientist.2.What I want most in life is someone that really cares for me.3.I never doubt that my dream will come true some day.4.My chances of becoming a scientist are very slim.5.I’m afraid I don’t stand much chance of becoming a pop singer.6.The hardest thing is to keep pursing on e’s dream in spite of difficulties.7.I think it is wise to be realistic.8.Perseverance is most important if you want to make your dreams cometrue.9.Where there’s a will, there’s a way.10.T alent and a bit of luck are all you need to realize your dreams.11.T alent alone is not enough; you must be quick to seize the opportunitiesavailable to you.1.Radio and TV connect us to the outside world.2.I like to leave my radio on while I am riding on a train.3.One picture is worth a thousand words.4.Radio is portable. Y ou can carry it with you wherever you go.5.I often watch discovery channel programs, travel programs, talk shows,quiz shows and soap operas on TV.6.I prefer TV to radio. TV not only tells you what is happening but alsolets you see it with your own eyes.pared with radio, everything on television is more lifelike, vivid andreal.8.Television takes up too much of our time. We no longer have enoughtime to develop other interests.1.I like watching and reading ads. They are amusing.2.I come across ads every time I turn on TV.3.Ads are part of our life and something unavoidable no matter whetheryou like them or not.4.Ads provide us with useful information on commodities, services andjobs.5.With ads, we save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs and gettingbetter services.6.Without ads, manufacturers may find it difficult to sell their productsand make their products known to consumers.7.Without commercial ads, newspapers, radio and television companiescannot survive. commercials interrupt programs frequently.9.Ads take advantage of our longing for wealth, good looks, good healthand comfort.10.A ds exploit our fear of danger, growing old and falling ill.。
人事部翻译资格证书(CATTI)2004年5月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案
04.5笔译综合能力.doc Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as requires on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1 The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all _____ to us.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfactoryD. satisfying2 Part of the funds will be used to ____ that old library to its original splendor.A. restB. recoverC. replaceD. restore3 This silk has gone right _____ and we have not sold a single piece of it for weeks.A. out of fadB. out of patternC. out of customD. out of fashion4 The new Personal Digital Assistance contained a large ___ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. account5 Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.A. ignoredB. exaltedC. eradicatedD. canceled6. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, many local governments hesitate to adopt them.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. BecauseD. Moreover7. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, _____ to the body.A. the stress it is greaterB. greater is the stressC. greater stress isD. the greater the stress8. Annie Jump Cannon, _____ discove red so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”A. a leading astronomer,B. who, as a leading astronomer,C. was a leading astronomer,D. a leading astronomer who9. Kingdom of Wonders, _____ in 1995 in Fremont, Calif., became an industry legend for two toys: a talking bear and a ray-gun game.A. findB. foundC. foundedD. founding10. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. to occurC. occursD. occur11. Only one-fifth of Americans saw oil as the chief reason that the U.S. made a war on Iraq, but 75 percent of the French and of the Russians believed _____.A. toB. soC. goD. do12. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to _____.A. stackB. stageC. stagnateD. stamp13. Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of _____, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.A. mindB. ideaC. intentionD. wish14. If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right way of doing things, you find yourself _____ under pressures.A. variablyB. invariablyC. invaluablyD. invalidly15. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and_____, with an enormous black mustache.A. neck-lessB. neck-laceC. recklessD. rack-less16. Home to _____ and gangsters, officials and laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character.A. magnatesB. magnetsC. machineD. magnitudes17. His _____ behavior made everyone nervous. He was always rushing to open doors and perform other small tasks, apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that he might have caused.A. obliviousB. observantC. obsequiousD. obsolescent18. He was completely __________ by her tale of hardship.A. taken awayB. taken downC. taken inD. taken up19. Americans who consider themselves _____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. patriarchD. patriotic20. As technological advances put more and more time between early school life and the young person's final access to specialized work, the stage of _____ becomes an even more marked and conscious period.A. adolescenceB. adjacencyC. advantageD. adventurePart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.A. ferventB. obsessiveC. secretD. unreturned22. For a long time in that vast region, this law was in abeyance.A. active useB. doubtC. discussionD. disuse23. A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him.A. declare he is not guiltyB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated24. There are more people who are obese today than 20 years ago.A. gainfully employedB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated25. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.A. enthusiasticB. nervousC. painfulD. extreme26. When insects feed on decaying plant material in a compost pile, they help turn it into useful garden soil.A. availableB. organicC. distastefulD. decomposing27. Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human speech.A. importB. imitateC. impairD. humor28. The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism is one of the standard clichés of the ongoing debate overinternational affairs.A. divisionB. combination of two partsC. disparityD. contradiction29. Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the amount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.A. DevicesB. HypothesesC. EffortsD. Suggestions30. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. supremacyB. authorityC. guidanceD. obedience31. The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was going on was noticeable to everyone.A. discordB. discoveryC. rivalryD. cooperation32. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire33. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogeneous toys”.A. identicalB. homosexualC. unrelatedD. distinguishable34. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.A. deservedB. retainedC. renewedD. Advanced35. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter a calling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.A. powerfulnessB. unwillingnessC. renaissanceD. apologeticnessPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. asB. as beC. as beenD. to being37. Upon completing his examination over the patient, the doctor offered his judgment of her conditions.A. ofB. offC. aboutD. around38. If they spend some time on Chinese history, they will be more able to predict China’s future.A. moreB. ableC. betterD. better able39. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.A. byB. backC. fromD. back from40. He was looking impatient at the visiting salesman, who showed no signs of getting readyto leave.A. patientB. patienceC. impatienceD. impatiently41. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and ocean was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved42. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people, and even for pets.A. before young, healthy persons available only,B. available only to young, healthy persons before,C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,D. before young and healthy persons only available to,43. Following a year of fast development, by the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websites.A. China had about 1,100 e-commerce websites by the end of last MarchB. by the end of the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websitesC. by the end of this recent past March, China has about 1,100 e-commerce websitesD. by the end of this first quarter, China had about 1,100 or so e-commerce websites44. Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.A. programs in enterprises / high level interpretersB. programs in international business / senior interpretersC. program in international biz / senior interpretationsD. programs of business / high-level interpretations45. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. were against because they said th ey did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. were against it because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t46. While it is essential that the text covers the subject adequately, it is also important that it is neither too detailed or too complex for the intended reader.A. forB. norC. noD. not47. Consumer porcelains in Jingdezhen are not selling well in export market as compared with those made in Liling, Hunan Province and Zibo, Shandong Province.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market48. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.A. a market with a sales value that might beB. a market which might be sales valueC. a market with sale value might beD. market with sales might be a value49. As an English major student, I think business English is more practical than other fields.A. a English student / fieldB. a English major student / regionsC. a English major / coursesD. an English student major / sciences50. We should let more young parents and their children can enjoy scientific early education.A. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early educationB. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education and scientificC. provide young parents and their children enjoy more scientific early educationD. provide young parents and their children with more early education servicesSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passage a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51 — 60 are based on the following passage.Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.51. Social control refers to processes by which ____.A. norms are developedB. norms are enforcedC. people are educated and trainedD. people are rewarded and punished52. Every society has its own ____.A. planned systemsB. controlled normsC. recognized boundaryD. established sanctions53. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformityB. expression of disapproval by significant othersC. withholding of positive rewards for the deviantsD. people’s internalization of norms in socialization54. The most powerful protection against deviance is ____.A. nega tive sanctionsB. severe punishmentsC. the individual’s conscienceD. unrestrained suppression55. Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPT ____.A. police stationsB. mental hospitalsC. welfare agenciesD. vocational schools56. The purpose of formal agents is to ____.A. make beneficial rulesB. preserve social ordersC. control violation of normsD. define acceptable behavior57. Which statement about social control agents is NOT true?A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.58. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are ____.A. liberalB. partialC. neutralD. overall59. In the third paragraph, “a dual function” refers to ____.A. formal and informalB. rewards and penalitiesC. approval and disapprovalD. clarification and regulation60. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is ____.A. biologicalB. sociologicalC. psychologicalD. anthropologicalEvery group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it if possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated.A Western language dis tinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.61. Every group of human beings has ____.A. its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. an extremely complex and delicate languageC. its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. the process of growing crops or raising animals62. To the professional linguists, ____.A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are ____.A. adequateB. numerousC. ingeniousD. ingenuous64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed ____.A. profoundlyB. intrinsicallyC. independentlyD. professionally68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to ____.A. do more activitiesB. learn about a new cultureC. meet more peopleD. need more names69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is ____.A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute70. This passage is on the whole ____.A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativeThe field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find.To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will c ure not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.Many “snake oil” remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is someone who ____.A. has a special abilityB. has little knowledgeC. is not a good doctorD. pretends to be a doctor72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means pain seems to ____.A. be very seriousB. be very difficultC. last for a long timeD. be always happening73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because ____.A. patients pay any amount of moneyB. patients do not like their physiciansC. quacks say that they can help patientsD. best medical treatment costs very much74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are those who ____.A. are poorly educatedB. are highly educatedC. dislike me dical treatmentsD. mistrust physicians’ truths75. To evaluate medical claims, one must ____.A. turn to reputable doctorsB. make an adequate choiceC. have the necessary trainingD. disbelieve promise of relief76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are ____.A. uselessB. harmfulC. pleasantD. effective77. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Quacks are really sympathetic.B. “Snake oil” does not work.C. Doctors cannot cure all ills.D. Patients are often impatient.78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because they ____.A. are misled by a secret formulaB. cannot afford a treatmentC. lack medical knowledgeD. do not trust physicians79. “Snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because it has ____.A. actually workedB. some fruit stonesC. been misunderstoodD. alcohol or narcotic drugs80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Distrust of PhysiciansB. Medical TreatmentC. Snake Oil RemediesD. Guard Against QuackeryModern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society.A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.81. By “a system of build-in obsolescence” the author means ___.A. no formal systems exist in modern industrial societyB. old people have no status in modern industrial societyC. young people have chances in modern industrial societyD. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?A. People don’t have to gain education.B. People don’t have to learn job skills.C. People don’t have to be treated as equals.D. People don’t have chances to begin anew.83. The more highly developed a society is, ____.A. the more advanced technology will beB. the larger the number of people will beC. the more diminished old people’s status will beD. the lower the overall status of the people will be84. The high development of economic technology ____.A. makes job skills out of fashionB. lowers the demand for workersC. forces old people into retirementD. creates new jobs for older people85. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Retired people could only live on fixed incomes.B. Retired people are more skillful than young people.C. Young people are educated in the new technology.D. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes.86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by their ____.A. forced retirementB. inferior housingC. longer life spanD. fixed incomes87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means we can live longer ____.A. and make progressB. and do more workC. but move slowlyD. but become useless88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is ____.A. realisticB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. sympathetic89. It can be deduced from this passage that one should ____.A. learn new skillsB. be open-mindedC. have a good personalityD. keep pace with the times90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Problem of AgingB. Social StructuresC. Economic TechnologyD. Continuing EducationWhen you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep.During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.91. On the part of an average sleeper, there ____ of sleep in cycles.A. is one stageB. are two stagesC. are six stagesD. are four stages92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his ____.A. eyeballs will roll about a bitB. mind will relax more and moreC. breathing will slow for minutesD. temperature will increase slightly93. The lower your stage of sleep, ____.A. the faster your eyes will roll aboutB. the quieter your breath will becomeC. the slower your brain waves will beD. the higher your temperature will be94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, ____.A. you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the nightB. you will lose your consciousness for 40-60 minutesC. your brain waves will show the delta rhythmD. your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm95. In the REM sleep, ____.A. the delta rhythm will disappearB. the activity pattern will appearC. something will occur in front of youD. your eyes will begin to dart around96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep ____.A. about 80 minutes after you fall into slumberB. some 10 minutes after you fall into REM sleepC. about 40 minutes after you lose consciousnessD. some 30 minutes after you brain waves slow97. The first paragraph of this passage tells us about ____.A. the rhythms of brain wavesB. the daily activities of sleepC. the stages of sleep in cyclesD. the daily activities in cycles98. In this passage, the word “paralyzed” means unable to ____.A. moveB. thinkC. workD. speak99. The phrase “extensive muscular inhibition” means ____.。
改正错误的英文单词
改正错误的英文单词你知道改正错误的英语单词怎么说吗?下面一起来看看吧。
改正错误的英语释义：mendcorrect the error改正错误的英语例句：向你曾经伤害的人道歉并改正错误。
Apologize to someone you’ve wronged and make amends.如果我们至少知道自己为什么追求一个目标，我们就能改正错误。
If we at least know why we think we’re pursuing a goal, we can correct for errors.华伯格同意录制反偏见广告来改正错误，但伤害已经造成，他在乐坛和模特儿界的魅力也就荡然无存了。
Wahlberg agreed to make amends by recording antibias advertisements, but thedamage had already been done, and he had fallen from music and modelinggrace.批评与自我批评是必要的，因为能帮助我们改正错误。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessar in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。
Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick towhat is right and correct what is wrong.改正错误。
Correct mistakes.你还有大把的时间可以改正错误。
You have the time to correct some of the problems.甲：在这件事上，你改正错误的行动要胜于我做出榜样的行动。
英语论文写作后的校正
Proofreading Your WorkIt is always difficult to find errors in one's own work. The words and sentences appear correct on rereading because if the writer had known better, he or she would not have made the errors in the first place. But a careful rereading of a paper aloud before it is turned in helps considerably.Perhaps a checklist of common errors（错误清单）will serve as a guide for you. Keep this list and a grammar book with you as you read your paper over, checking every sentence for these items.Run-on Sentences and Sentence FragmentsCheck each sentence to make sure it has a subject, a verb, and a complete thought（完整的思想）.Have you run two sentences together incorrectly without a period（句点）, conjunction（介词）or semicolon（分号）separating them?PunctuationHave you ended every sentence with a period, question mark（问号）, or exclamation point?Are your thoughts within sentences broken up correctly by commas for easier understanding?Have you broken up series with commas?Have you used a period after abbreviations?If you are in doubt about the proper punctuation of a sentence, have you asked or looked at our handouts on punctuation.Quotation MarksDid you remember to place exact quotes within quotationmarks?Did you place all periods and commas inside the quotation marks while placing semicolons and colons outside them?Subject-Verb AgreementsCheck every subject and verb to make sure that if you have used a singular subject, you have also used a singular verb.Similarly, a plural subject needs a plural verb.Sentence LengthCompute the average number of words per sentence. How close is that number compared to the average of 22?Have you varied the length of sentences in each paragraph?If your sentences are too long, break them into shorter units.Sentences that are very short tend to produce a jerky style of writing. Does each sentence follow clearly and logically from the onebefore it? Have you used some type of transitional device between each sentence?ApostrophesHave you used them correctly to indicate possession? If you're unsure, check a grammar book.TensesHave you incorrectly jumped about in different tenses?Have you used the correct form of the verb to express the tense you want?CapitalizationHave you capitalized names of persons, cities, countries, streets, and titles?Have you capitalized a quotation according to the original and according to the needs of your sentence?SpellingCheck any word you have doubts about.If you are unsure of the spelling of a certain word, look it up.Be especially careful of the words listed as spelling nightmares: "ei" and "ie" words, words which add "-ing" and "ed," and words with one or more sets of double letters.ParagraphingDoes each paragraph have a topic sentence which states the main idea?Have you used examples and vivid specific details to describe your topic?Have you used explanatory sentences to give your opinion or judgment on the topic?Have you included sentences which pertain only to that idea? Are transitions used between sentences and paragraphs?Is there a concluding sentence?OmissionsHave you left out any words in your sentences?。
教师纠正反馈语的类型及作用分析
教师纠正反馈语的类型及作用分析摘要:教师纠正反馈语是第二语言教学中的一个重要部分。
随着“输入假说”和“互动假说”的提出,其他研究者也从各个角度对其进行了研究。
一些研究者将纠正反馈语分为明确的纠正反馈语和暗含的纠正反馈语,在此基础上Lyster和Ranta将其进一步分为六个类型。
研究者还从实证角度证明了纠正反馈语对第二语言习得有着积极作用。
但是,在实际教学中,并不是所有的纠正反馈语都会达到预期的效果,教师应该因人而异有针对性地选择反馈语的形式,并兼顾学生的情感。
关键词:纠正反馈语;互动假设;意义协商教师的纠正反馈语即教师对学生的课堂教学行为(包括回答问题、演练、操作等)所作的简短评价以及用姿态和表情所给予的种种暗示, 它是第二语言习得过程中的重要因素。
过去20年中,针对纠正反馈语在二语习得中的作用,学者、语言教师、语言学习者所持观点各不相同。
一些研究者认为,它只能暂时改变语言行为,并不能促进学习者的中介语发展;而另一些研究者则认为,学习者要通过纠正反馈语来认识自己的中介语是否符合目标语言规范的表达方式。
绝大多数语言教师和第二语言学习者肯定纠正反馈语在二语习得中的重要性,但也有人认为一些学习者会因此产生不同程度的焦虑和难堪。
一、 Long的互动理论在第二语言教学中,教师反馈语是教师和学生之间交流情感和互动的重要手段。
互动假说(interaction hypothesis)是Long根据Krashen的可理解性输入假说(comprehensible input hypothesis)提出的。
Krashen的输入假说旨在回答人们是怎样习得语言的,他认为语言习得的必要条件是习得者理解稍高于他现在水平的语言输入。
如果学习者习得了条规则,那么他要习得的下一条规则便叫。
1. 明确纠正法(explicit correction)教师明确地告诉学生他们所说的话中有错误,如“No, what you said was wrong”,或者是。
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1.保持经济增长、促进劳资合作、发展社区服务、推动科技创新、完善社会保障制度等是解决就业问题的必然选择.
译文：To maintain economic growth, promote labor-management cooperation, develop community services, promote scientific and technological innovation, and improve the social security systems are the inevitable choices in solving the employment problem.
2.美国金融危机的发生又一次打破了自由市场的神话。
从法律视角来看，金融监管理念的偏差，放松管制下监管权力的虚置，现有监管制度的缺陷以及金融货币政策的失误构成了美国金融危机的法律成因.
译文：American financial crisis broke the myth of free market again. From the legal perspective, the deviation from ideas of financial supervision, being lack of financial regulatory powers under deregulations，defects of the existing regulatory system as well as the errors of financial monetary policy constitute legal reasons of American financial crisis.
3. 行政公务员是宪法赋予政府所拥有行政权的显性直接行使者，在整个权力或权利运作过程中，他们是双重或多重身份实体，并以其身份权为核心和逻辑起点被赋予其他各项相应的权利。
这些权利是公务员以行政主体的名义行使行政权、执行公务的法律依据和保证.
译文：Civil servant is the obviously direct executor of administrative power owned by government according to the constitutional law. In the operation system of all the powers or rights, they are double or tri-or-multi-qualification entity and are granted others rights that view the qualified right as the core and logical starting point. These rights are the legal grounds and safeguard.
4. 《政府信息公开条例》的颁行，没有终结反而引发了国内对政府信息公开范围更大的争议。
条例在基本范围和不公开事项等问题的规定上的疏漏或沉默不语，不仅给我国政府信息公开的推进带来了不利影响，而且给行政机关真正保护不应公开的公共利益制造了难题。
译文：The promulgation of Regulation on Open Government Information does not end but causes more disputes over the scope of freedom of information. Drawbacks or omissions of provisions of the Regulation about general scope and exemptions not only play bad impacts on pushing the freedom of information of China but also give the administrative agencies some difficulties to protect public interest.
5. 亚太清洁发展和气候新伙伴计划是一种不同于联合国气候变化框架公约以及京都议定书机制的新型国际气候协定，它们在“共同但有区别责任”原则、强制减排等问题上存在巨大差异。
译文一：The Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP) is a new international climate agreement model unlike the UNFCCC/Kyoto mechanism. There are great divergences in some issues between them, such as the common but differentiated responsibilities and compulsory emission reduction etc.
6.应将加强农业适应气候变化能力、减缓农业温室气体排放和促进农业可持续发展作为农业领域应对气候变化相关政策的完善导向。
译文：To strengthen the ability to adapt to climate change, mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases and promote agricultural sustainable development should be as the change- oriented for agricultural sector to address climate change.
7.并从农业土地立法、农业水资源利用立法、林业保护立法、农业生态环境保护立法和农业气象灾害救济立法等方面来构建和完善我国农业领域应对气候变化的法律保障体系。
译文：And from agricultural land legislation, agricultural water use legislation, forestry protection legislation, agro-ecological environmental protection legislation and agro-meteorological disaster
relief legislation, etc. to build and improve the legal security system to address climate change for our agricultural sector.
8.共同但有区别的责任原则是应对气候变化的法律基石。
该原则的要求在实践中未能得到充分尊重与落实。
在未来的气候谈判中，它还将面临被混同为对发展中国家的优惠待遇和采用单轨制后效力被弱化的挑战。
译文：The Common But Differentiated Responsibility Principle (CBDR Principle) forms the legal basis to cope with climate change, however, it is not fully respected and carried out in practice. In future climate negotiations, the CBDR Principle will face such challenges, namely, it may be confused with the preferential treatment applied for developing countries, and may be degraded after the adoption of single track negotiation pattern.。