支付方式(method of payment)
信用证名词解释
信用证名词解释信用证（Letter of Credit，简称LC）是商业支付中一种重要的支付方式之一。
它是通过银行作为中介，以保障卖方（受益人）能够按照合同条件获得买方（开证人）支付货款的一种付款方式。
信用证通常包括以下几个要素：1. 开证行（Issuer）：信用证的发起方，即买方所在银行。
开证行根据买卖双方达成的购销合同要求发起信用证的开立。
2. 受益人（Beneficiary）：信用证的收款方，即卖方。
受益人是获得信用证所规定的款项的主体。
3. 申请人（Applicant）：信用证的发起人，即买方。
申请人向开证行发出要求开立信用证的申请，并支付相应费用。
4. 开证指示（Instruction）：开证行根据申请人提交的信用证开立指示书，发出开立信用证通知给受益人的要求。
5. 开证日期（Date of Issue）：信用证开具的日期，一般为开证行出具通知给受益人的日期。
6. 付款方式（Payment Method）：信用证中规定的支付方式，可以是即期付款、承兑汇票等等。
7. 金额（Amount）：信用证规定的支付金额，即受益人能够获得的款项数额。
8. 到期日期（Expiry Date）：信用证规定的付款截止日期，即受益人必须在此日期前通过合规文件向开证行发起付款要求。
9. 附加条款（Additional Terms）：信用证中可能包含的其他关键条款和条件，例如货物运输要求、付款文件要求等等。
信用证的作用是为了减少买方与卖方之间的信任风险。
买方可以通过开立信用证，向卖方保证支付货款的能力；而卖方则可以通过信用证的付款承诺，确保自己能够按照合同要求获得货款。
信用证的过程通常包括：申请、开立、通知、交单、审核和付款等环节。
在信用证的交易过程中，各方应按照信用证的规定进行操作，以确保交易的安全和顺利进行。
总的来说，信用证作为一种受国际贸易广泛认可的付款方式，可以有效降低买卖双方的支付风险，并促进跨国贸易的发展和合作。
外贸英语中的付款条件中英对照
外贸英语中的付款条件中英对照Letter of Credit Payment Terms in Foreign TradeIn international trade, payment terms play a crucial role in ensuring a smooth transaction between the buyer and the seller. One commonly used method of payment is a Letter of Credit (LC), which provides security for both parties involved. This article aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of payment terms commonly found in foreign trade contracts, specifically focusing on LC payment terms, and their relevant English translations.1. 支付方式 (Payment Methods)a. 信用证支付 (Letter of Credit Payment)b. 货到付款 (Cash on Delivery)c. 预付款 (Prepayment)d. 电汇 (Wire Transfer)e. 承兑汇票 (Acceptance Draft)2. L/C中的支付条件 (Payment Terms in LC)a. 付款金额 (Amount of Payment)- 不可撤销信用证 (Irrevocable Letter of Credit)- 可撤销信用证 (Revocable Letter of Credit)b. 付款期限 (Payment Deadline)- 付款期限 (Payment Deadline)- 有利可图关闭日期 (Beneficiary's Option Closing Date) c. 付款方式 (Method of Payment)- 见单即付 (Sight Payment)- 延期付款 (Deferred Payment)d. 付款凭证 (Payment Documentation)- 提单 (Bill of Lading)- 商业发票 (Commercial Invoice)- 保险单据 (Insurance Documents)e. 特殊付款方式 (Special Payment Terms)- 分批付款 (Partial Payment)- 保函付款 (Payment by guarantee)3. 英译 (English Translations)a. 不可撤销信用证 (Irrevocable Letter of Credit)b. 可撤销信用证 (Revocable Letter of Credit)c. 付款期限 (Payment Deadline)d. 有利可图关闭日期 (Beneficiary's Option Closing Date)e. 见单即付 (Sight Payment)f. 延期付款 (Deferred Payment)g. 提单 (Bill of Lading)h. 商业发票 (Commercial Invoice)i. 保险单据 (Insurance Documents)j. 分批付款 (Partial Payment)k. 保函付款 (Payment by guarantee)4. 实例应用 (Example Applications)a. 卖方向买方开出不可撤销信用证 (Seller Issues an Irrevocable Letter of Credit to the Buyer)b. 买方提前支付货款 (Buyer Prepays the Goods)c. 买方选择延期付款 (Buyer Chooses Deferred Payment)d. 分批付款的情况 (Scenario of Partial Payment)In foreign trade, understanding and correctly utilizing different payment terms is essential for a successful transaction. Through the comparison of payment terms in both Chinese and English, this article aims to provide a comprehensive reference for individuals involved in international trade. By carefully considering the payment method and its specific terms, buyers and sellers can establish a mutually beneficial agreement and eliminate potential risks.。
付款方式英文
Types of remittance
Mail Transfer (M/T) 信汇 Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇
By cable By telex By SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications)
Types of L/C
Transferable vs. Non-transferable Revolving credit vs. Non-revolving credit Reciprocal credit Back to Back credit Anticipatory / Red Clause credit Standby credit
Risky: based on commercial credit Financing requirement: either for buyer or seller Convenient, comparatively low cost
Definition –
A means of payment ensuring that the goods are handed over to the buyer only when he pays the amount shown on a bill or when he accepts the bill and commits to pay by a specified date
付款专业术语
付款(terms of payment)payment 支付，付款to pay 付款，支付，偿还dishonour 拒付deferred payment 延期付款progressive payment 分期付款payment on terms 定期付款payment agreement 支付协定pay order 支付凭证payment order 付款通知payment by banker 银行支付payment by remittance 汇拨支付payment in part 部分付款payment in full 全部付讫clean payment 单纯支付simple payment 单纯支付payment by installment 分期付款payment respite 延期付款payment at maturity 到期付款payment in advance 预付（货款）Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现Cash Against documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款payment in kind 实物支付payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现pay...Co. only 仅付...公司pay...Co. not negotiable 付...公司，不准疏通pay...Co. or order (pay to the order of...Co.) 付...公司或其指定人refusal 拒绝the refusal of payment 拒付the bank interest 银行利息decline 下降，下跌something goes wrong 某事上出问题，出现差错commodity 产品convenient 方便的discount 贴现draft 汇票Promisory Note 本票cheque 支票clean bill 光票documentary bill 跟单汇票Sight Bill 即期汇票Time Bill 远期汇票Usance Bill 远期汇票Commercial Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票invoice 发票Performer Invoice 形式发票Sample Invoice 样品发票Consignment Invoice 寄售发票Recipe Invoice 收妥发票Certified Invoice 证明发票Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票At sight 即期，见票即付At...days (month)after sight 付款人见票后若干天（月）付款At...days sight 付款人见票后若干天即付款At...days after date 出票后若干天付款At...days after B/L 提单签发后若干天付款remittance 汇付Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇collection 托收clean Bill for Collection 光票托收documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》Collection Advice 托收委托书Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇Trust Receipt 信托收据copy 副本original 正本documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 即期付款交单documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单dealing 交易，生意sales-purchasing 促销，推销stage 阶段，过程destination 目的地to make exception 例外Cash Against Payment 凭单付款Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证form of credit 信用证形式Terms of validity 信用证效期Expiry Date 效期Date of issue 开证日期L/C amount 信用证金额L/C number 信用证号码to open by airmail 信开to open by cable 电开to open by brief cable 简电开证to amend L/C 修改信用证fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑的信用证Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证Countervailing credit （俗称）子证Overriding credit 母证Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证method of reimbursement 索汇方法without recourse 不受追索Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字beneficiary 受益人guarantor 保证人Exporter's Bank 出口方银行Importer's Bank 进口方银行Seller's Bank 卖方银行Buyer's Bank 买方银行Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行Remitting Bank 汇出行Opening Bank 开证行Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank 通知行Notifying Bank 通知行Negotiating Bank 议付行Drawee Bank 付款行Confirming Bank 保兑行Presenting Bank 提示行Transmitting Bank 转递行Accepting Bank 承兑行Additional Words and Phrasespay bearer 付给某人bearer 来人payer 付款人consignee 受托人consignor 委托人drawer 出票人principal 委托人drawee 付款人consignee 受托人truster 信托人acceptor 承兑人trustee 被信托人endorser 背书人discount 贴现endorsee 被背书人endorse 背书holder 持票人endorsement 背书bailee 受托人，代保管人payment against documents 凭单付款payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款payment by acceptance 承兑付款payment by bill 凭汇票付款Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书Bank Guarantee 银行保函Contract Guarantee 合约保函Payment Guarantee 付款保证书Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书Import Guarantee 进口保证书Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书Performance Guarantee 履约保证书Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书documents of title to the goods 物权凭证Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡Letter of Hypothecation 质押书General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书。
terms-of-payment-外贸函电支付方式
If you would kindly make easier payment terms, we are sure that such an accommodation would be conducive to encouraging business between us. We propose either “Cash against Documents on Arrival of Goods“ or “Drawing on us at 30days’ sight.. Your kindness in giving priority to the consideration of the above request and giving us an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.
Typical Expressions
Owing to …, we would appreciate it if you apply…(由 于……，如果你方能运使用……支付条款，我们将不胜 感激。)
3.Expecting the Acceptance
We wish that you can accommodate us in this respecal credit offered by companies.
Letter of Credit
banker’s credit offered by banks.
Remittance
Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) Demand Draft (D/D).
has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable L/C. which has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about three months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particularly taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.
Unit 6 Modes of Payment
6
Remittance 汇付
forof Worldwide T/T（电汇）: is a Society method transferring funds by Interbank Financial telecommunication system such as telex or cable. Telecommunication Though it is done at a fast speed, the cost is relatively high. But SWIFT(环球同业银行金融电信学会) members are able to transfer funds at a much lower cost. 汇款人向当地银行交付 D/D（票汇）: the transfer can be made by a check that 本国货币，由银行开具 is sold to its customer. A bank instructs another 付款委托书（ payment order），用航空邮寄交 branch/bank to pay upon demand a certain amount to 国外银行办理付出外汇 the payee specified on the check. This check is called 业务。 a banker’s demand draft. M/T(信汇)：means to transfer money by mail.
Collection 托收
D/P（付款交单）: means that the collecting bank will not transfer the shipping documents to the importer until he has paid the amount of money in question. D/P at sight （即期付款交单）： requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of documents.
expressions for payment (表达付款)
Sentence patterns for paymentIt's convenient to make payment in pound sterling. 用英镑付款较方便。
We can't accept payment on deferred terms. 我们不能接受延期付款。
What's your reason for the refusal of payment? 你们拒付的理由是什么？You ought to pay us the bank interest once payment is wrongly refused. 如果拒付错了，你们应该偿付我方的银行利息。
We'll not pay until shipping documents for the goods have reached us. 见不到货物装船单据，我们不付款。
What is the mode of payment you wish to employ? 您希望用什么方式付款？This is the normal terms of payment in international business. 这是国际贸易中惯用的付款方式。
Please protect our draft on presentation. 请见票即付。
Your draft will be honoured on presentation. 你方的汇票见票即付。
We've drawn a clean draft on you for the value of this sample shipment. 我们已经开出光票向你方索取这批货的价款。
We've drawn on you for payment of the invoice amounting to $20,000. 我们已经按照发票金额20，000美圆向你方开出了汇票。
Terms of payment 大全
Terms of payment 大全，外贸常识payment 支付，付款to pay 付款，支付，偿还dishonour 拒付deferred payment 延期付款progressive payment 分期付款payment on terms 定期付款payment agreement 支付协定pay order 支付凭证payment order 付款通知payment by banker 银行支付payment by remittance 汇拨支付payment in part 部分付款payment in full 全部付讫clean payment 单纯支付simple payment 单纯支付payment by installment 分期付款payment respite 延期付款payment at maturity 到期付款payment in advance 预付（货款）Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现Cash Against documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款payment in kind 实物支付payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现pay...Co. only 仅付...公司pay...Co. not negotiable 付...公司，不准疏通pay...Co. or order (pay to the order of...Co.) 付...公司或其指定人refusal 拒绝decline 下降，下跌the refusal of payment 拒付the bank interest 银行利息something goes wrong 某事上出问题，出现差错commodity 产品convenient 方便的discount 贴现draft 汇票Promisory Note 本票cheque 支票clean bill 光票documentary bill 跟单汇票Sight Bill 即期汇票Time Bill 远期汇票Usance Bill 远期汇票Commercial Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票invoice 发票Performer Invoice 形式发票Sample Invoice 样品发票Consignment Invoice 寄售发票Recipe Invoice 收妥发票Certified Invoice 证明发票Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票At...days (month)after sight 付款人见票后若干天（月）付款At sight 即期，见票即付At...days sight 付款人见票后若干天即付款At...days after date 出票后若干天付款At...days after B/L 提单签发后若干天付款remittance 汇付Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇collection 托收Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇clean Bill for Collection 光票托收documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》Collection Advice 托收委托书Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇Trust Receipt 信托收据copy 副本original 正本documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight)即期付款交单to make exception 例外sales-purchasing 促销，推销documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单dealing 交易，生意destination 目的地Cash Against Payment 凭单付款Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证form of credit 信用证形式Terms of validity 信用证效期Expiry Date 效期Date of issue 开证日期L/C amount 信用证金额L/C number 信用证号码to open by airmail 信开to open by cable 电开to open by brief cable 简电开证fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证to amend L/C 修改信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑的信用证Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证Countervailing credit （俗称）子证Overriding credit 母证Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证method of reimbursement 索汇方法without recourse 不受追索Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字beneficiary 受益人guarantor 保证人Exporter's Bank 出口方银行Importer's Bank 进口方银行Seller's Bank 卖方银行Buyer's Bank 买方银行Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行Remitting Bank 汇出行Opening Bank 开证行Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank 通知行Notifying Bank 通知行Negotiating Bank 议付行Drawee Bank 付款行Confirming Bank 保兑行Presenting Bank 提示行Transmitting Bank 转递行Accepting Bank 承兑行pay bearer 付给某人bearer 来人payer 付款人consignee 受托人consignor 委托人drawer 出票人principal 委托人drawee 付款人consignee 受托人truster 信托人acceptor 承兑人trustee 被信托人endorser 背书人discount 贴现endorsee 被背书人endorse 背书holder 持票人endorsement 背书bailee 受托人，代保管人payment against documents 凭单付款payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款payment by acceptance 承兑付款payment by bill 凭汇票付款Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书Bank Guarantee 银行保函Contract Guarantee 合约保函Payment Guarantee 付款保证书Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书Import Guarantee 进口保证书Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书Performance Guarantee 履约保证书Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书documents of title to the goods 物权凭证Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡Letter of Hypothecation 质押书General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书最新报关英语打全最新报关英语大全:一．单证（documents)进出口业务涉及的单证总的包括三大类：1。
一些关于付款的英语词汇
Payment Terms付款payment 支付，付款to pay 付款，支付，偿还dishonour 拒付deferred payment 延期付款progressive payment 分期付款payment on terms 定期付款payment agreement 支付协定pay order 支付凭证payment order 付款通知payment by banker 银行支付payment by remittance 汇拨支付payment in part 部分付款payment in full 全部付讫clean payment 单纯支付simple payment 单纯支付payment by installment 分期付款payment respite 延期付款payment at maturity 到期付款payment in advance 预付（货款）Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现Cash Against Documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款payment in kind 实物支付payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现payment terms 支付条件，付款方式the mode of payment 付款方式discount 贴现draft 汇票Promisory Note 本票cheque 支票clean bill 光票documentary bill 跟单汇票Sight Bill 即期汇票Time Bill 远期汇票Usance Bill 远期汇票Commercial Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票invoice 发票Performer Invoice 形式发票Sample Invoice 样品发票Consignment Invoice 寄售发票Recipe Invoice 收妥发票Certified Invoice 证明发票Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票At sight 即期，见票即付remittance 汇付Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇collection 托收clean Bill for Collection 光票托收Documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》Collection Advice 托收委托书Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇Trust Receipt 信托收据copy 副本original 正本Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单Documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 即期付款交单Documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单Documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单dealing 交易，生意sales-purchasing 促销，推销stage 阶段，过程destination 目的地to make exception 例外Cash Against Payment 凭单付款Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证form of credit 信用证形式Terms of validity 信用证效期Expiry Date 效期Date of issue 开证日期L/C amount 信用证金额L/C number 信用证号码to open by airmail 信开to open by cable 电开to open by brief cable 简电开证to amend L/C 修改信用证fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑的信用证Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证Countervailing credit （俗称）子证Overriding credit 母证Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证method of reimbursement 索汇方法without recourse 不受追索Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字beneficiary 受益人guarantor 保证人Exporter's Bank 出口方银行Importer's Bank 进口方银行Seller's Bank 卖方银行Buyer's Bank 买方银行Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行Remitting Bank 汇出行Opening Bank 开证行Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank 通知行Notifying Bank 通知行Negotiating Bank 议付行Drawee Bank 付款行Confirming Bank 保兑行Presenting Bank 提示行Transmitting Bank 转递行Accepting Bank 承兑行Additional Words and Phrasespay bearer 付给某人bearer 来人payer 付款人consignee 受托人consignor 委托人drawer 出票人principal 委托人drawee 付款人consingnee 受托人truster 信托人acceptor 承兑人trustee 被信托人endorser 背书人discount 贴现endorsee 被背书人endorse 背书holder 持票人endorsement 背书bailee 受托人，代保管人payment against documents 凭单付款payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款payment by acceptance 承兑付款payment by bill 凭汇票付款Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书Bank Guarantee 银行保函Contract Guarantee 合约保函Payment Guarantee 付款保证书Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书Import Guarantee 进口保证书Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书Performance Guarantee 履约保证书Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书Documents of title to the goods 物权凭证Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡Letter of Hypothecation 质押书General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书。
付款方式
☆Currency for payment
How will the currency be exchanged? Are there any currency restrictions(外汇限制。 ) in your country? In what currency would you like the payment to be made? We may have some difficulties with a payment in cash? It’s our usually practice to make the payment via an L/C. Have you taken the exchange rate汇率 into consideration? What do you think of payment in pounds sterling英镑 instead of US dollar? We’d prefer to receive payment in hard currency硬通货 .
Part 3 Language Focus
Shall we discuss the term of payment? What is your regular practice about terms of payment? What are your terms of payment? How are we going to arrange payment?
依照有无另一家银行保兑来分
1) Confirmed credit保兑 2) Unconfirmed credit不保兑
5. According to the time of payment
国际商务函电之付款方式terms-of-payment
Modes of payment
1. Remittance
2. Collection
3. Letter of credit
Remittance
It is a commercial credit, used in those sales under the terms of payment in advance, cash on delivery, and open account. • • Mail transfer: M/T Telegraphic transfer: T/T
Documentary collection (1) Documents against payment (D/P) The shipment documents are to be delivered against payment only. D/P at sight——Pay against documentary draft at sight
•
a check payable at sight
• 应付票据
• 应付款额
• 应付账款
• 见票即付支票
Payment： • payment terms
• payment on deferred terms
• monthly payments of $ 3,000 • 付款条件 • 延期付款 • 每月支付3000美元
• 信用证方式有三个特点： • 一是信用证是一项自足文件（self-sufficient instrument）。信用证不依附于买卖合同，银 行在审单时强调的是信用证与基础贸易相分离的 书面形式上的认证； • 二是信用证方式是纯单据业务（pure documentary transaction）。信用证是凭单 付款，不以货物为准。只要单据相符，开证行就 应无条件付款； • 三是开证银行负首要付款责任（primary liabilities for payment）。信用证是一种银行 信用，它是银行的一种担保文件，开证银行对支 付有首要付款的责任。
付款条款英语(terms of payment)
付款条款英语（terms of payment）2007-09-12 15:27payment 支付，付款to pay 付款，支付，偿还dishonour 拒付deferred payment 延期付款progressive payment 分期付款payment on terms 定期付款payment agreement 支付协定pay order 支付凭证payment order 付款通知payment by banker 银行支付payment by remittance 汇拨支付payment in part 部分付款payment in full 全部付讫clean payment 单纯支付simple payment 单纯支付payment by installment 分期付款payment respite 延期付款payment at maturity 到期付款payment in advance 预付（货款）Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现Cash Against documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款payment in kind 实物支付payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现pay...Co. only 仅付...公司pay...Co. not negotiable 付...公司，不准疏通pay...Co. or order (pay to the order of...Co.) 付...公司或其指定人refusal 拒绝the refusal of payment 拒付the bank interest 银行利息decline 下降，下跌something goes wrong 某事上出问题，出现差错commodity 产品convenient 方便的discount 贴现draft 汇票Promisory Note 本票cheque 支票clean bill 光票documentary bill 跟单汇票Sight Bill 即期汇票Time Bill 远期汇票Usance Bill 远期汇票Commercial Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票invoice 发票Performer Invoice 形式发票Sample Invoice 样品发票Consignment Invoice 寄售发票Recipe Invoice 收妥发票Certified Invoice 证明发票Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票At sight 即期，见票即付At...days (month)after sight 付款人见票后若干天（月）付款At...days sight 付款人见票后若干天即付款At...days after date 出票后若干天付款At...days after B/L 提单签发后若干天付款remittance 汇付Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇collection 托收clean Bill for Collection 光票托收documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》Collection Advice 托收委托书Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇Trust Receipt 信托收据copy 副本original 正本documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight) 即期付款交单documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单dealing 交易，生意sales-purchasing 促销，推销stage 阶段，过程destination 目的地to make exception 例外Cash Against Payment 凭单付款Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证form of credit 信用证形式Terms of validity 信用证效期Expiry Date 效期Date of issue 开证日期L/C amount 信用证金额L/C number 信用证号码to open by airmail 信开to open by cable 电开to open by brief cable 简电开证to amend L/C 修改信用证fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑的信用证Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证Countervailing credit （俗称）子证Overriding credit 母证Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证method of reimbursement 索汇方法without recourse 不受追索Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字beneficiary 受益人guarantor 保证人Exporter's Bank 出口方银行Importer's Bank 进口方银行Seller's Bank 卖方银行Buyer's Bank 买方银行Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行Remitting Bank 汇出行Opening Bank 开证行Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank 通知行Notifying Bank 通知行Negotiating Bank 议付行Drawee Bank 付款行Confirming Bank 保兑行Presenting Bank 提示行Transmitting Bank 转递行Accepting Bank 承兑行Additional Words and Phrasespay bearer 付给某人bearer 来人payer 付款人consignee 受托人consignor 委托人drawer 出票人principal 委托人drawee 付款人consignee 受托人truster 信托人acceptor 承兑人trustee 被信托人endorser 背书人discount 贴现endorsee 被背书人endorse 背书holder 持票人endorsement 背书bailee 受托人，代保管人payment against documents 凭单付款payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款payment by acceptance 承兑付款payment by bill 凭汇票付款Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书Bank Guarantee 银行保函Contract Guarantee 合约保函Payment Guarantee 付款保证书Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书Import Guarantee 进口保证书Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书Performance Guarantee 履约保证书Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书documents of title to the goods 物权凭证Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡Letter of Hypothecation 质押书General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书。
支付方式英文作文
支付方式英文作文Here is an essay on the topic of "Payment Methods" with a word count greater than 1000 words, written entirely in English without any additional title or punctuation.The world of commerce has evolved significantly over the years with the advent of various payment methods. From traditional cash and checks to the rise of digital payments, the landscape of how we conduct financial transactions has transformed dramatically. This essay will explore the different payment methods available and their respective advantages and disadvantages.Cash has long been the most widely accepted and utilized form of payment. It is a tangible and immediate form of exchange, providing a sense of security and control for the user. Cash transactions are often preferred for their anonymity, as they do not leave a digital trail. Additionally, cash is universally accepted, making it a convenient choice for individuals in various settings, from small local businesses to international travel. However, the reliance on cash also presents drawbacks, such as the risk of theft, the need for secure storage, and the inconvenience of carrying large sums.Checks, on the other hand, offer a more formal and traceable method of payment. They provide a written record of the transaction, which can be useful for accounting and legal purposes. Checks also allow for the deferment of payment, enabling individuals to manage their cash flow more effectively. However, the use of checks has declined in recent years due to the rise of electronic payment methods, which are often faster and more efficient.Credit cards have become a ubiquitous payment method, offering consumers the ability to make purchases without the immediate exchange of cash. Credit cards provide the convenience of deferred payment, allowing users to spread out their purchases over time and potentially earn rewards or cash back. Additionally, credit cards offer protection against fraud and unauthorized charges, making them a popular choice for online transactions and large purchases. Nevertheless, the use of credit cards can also lead to the accumulation of debt if not managed responsibly.Debit cards, on the other hand, are directly linked to a user's bank account, allowing for the immediate deduction of funds from their available balance. Debit cards are often preferred for their ability to limit overspending and provide a more direct connection to one's financial resources. They are widely accepted and offer the convenience of electronic payments without the risk of incurring debt. However, debit card transactions may not provide the samelevel of fraud protection as credit cards, and users may be subject to fees for certain transactions.The rise of digital payment methods, such as mobile wallets and online payment platforms, has revolutionized the way we conduct financial transactions. These innovative solutions offer a range of benefits, including increased security, faster processing times, and the ability to make payments remotely. Mobile wallets, for example, allow users to store their payment information on their smartphones, enabling quick and convenient transactions. Online payment platforms, such as PayPal and Venmo, have become increasingly popular for their ability to facilitate peer-to-peer transfers and facilitate e-commerce transactions. These digital payment methods often provide enhanced fraud protection and the ability to track transaction history, making them attractive options for both consumers and businesses.Cryptocurrency, a decentralized digital currency, has also emerged as a novel payment method in recent years. Cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, operate on a blockchain technology, which offers a secure and transparent record of all transactions. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies provides users with a sense of autonomy and control over their finances, as they are not subject to the regulations and policies of traditional financial institutions. However, the volatility of cryptocurrency markets and the complexity of thetechnology can present challenges for mainstream adoption.Each payment method has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which to use often depends on the specific needs and preferences of the individual or business. Cash may be preferred for its simplicity and anonymity, while credit cards offer the convenience of deferred payment and fraud protection. Debit cards provide a direct connection to one's financial resources, and digital payment methods offer enhanced security and remote accessibility. Ultimately, the selection of a payment method should be based on a careful consideration of the user's priorities, such as convenience, security, and financial management.As the payment landscape continues to evolve, it is essential for individuals and businesses to stay informed and adapt to the changing landscape. By understanding the various payment methods and their respective strengths and weaknesses, users can make informed decisions that align with their financial needs and preferences, ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency and security of their financial transactions.。
支付的方式英语怎么写作文
支付的方式英语怎么写作文Title: Exploring Different Payment Methods。
In today's rapidly evolving world, the realm of payment methods has witnessed significant transformations. With the advent of technology, traditional modes of payment have been augmented by innovative alternatives, catering to diverse consumer preferences and needs. In this essay, we delve into various payment methods, exploring their functionalities, advantages, and impact on commerce and society.First and foremost, cash remains a ubiquitous form of payment across the globe. Its tangible nature facilitates seamless transactions, especially in areas where digital infrastructure is limited. Despite its convenience, cash transactions pose security risks and lack the traceability associated with electronic payments. Nonetheless, cash continues to be favored by individuals seeking anonymity and those wary of digital vulnerabilities.On the contrary, electronic payments have gained substantial traction in recent years, driven by advancements in fintech and the proliferation of smartphones. Debit and credit cards, characterized by their convenience and widespread acceptance, have become integral to modern commerce. The advent of contactless payment methods, such as Near Field Communication (NFC) and mobile wallets, has further streamlined transactions, offering enhanced security and efficiency. Moreover, the emergence of peer-to-peer payment platforms has revolutionized the way individuals transfer funds, fostering financial inclusivity and reducing reliance on traditional banking systems.In tandem with electronic payments, online banking has revolutionized financial transactions, empowering users to manage their finances remotely. Online banking services enable individuals to perform various functions, including fund transfers, bill payments, and account management, from the comfort of their homes. The convenience andaccessibility afforded by online banking have propelled thedigitization of financial services, reshaping consumer behaviors and preferences.Cryptocurrencies represent the latest frontier in payment innovation, leveraging blockchain technology to facilitate decentralized transactions. Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency, has garnered widespreadattention for its potential to revolutionize traditional finance. Despite initial skepticism, cryptocurrencies have gained acceptance among investors and merchants, with an increasing number of businesses embracing them as a form of payment. The decentralized nature of cryptocurrenciesoffers benefits such as reduced transaction costs, enhanced security, and financial sovereignty. However, regulatory uncertainties and volatility remain key challenges hindering their mainstream adoption.Furthermore, alternative payment methods such as prepaid cards, digital wallets, and biometricauthentication are gaining momentum, offering consumers additional choices and flexibility. Prepaid cards, for instance, provide a convenient solution for individualswithout access to traditional banking services, enabling them to participate in the digital economy. Digital wallets, on the other hand, consolidate multiple payment instruments into a single platform, facilitating seamless transactions across different merchants and channels. Biometric authentication methods, including fingerprint and facial recognition, enhance security and streamline the authentication process, offering a frictionless payment experience.In conclusion, the landscape of payment methods is continually evolving, driven by technological innovationand shifting consumer preferences. From traditional cash transactions to cutting-edge cryptocurrencies, individuals have an array of options at their disposal. While each payment method possesses its unique features and advantages, the overarching goal remains the same: to facilitate efficient, secure, and convenient transactions. As technology continues to advance, it is imperative for businesses and financial institutions to adapt and embrace emerging payment solutions, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility in the digital age.。
统计学—案例2-13-1Pelican商店-作业
Pelican商店案例分析报告（一）70%顾客使用优惠券消费，并有70%顾客选择签帐卡付费方式；93.0%的顾客为女性，已婚的占总体84%图1 Pelican商店促销期间顾客基本情况分布（二）71.0%的女性顾客及57.1%的男性顾客使用了优惠券，72.6%的已婚顾客及56.3%的单身顾客使用了优惠券；使用美国运通、万事达和维萨卡的促销顾客与普通顾客各占一半，选择签帐卡支付的顾客中有81.4%使用优惠券，使用发现卡支付的全部为普通顾客图2 顾客类型在性别下的对比图3 顾客类型在支付方式下的对比图4顾客类型在婚姻状况下的对比图5顾客类型在性别及支付方式下的的交叉对比（三）每位顾客的净消费额集中于10~90美元区间，仅有3%的顾客当日消费在240美元以上；购物数量集中于1~5件区间，仅有3%的顾客当日购物在10件及以上图6 当日净销售额的频数分布图7 当日销售商品数量的频数分布（四）当日卖出的商品中72.67%通过签帐卡支付，仅有3.11%和2.17%通过美国运通及发现卡支付；但使用美国运通支付的顾客平均购买商品数量为5件，使用签帐卡支付的顾客平均购买商品数量则为3.34件图8 不同支付方式下购物数量的对比（五）普通顾客与促销顾客在消费额上均集中于10~89美元区间；但整体上看促销顾客比普通顾客更愿意高消费，促销顾客中有10%的消费额在170美元及以上，14.29%的消费额在110~169美元区间；而普通顾客中，消费额在110~169美元区间的占10%，170美元及以上的则没有3.11% 2.17%13.04%72.67%9.01%5.001.753.003.342.900.001.002.003.004.005.006.000.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%American ExpressDiscoverMasterCardProprietary CardVisa求和项:Items 平均值项:Items表1 净销售额与顾客类型的交叉频率表TypeNet Sales10~29 30~49 50~69 70~89 90~109 110~129 130~149 150~169 ≥170TotalPromotional 11.43% 22.86% 20.00% 11.43% 10.00% 7.14% 4.29% 2.86% 10.00% 100% Regular 16.67% 33.33% 20.00% 13.33% 6.67% 3.33% 3.33% 3.33% 0.00% 100% Total 13% 26% 20% 12% 9% 6% 4% 3% 7% 100% （六）进一步的分析表明，持有优惠券的女性顾客消费额整体高于普通的女性顾客，男性顾客同样如此，但与女性顾客相比，男性顾客消费的金额主要集中于10~49美金区间；持有优惠券的已婚顾客整体消费水平高于普通的已婚顾客，但持有优惠券的单身顾客中有11.11%消费金额在170美金及以上，明显高于其他类型的顾客表2净销售额与顾客类型在性别分类下的交叉频率表Type GenderNet Sales10~49 50~89 90~129 130~169 ≥170TotalPromotional Female 33.33% 31.82% 16.67% 7.58% 10.61% 100% Male 50.00% 25.00% 25.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100%RegularFemale 44.44% 37.04% 11.11% 7.41% 0.00% 100% Male 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100% Total 39% 32% 15% 7% 7% 100%表3净销售额与顾客类型在婚姻情况分类下的交叉频率表Type Married StatusNet Sales10~49 50~89 90~129 130~169 ≥170TotalPromotional Married 34.43% 31.15% 16.39% 8.20% 9.84% 100% Single 33.33% 33.33% 22.22% 0.00% 11.11% 100%RegularMarried 56.52% 30.43% 8.70% 4.35% 0.00% 100% Single 28.57% 42.86% 14.29% 14.29% 0.00% 100% Total 39% 32% 15% 7% 7% 100%（七）当日净销售额的均值为77.60美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[66.56,88.65]；而促销顾客当日消费金额的均值为84.29美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[69.64,98.95]，普通顾客当日消费金额的均值为61.99美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[41.03,75.09]表4净销售额在总体及顾客类型下的描述性统计结果NNet SalesMean95% Confidence Interval for Mean StDevMedianMinMaxSkLower boundUpper bound Total 100 77.60 66.56 88.65 55.66 59.71 13.23 287.59 1.71 by Type Promotional 70 84.29 69.64 98.95 61.46 63.42 13.23 287.59 1.52 Regular3061.9941.0375.0935.0751.0022.50159.751.35（八）虽然使用美国运通支付的顾客数最低，仅占2%，但其消费能力最强，当日消费额的均值为166美金；选择签帐卡支付的顾客当日消费额的均值为80.27美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[66.54,94.00]表5净销售额在总体及顾客类型下的描述性统计结果Method of PaymentNNet SalesMean95% Confidence Intervalfor Mean StDev Median Min Max SkLower bound Upper boundAmerican Express2 166.00 — — 141.42 166.00 66.00 266.00 — Discover 4 60.25 27.19 93.31 20.78 56.25 39.50 89.00 1.09 MasterCard 14 67.11 44.77 89.46 38.70 56.00 25.00 145.20 1.23 Proprietary Card70 80.27 66.54 94.00 57.59 62.80 13.23 287.59 1.56 Visa1062.8432.5893.1042.3154.0019.50160.401.49图9 支付方式与消费金额均值的对比（九）女性顾客当日消费额的均值为79.19美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[67.47,90.91]，男性顾客当日消费额的均值为56.49美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[28.37,84.60]；已婚顾客当日消费额的均值为78.03美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[65.51,90.54]，单身顾客当日消费额的均值为75.35美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[51.28,99.42]，但通过中位数可以看出单身顾客的消费水平整体高于已婚顾客1070144262.880.367.160.3166.00.020.040.060.080.0100.0120.0140.0160.0180.001020304050607080VisaProprietary CardMasterCardDiscoverAmerican Express计数项:Method of Payment 平均值项:Net Sales表6净销售额在性别及婚姻类型下的描述性统计结果NNet SalesMean95% Confidence Intervalfor Mean StDev Median Min Max SkLower bound Upper boundby Gender Female 93 79.19 67.47 90.91 56.90 62.40 13.23 287.59 1.66 Male 7 56.49 28.37 84.60 30.40 47.20 29.50 118.80 1.78 By Married StatusMarried 84 78.03 65.51 90.54 57.67 59.00 13.23 287.59 1.73 Single1675.3551.2899.4245.1764.4629.50192.801.35（十）50~59岁年龄段的顾客消费能力最强，当日消费额的均值为102.95美金，95%置信水平下的区间为[63.45,142.44]，但同时这一群体消费额的标准差也最高，达92.03美金；30~39岁年龄段的顾客消费相对更稳定，当日消费额均值为78.24美元，95%置信水平下的区间为[56.47,100.00]，消费额的标准差为59.00美金表7净销售额在年龄分段下的描述性统计结果AgeNNet SalesMean95% Confidence Intervalfor Mean StDev Median Min Max SkLower bound Upper bound 20~29 10 77.12 50.99 103.26 36.54 71.50 31.60 146.80 0.44 30~39 30 78.24 56.47 100.00 58.29 59.00 14.82 253.00 1.67 40~49 33 69.76 52.07 87.44 49.88 54.50 13.23 198.80 1.26 50~59 16 102.95 63.45 142.44 74.12 92.03 22.42 287.59 1.59 ≥601162.9633.2992.6244.1645.2218.00159.751.05（十一）并未有证据表明顾客的年龄与消费额之间存在显著的相关性，两者的Pearson 相关系数为-0.011，p 值为0.916图10 年龄与净销售额的散点图501001502002503003501525354555657585N E T S A L E SAGE图11性别分类下年龄与净销售额的散点图。
微信支付方式英语作文
WeChat Pay,a revolutionary mobile payment service developed by Tencent,has become an integral part of daily life in China.It allows users to make transactions and payments with just a few taps on their smartphones.Heres a detailed look at how WeChat Pay works and its various features:1.Account Setup:To start using WeChat Pay,one must first link a bank account or credit card to their WeChat account.This is done through the WeChat app by navigating to the Me section,then Wallet,and following the prompts to add a payment method.2.Security Measures:WeChat Pay employs multiple layers of security to protect users financial information.This includes password protection,fingerprint recognition,and twofactor authentication for added security during transactions.3.Making Payments:Once the account is set up,users can make payments by scanning a QR code provided by the merchant or by selecting the Pay option in the WeChat app. This can be used for a wide range of services,from purchasing goods at a physical store to paying for online services and utilities.4.Receiving Payments:WeChat Pay also allows users to receive money.Friends and family can send money directly to a users WeChat account,which can then be transferred to a bank account or used for payments within the app.5.Transfers and Topups:Users can transfer money between WeChat Pay accounts or top up their mobile phone credit directly through the app.This feature is particularly convenient for managing personal finances on the go.6.Bill Payments:WeChat Pay simplifies the process of paying bills by allowing users to settle utility bills,credit card payments,and other recurring expenses directly through the app.7.InApp Purchases:Many apps and services within China integrate WeChat Pay as a payment option,making it easy for users to purchase goods or services without leaving the app.8.Loyalty Programs and Discounts:WeChat Pay often partners with merchants to offer discounts and loyalty points,incentivizing users to make more transactions through the platform.9.CrossBorder Payments:For users traveling abroad,WeChat Pay supports crossborder transactions in certain countries,allowing for a seamless payment experience even whenoutside of China.10.Customer Support:WeChat Pay provides customer support for any issues that may arise during the use of the service,ensuring a smooth user experience.In conclusion,WeChat Pay has transformed the way people conduct transactions in China,offering a convenient,secure,and efficient method of payment that is accessible to millions of users.Its widespread adoption has not only made daily life more convenient but has also spurred further innovation in the fintech industry.。
英语作文支付方式
英语作文支付方式Title: Exploring Various Payment Methods in Today's Society。
In today's fast-paced society, the method of payment has evolved significantly, shaping the way we conduct transactions and manage our finances. From traditional cash transactions to digital payments, the options available to consumers continue to expand, offering convenience, security, and efficiency. This essay will delve into the diverse payment methods prevalent in contemporary society, examining their advantages, disadvantages, and impact on daily life.Firstly, let us consider the traditional method of payment: cash. Cash transactions involve the use of physical currency, such as coins and banknotes, to complete purchases. Despite the rise of digital alternatives, cash remains a popular choice for many individuals and businesses. One of the primary advantages of cash is itsuniversality – it is widely accepted and does not require any technological infrastructure. Moreover, cashtransactions are instantaneous and do not incur any additional fees, making them suitable for small purchases and transactions in areas with limited access to banking services. However, cash transactions have several drawbacks, including the risk of theft, loss, and the inconvenience of carrying large sums of money.In contrast to cash, electronic payment methods have gained prominence in recent years, offering greater convenience and security. Debit and credit cards are among the most common forms of electronic payment, allowing consumers to make purchases online and in-store without the need for physical cash. These cards are linked to bank accounts and offer various features such as cashback rewards, purchase protection, and fraud detection. Additionally, contactless payment methods, such as mobile wallets and near-field communication (NFC) technology, enable users to complete transactions quickly and securely by tapping their smartphones or cards at point-of-sale terminals. Electronic payments provide a digital record oftransactions, making it easier to track expenses and manage finances effectively. However, concerns about data privacy and security breaches have raised questions about the reliability of electronic payment systems.Another increasingly popular payment method is mobile payment apps, which allow users to transfer money, pay bills, and make purchases using their smartphones. Platforms like PayPal, Venmo, and Alipay haverevolutionized the way people send and receive money, offering seamless integration with banking accounts and additional features such as peer-to-peer transfers andsplit payments. Mobile payment apps provide users with flexibility and convenience, allowing them to complete transactions anytime, anywhere. Moreover, these apps often incorporate advanced security measures, such as encryption and biometric authentication, to protect users' financial information. However, reliance on smartphones and internet connectivity can pose challenges in areas with limited network coverage or technological infrastructure.Cryptocurrency represents a relatively new andinnovative form of payment that has gained traction in recent years. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other digital currencies utilize blockchain technology to facilitatepeer-to-peer transactions without the need forintermediaries like banks or governments. Cryptocurrencies offer several advantages, including decentralization, transparency, and lower transaction fees compared to traditional banking systems. Furthermore, blockchain technology provides a secure and immutable ledger of transactions, reducing the risk of fraud and identity theft. However, the volatility of cryptocurrency prices and regulatory uncertainty have hindered its widespreadadoption as a mainstream payment method.In conclusion, the evolution of payment methods has transformed the way we conduct financial transactions and manage our money. From traditional cash transactions to digital and mobile payment solutions, consumers now have a wide range of options to choose from based on their preferences and needs. While each payment method has itsown advantages and disadvantages, the overarching trend towards digitization and convenience is reshaping thefuture of commerce. As technology continues to advance and consumer behavior evolves, it is likely that we will see further innovations in payment systems, paving the way for a more efficient and inclusive financial ecosystem.。
结账名词解释
结账名词解释
结账是指在购物、用餐等消费行为结束后，按照商家或服务提供者所规定的方式付款或结算的过程。
以下是一些结账过程中常用的名词解释：
1. 收据（Receipt）：商家或服务提供者提供的记录购买或消费情况的单据，包含商品或服务的名称、价格、数量等信息。
2. 发票（Invoice）：商家向客户提供的正式的购买或消费的票据，包含商品或服务的名称、价格、数量等信息，同时也包括商家的名称、地址、税号等信息。
3. 支付方式（Payment Method）：指购买或消费者所选择的支付方式，如现金、信用卡、借记卡、电子支付等方式。
4. 折扣（Discount）：商家为促销或回馈顾客而减少产品或服务价格的行为。
5. 小费（Tip）：在餐饮业中，客户为服务员服务满意度而额外支付的费用。
6. 税费（Tax）：商家根据当地法律规定向客户收取的消费税，也称为销售税。
7. 找零（Change）：客户在现金支付时，商家退还的余额金额，为了方便计算有时也称为“零钱”。
这些名词的理解和正确使用可以让消费者更好地完成结账过程，确保消费记录的准确性和合法性。
- 1 -。
工艺专业英语词汇
如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！1.项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition商务commercial技术technical技术说明technical specification建议书proposal book资料费information price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation2报价资料工艺说明process description工艺特点process feature经验记载experience record工艺特性process performance设备表equipment list说明规定规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP&I 图P&I diagram单线图single line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料文件document3.合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performance guarantee时间保证time guarantee交货保证delivery guarantee建造保证workmanship guarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料raw material如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！辅助原料sub-raw material产品product付产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limit(界区)进料incoming(界区)出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition(配管图)分界区match line工厂装置plant设备equipment关键设备critical equipment专利设备proprietary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment散装材料bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表instrument备品备件spare part建筑工具construction aid(现场)居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train日历日calendar day日历月calendar month机械(试车)完工mechanical completion试车trial operation初次试车initial operation开车start up注油oil in投料fees in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol4估算估算estimate如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！概算budgetary estimate推算slide幂指数power term(费用)分类,分项价格breakdown外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible currency专利费license fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费know-how fee基础设计费basic engineering fee代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk易货补偿compensation直接费用direct cost间接费用indirect cost项目管理费project expense现场管理费field expense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费living expense出勤津贴daily allowance(出差)准备费outfit allowance劳务费labor cost基本工资base wage补偿费payroll burden福利费fringe benefit5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection(现场)位置location市场marketing可获利润率profitability生产成本production cost经营费operation cost可变成本variable cost不变成本fixed cost总投资total capital cost折旧费depreciation现金流量cash flow如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！折现现金流量discount cash flow工况研究case study产权资本,自有资金equity建设资本利息interest during construction6业务范围现场勘测site survey工艺设计process design基础设计basic engineering基础设计包basic design package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work临时工作temporary work投料试车commissioning培训training(现场)指导supervisory service顾问advisor service初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware7工厂分类与设计**地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版(设计)厂copy plant生产厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant实验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂petrochemical complex下游(厂) downstream(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置mirror image如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！设计余量over design降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈Debottlenecking工厂模型plant model8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergency power generation facility水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设施water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument gas generation facility惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公楼administration building维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通用设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具safety equipment生活设施colony如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！公用设施town-shop娱乐设施recreation facility9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接雇佣direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent-owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker(2)manufacture业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问Technical adviser用户User最终用户End user客户(1)customer(2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2. 投标合同2.1 投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotation estimation投标投标书bid tender投标资料bid document预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2合同用语协议agreement合同契约contract注销cancellation约定Consideration合同转让Assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁attribution基本法governing law秘密条款(1)secrecy clause(2)non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages总赔偿额度total liability连带(债务) joint and several预先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infringement最高限额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond2.3合同形式投标合同competitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contractFOB合同fob-type contract成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract (交钥匙合同) (2)chef montage contract总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counter-purchase transaction3. 支付金融财务3.1支付金融支付条款支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payments存留款项保留资金retention payment定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A documents against acceptance信贷信用credit卖方信贷供应商信贷supplier’s credit买方信贷buyer’s credit银行借贷bank loan财政金融finance借款借贷loan偿还reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单汇款单据documentary bill of exchange 汇款汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表决算表balance sheet损益报表P&Lprofit and loss statement4.采购运输保险4.1进出口手续出口许可证export license出口许可证变更E/L amendCOCOMcoordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment非标准结算方法non-standard paymentDBCdraw back cargo(dbc)出口申报银行export declaration bank e/d进口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证import license保税区域bonded area关税import duty原产地说明书certificate of origin发票Invoice4.2运输装箱单packing list提单bill of lading (B/L)指示提单order B/L直接提单straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L, on board B/L备运提单received B/L不附带条件的提单clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L直运提单direct B/L如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！联运提单through B/L船上收货单mate’s receipt装货通知单shipping order (S/O)交货单delivery order (D/O)空运货单airway bill海上运费ocean freight海上运费同盟freight conference目的地付费freight payable at destination码头人工搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival (ETA)船离港预定时间expected time of departure (ETD)海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD)滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)4.3保险海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor’s risk insurance4.4贸易条件出厂价(1)ex works(2)ex factory(3)ex mill海上交货fob-named port of shipment含保险海上交货cif-named port of destination国境交货条件franco frontier4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价dark price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏差表deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式(1)terms of payment(2)payment condition(3)payment terms延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！计划支付scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of purchase折价discount谈判交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation评语evaluation价格分析value analysis定购单purchase order变更定购单change order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期票promissory note催货expediting跟踪系统follow-up system4.6包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proof packing防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing防水包装water-proof packing软包装shrink packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate滑橇底座skid base框架箱framed box码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花篮螺栓turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护袋edge protector closure plate防护角corner protector板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shipping mark注意标志care mark5.项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting开工会议launching meeting项目报告project reporting审查会议screening meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告job close-out report项目执行报告job performance report完工汇编close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project design information会签inter-department check工程设计engineering design工艺条件确认engineering review工艺条件校核engineering checking项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet 施工版approved for construction (afc)设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material载荷条件loading data关键路径法critical path method关键路径进度表critical path schedulingPERTprogram evaluation and review technique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget工时man-hour (M/H)工日man-day (M/D)人月man-month (M/N)考勤表time sheet工作号work number项目号job number预期项目号proposal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hour performance report5.4费用分类费用分类code of account主账major account分账sub-account设备位号item number5.5组织指定assign借调on-loan项目成员project number项目经理project manager (PM)项目经理助理assistant project manager (APM)施工经理construction manager (CM)开工经理operation manager (OM)现场指挥field manger项目前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始采购员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC)6.标准化资料管理法规规格6.1标准化标准化standardization标准规格standard工程规定engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering manual标准图standard drawing工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law6.2资料管理情报管理information and documentation信息中心information center调研(追述) retrospective searching信息选择服务selective dissemination of information 情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficiency资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘抄secondary sources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals(学会)纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议记录proceedings索引期刊index journal文摘期刊abstract journal情报摘要information abstract提示文稿indicative abstract图书目录book catalog标题目录title catalog总目录union catalog标准目录standard catalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-context indexKWOC索引keyword-out-of-context index顺序索引permuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subject analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进分类法universal decimal classification阅读卡片visible card书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system穿孔卡夹aperture card微缩胶片fiche film6.3法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industry safety and health law建筑基本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units7图纸、条件表工艺流程图Process flow diagram(PFD)管道仪表流程图Process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID)公用工程流程图Utility balance diagram(UFD)框图Block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图Utility balance diagram(UBD)平面布置图Plot plan立面布置图General arrangement总图General plot plan规划图Planning drawing管道研究图Piping study drawing管道布置图（配管图）Piping arrangement drawing 分区图Key plan管道走向研究图Piping routing study drawing地下管道图Underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图Piping special parts drawing管架详图Piping hanging drawing预制图Prefabrication drawing参考图Reference drawing通用图Typical drawing制造厂图Vendor’s drawing管道轴测图Isometric piping drawing竣工图As-built drawing模型Model管线表schedule计算书Calculation sheet图纸目录Drawing schedule发图阶段Issue stage版次Revision number编号体系Numbering system比例Scale工厂北向Plant north海平面标高Over-sea mean level(OSL)标高Elevation(EL)已有钢结构Existing structure装货区Loading area公用工程站Utility station柱号Column number净空headroom通道Access way小通道Cat way钢结构顶部标高Top of structure elevation管底标高Bottom of piping elevation主管口径Run size顶平偏心异径管Eccentric reducer top flat中心到面的距离Center to face工作点标高Working point elevation管架标注Hanging marking冷拉Cold spring管线记号Line symbol管线接口Line connection物流号Stream NO.管线号Line NO.管道等级号(1) class designation(2) spec designation 阀门号Valve NO.等级分界Specification break重要管道Critical piping总管Header pipe仪表管道Instrument piping排放管道Blowdown piping火炬气管道Flare piping输送管线Transfer line入口管线Suction line排水管Effluent line旁通管Bypass line吹扫系统Purge system放空接口Vent connection软管接口Hose connection双切断阀及排放阀Double block and bleeder污水沟Sewer ditch冷凝液池Condensate pit积水坑Sump box漏斗Drip funnel管段Spool piece垫环Space ring限流孔板Restriction orifice流量喷嘴Flow nozzle液体混合用三通Mixing tee喷头Spray nozzle粗滤器Strainer临时粗滤器Temporary strainer疏水阀Steam trap爆破膜Rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道Steam-traced piping夹套管道Jacketed piping地下管道Underground piping管道要素钢管Steel pipe螺纹端管Threaded pipe法兰端管Flanged pipe锻制的Swage光滑弯管Smooth bendU型弯管U-bend弯管Bending pipe波纹管膨胀节Expansion bellows柔性管Flexible pipe管件接头Pipe fitting joint机械连接Mechanical joint活套连接Lapped joint环行垫连接Ring type joint扩口接头Flare type joint非扩口接头Flareless type joint承插连接Bell and spigotVictaulic 接头Victaulic joint弯头Elbow异径管Reducer管接头Coupling活接头Union短管Nipple法兰Flange配对法兰Companion flange法兰盖Blind flange异径法兰Reducing flange八字盲板(1) spectacle blind(2) reversible blind 平板式法兰Plate flange带颈法兰Hubbed flange对焊法兰Welding flange松套法兰Loose flange管端突缘Stub end法兰面Flange face垫片沟槽Gasket groove满平面Full face突面Raised face大准槽面Large tongue and groove face双凹凸面Double male & female face大凹凸面Large male & female face金属垫片Metallic gasket非金属垫片Non-metallic gasketO型环Semi-metallic gasket透视垫O-ring对焊Lens ring承插焊接Butt weld滑套焊接Socket weld焊接支管台Slip-on weld插入环Insert ring管帽Cap材料表Bill of material材料统计Take-off管段表Line bill of material估算汇总表Estimation summary sheet备品备件表Spare parts list报价单Quotation sheet订货表Purchase order schedule材料汇总表Bill of material summary状态报告Status report分布报告Distribution report价格、重量一览表Cost & weight summary 价格、重量汇总表Cost & weight total定货管理表Order control管道材料管理表Piping material control sheet 元件代码Item code标记号Tag number标准形态Standard shape轴测图Isometric drawing管线号Line reference批号Batch reference管子下料表Piping cutting list制作件表Fabrication parts list组装件表Erection part list固定架Anchor滑动架Resting support导向架Guide限位架Directional stop减振架Dampener支架Support管托Shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座Saddle耳轴Trunnion吊架Hanger刚性吊架Rigid hanger弹簧吊架Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger阀门Valve截止阀Globe valve闸阀Gate valve针行阀Needle valve球阀Ball valve止回阀Check valve隔膜阀Diaphragm valve三通阀Three-way valve角阀Angle valve蝶阀Butterfly valve旋塞阀Cock伸长杆操作Extension stem-operation链操作Chain-operated齿轮操作Gear-operated扳手操作Wrench-operated电动操作Motor-operated阀芯Trim阀盖Bonnet焊接支管Weld branch偏置Offset焊缝根部间隙Weld root gap现场调整后再下料和焊接Cut and weld after adjusting 坡度Slope工作点Working point管架说明Notes for piping hanging部门间校核版Interdepartmental check print平端Plain end坡口端Beveled管道联接图Piping hook-up drawing管道图说明Notes for piping drawing标题栏Title block询价单Piping requisition sheet8 配管及一般设备设计8.1保温、保冷绝热Insulation设备绝热表Equipment insulation schedule绝热符号Insulation code保温设计Design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温Insulation for stable operating人身防护Personnel protection防火层Fire-proofing防结露Anti-sweat防冻Winterizing防音Sound protection保温材料Hot insulation material保冷材料Cold insulation material石棉asbestos硅藻土Diatomaceous earth岩棉Rock wool玻璃棉Glass wool碳酸镁Magnesium carbonate硅酸铝Calcium silicate珍珠岩Perlite软木板Cork boards毛毡Hair felt泡沫聚氨酯Foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigid foam urethane硬泡沫橡胶Rigid foam rubber玛碲脂Mastic耐磨损材料Anti-abrasion coating material管壳Lagging cloth铁丝网Hexagonal wire netting填缝材料Caulking material保护层(1) jacketing sheet(2) cover sheet波纹铝板Corrugated aluminum sheet有色镀锌钢板Precoated galvanized sheet搭板Butt strapZ型接头Z-joint防腐、涂漆色标Colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsell notation管道识别色Identification of piping system防腐层External coating油漆Paint清漆Varnish防腐漆(1) anti-corrosive paint(2) rush-proof paint 含铝漆Aluminum paint底漆Primer耐酸漆Acid-proof paint耐碱漆Alkali-proof paint耐热漆Heat-resisting paint测温漆Thermo-paint绝缘漆Insulating varnish表面处理Surface preparation涂漆painting阴极保护Cathodic protection振动解析机械振动Mechanical vibration自由振动Free vibration强制振动Forced vibration自励振动Self-excited vibration固有频率Natural frequency固有周期Natural period波谷Loop波峰Node正弦振动Sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动Non-linear oscillation阻尼振动Damped vibration临界阻尼Critical damping衰减系数(1) attenuation(2) decay coefficient(3) decay factor 共振Resonance扭曲振动Torsional vibration挠性振动Flexural vibration极限速度Critical speed固有值Characteristic value临界条件Boundary condition弹簧系数Spring constant惯性矩Moment of inertia回转半径Radius of gyration振动吸收装置Dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器Hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1) spring dampener(2) spring damper油压锁定Oil lock耐振设计固有振动方式Natural frequency mode卓越周期Predominant period基本周期First natural frequency横波Transverse wave纵波Longitudinal wave相对位移Relative displacement质量比Mass ratio静解析法Static method修正静解析法Corrected static method动解析法Modal analysis时历响应解析法Time history response analysis设计响应光谱Design response spectrum加速响应光谱Acceleration response spectrum地板响应光谱Floor response spectrum标准响应光谱Standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比Acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性结构Rigid structure柔性结构Flexible structure长周期结构Long-period structure刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波Earthquake accelerogram位移量记录Displacement record设计地震Design earthquake设计震度Design **smic coefficient地震Earthquake震源距离Distance to centrum震中距离Distance to epicenter震级Magnitude地震波显示仪**smoscope地震仪**smograph耐震等级**smic class基岩Base rock应力分析外力External force内力Internal force反作用力Reaction force力偶Couple of force弯矩Bending moment扭矩Twist moment应力Stress弯曲应力Bending stress扭曲应力Torsional stress圆周应力Hoop stress峰值应力Peak stress一次应力Primary stress二次应力Secondary stress轴向应力Axial stress重复应力Repeated stress脉动应力Pulsating stress交变应力Alternating stress应变Strain应变能Strain energy主应力Principal stress主应力理论Principal stress theory最大剪切应力理论Maximum shearing stress theory 残余应力Residual stress热应力Thermal stress热破坏Thermal shock疲劳Fatigue疲劳曲线S-N diagram疲劳极限(1) fatigue limit(2) endurance limit 腐蚀疲劳Corrosion fatigue蠕变Creep蠕变疲劳Creep fatigue尺寸效应Size effect应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration 形状系数Shape coefficient缺口系数Notch factor应力强度系数Stress intensity factor几何惯性矩Geometrical moment of inertia断面系数Modulus of section断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area杨氏模量Young’s modulus横向弹性系数Modulus of transverse elasticity 体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity 泊松比Poissor’s ratio弹性极限Elastic limit屈服点Yield point拉伸强度Tensile strength伸长Elongation永久变形Permanent set弹性Flexibility弹性分析Elastic analysis弹性屈服Elastic buckling塑性Plasticity塑变滞后Plasticity hysteresis极限分析Limit analysis弹塑性分析Elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析Fatigue analysis有限元法Finite element method静荷载Dead load流体流动水锤Water hammer急关Rapid closure缓关Slow closure冲击波Shock closure液压振动Acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动Pulsation flow两相流Two-phase flow气压振动Acoustic vibration卡门涡街Karman eddies颤动Fluttering气蚀cavitation噪音噪音(1) noise(2) undesired sound听力范围Auditory sensation area掩蔽Masking背景噪音Background noise声强Sound intensity声压Sound pressure声压值Sound pressure level噪声值(1) noise level (2) sound level噪声计Sound level meter听觉校正回路Weighting network音平Soundness level音能Sound power音能值Sound power level总体值Overall level90%范围90% range中间值MedianNR数Noise rating number频率分析器Frequency analyzer倍频器Octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值Band level音场Sound field方向性Directivity方向系数Directivity factor衍射Diffraction声源Sound source房间常数Room constant吸音率Sound absorption coefficient穿透率Transmission coefficient穿透损失Transmission loss质量原理Mass law设计条件操作压力Operating pressure最高操作压力Maximum operating pressure操作温度Operating temperature最高操作温度Maximum operating temperature 温度基准Base temperature腐蚀裕度Corrosion allowance许容应力Allowable stress安全系数Safety factor地理条件Geological conditions如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！9. 塔、槽、换热器、加热炉9.1图面用语设备表vessel schedule工程图engineering drawing管口表(1)nozzle chart(2)nozzle schedule管口方位nozzle orientation予焊件图clip schedule切线tangent line(TL)焊缝线weld line(WL)参照线working line(WL)基准线base line9.2容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supported tower板式塔tray tower填料塔packed tower喷淋塔spray tower槽、罐drum贮罐tank球罐(1)spherical tank(2)ball tank浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas holder干式气柜dry gas holder料仓(1)silo(2)bin料斗hopper9.3内件内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray筛板塔盘perforated tray浮阀塔盘valve tray单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray波纹塔盘ripple tray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！降液管downcomer密封槽seal pot取液槽draw-off pot密封盘seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring鲍尔环Pall ring泪孔weep hole填料packing拉希环Rasching ring矩鞍形填料intalox saddle分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feed deflecter防涡流挡板vortex breaker内筒cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducing section封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head碟形封头(1)dished head(2)torispherical head半球形封头hemispherical head椎形封头conical head平封头flat head加强圈reinforcing ring夹套jacket人孔manhole手孔hand hole检查孔inspection hole接管nozzle凸缘pad nozzle锻制接管forged nozzle补强板reinforcing pad信号孔tell-tale hole容器支座vessel support裙座skirt支腿leg支耳support lug底座base block基础环base ring筋板gusset plate压环compression ring如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！鞍座saddle模板template通道acess opening套管pipe sleeve连结板lug予焊件clip接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulation support吊柱davit人孔绞链manhole hinge放空口vent nozzle呼吸阀breather valve计量口gauge hatch9.5换热器换热器heat exchanger换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD)平均温差mean temperature difference(MTD)污垢系数fouling factor布管图tube arrangement三角形排列triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列square arrangement转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger固定管板式换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangerU形管式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器kettle type heat exchanger套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger换热管tube折流板baffle plate管箱channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头floating head防冲挡板impingement baffle管束tube bundle管板tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉direct-fired heater热负荷(1)heat duty(2)heat release热损失heat loss加热炉效率efficiency of heater热流率heat flux管壁温度tube skin temperature体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射段radiant section对流段convection section屏蔽段shield section坝墙bridge wall暴露墙exposed wall屏蔽墙shielded wall管支承tube support炉管(1)heater tube(2)furnace tube扩大表面管extended surface tube联箱(1)header(2)header box回弯头return bend管群间连接管crossover通风draft烟道flue（烟道）挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excess air风箱wind box观察孔(1)observation door(2)peep door如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！检修孔access door防爆门explosion door吹灰器soot blower油漆清车导轨painter trolley陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火砖fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板insulation board可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑linking anchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansion joint10. 转动机械10.1转动机械轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearing housing联轴节shaft coupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带）V-belt转动设备turning equipment润滑lubrication润滑油(1) lubricating oil(2)lube oil密封seal轴封shaft seal填料函packing填料箱stuffing box油膜密封oil film seal油封seal oil机械密封mechanical seal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connecting rod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinder liner气缸阀cylinder value活塞piston金属填料metallic packing予埋板soleplate如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体（壳体）casing转子rotor平衡活塞balance piston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearing ring灯笼环(1)latern ring(2)seal cage10.2转动机械性能轴动力(1)shaft power(2)brake horsepower额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失gear loss机械效率mechanical efficiency机械损失mechanical loss额定转数rated speed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed旋转油膜oil whirl临界速度critical speed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩starting torque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulic horsepower活塞位移piston displacement体积效率volumetric efficiency显示图indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio10.3泵泵pump泵效率pump efficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitation coefficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head离心泵centrifugal pump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flow pump轴流泵axial pump如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！容量泵displacement type pump往复泵（活塞泵）reciprocating pump旋转泵rotary pump再生泵regenerative pump底阀foot valve10.4压缩机，风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressor efficiency往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor间隙容积clearance volumn隙囊clearance pocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor轴面压缩机axial compressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-blade fan旋桨式风机propeller fan罗茨鼓风机(1)roots blower(2)two-lobe blower螺杆式压缩机screw compressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器（二次冷却器）aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulse turbine反作用式透平reaction turbine凝汽式透平condensing turbine抽气式透平extraction turbine背压式透平back pressure turbine透平效率turbine efficiency调速器governor速度范围speed range速度调节阀speed governing valve应急调速器emergency governor跳闸速度（应急速度限）trip speed应急阀trip valve。
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出口人 ② 交 单 委 托
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⑥ 验 单 承 兑
⑤ 承 兑 提 示 和 通 知
④寄送单据
代收行
⑦承兑通知
⑨转帐并通知
托收行
进口人
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ⑨ 二 次 提 示 并 收 款
①订立合同,订立结算方式
出口人
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⑾ ③ 支 回 付 单 货 款
⑦ 验 单 承 兑 银 行 交 单
⑥ 承 兑 提 示 和 通 知
支付方式(method of payment)
•Remittance – 汇付 顺汇法 商 业 信 用
•Collection – 托收
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逆 汇 法
银行信用
汇
汇付 信汇 电汇
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票汇
单纯支付
预付货款
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一. 种类: 1. 跟单托收 documentary collection 1) D/P 2) D/A 2.光票托收 clean bill collection 二. 当事人: 1.委托人 ( principal/ drawer) ……出口人 2.托收银行 ( remitting bank)… 出口地银行 3.代收银行 ( collection bank)… 进口地银行 4. 付款人 ( payer/drawee) …… 进口人
D/A 程 序
④寄送单据
⑤回 单
代收行
托收行
⑧承兑通知
⑩转帐并通知
进口人
⑧ 通 知 付 款 赎 单
② 申 请 开 证
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④ 转 交 信 用 证
L/C 程 序
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