人教版九年级英语下专题复习:名词教案

人教版九年级英语下专题复习:名词教案
人教版九年级英语下专题复习:名词教案

九年级英语下专题复习1名词教案

【教学目标】

1. 梳理可数名词与不可数名词的用法。

2. 理清运用名词所有格的用法。

3. 例解名词词义辨析。

【教学重点难点】

名词的用法及辨析

【知识梳理】

名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。名词在英语词汇中占有较大的比例,历年中考试题都要涉及,分值在2-3分,考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空和完成句子中。近几年的中考在淡化语法的同时,突出了语言的交际性和实用性,中考热点主要集中在:1. 正确识别可数名词和不可数名词;2. 掌握可数名词复数形式的构成; 3. 正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数性;4. 掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。攻克方法:要求学生全面掌握初中阶段所学的英语知识,系统地做好语法归纳并有意识地多记一些名词惯用语,尤其是与汉语不同的一些特殊用法。

考点一:可数名词与不可数名词

[考点透析] 在可数名词与不可数名词的考查上一般出现这样几类:(1)可数名词复数的不规则变化;(2)不可数名词的量化表达;(3)可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。所以,大家首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则以及可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词。另外,还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有:a bottle of,a cup of,a glass of,a bag of等。

[品味中考] 1. I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. potatoes

C. noodles (山西卷)

[考题解答]1. A。句中it指代不可数名词fish,但是不能指代可数名词复数potatoes 或noodles。

[知识链接]可数名词的复数变化规则:

1.一般是在单数可数名词词尾加—s。例如:boy→ boys,egg→ eggs

2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的,在词尾加-es。例如:bus→ buses,watch→ watches 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加—es。例如:

story→ stories,family→ families

4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v,再加—es。例如:

leaf→ leaves,knife→ knives

5.以o结尾的,一般在词尾加-s (加-es的有hero,potato,tomato等)。

例如:photo→ photos,zoo→ zoos

不规则变化:1.元音字母变化。例如:foot→ feet,woman→ women

2.词尾变化。例如:child—children,mouse→ mice

3.单复数同形。例如:Chinese,sheep

[温馨提示]1.名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:an apple tree (一棵苹果树),three car factories (三个汽车厂)。但是修饰名词复数时例外,如:two men teachers (两位男教师)。

2.不可数名词没有复数形式。不可数名词作主语,谓语应用单数形式。

3.单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数”的变化:单数集合名词(如class,police,family,school,group,team等)尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:His family are good to me.他的家人对我很好。(这里的family 指家庭成员)

【注意】:当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时,意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如:Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team指整个队,故谓语动词用plays)

[针对练习]

1. You can get much about the World Expo on the Internet.

A. map

B. picture

C. ticket

D. information (上海卷)

2. The doctor told me to eat more because it’s good for my health. (江西卷)

A. orange

B. vegetables

C. ice cream

D. fish

[考题解答] 1. D。information为不可数名词,可以用much修饰;而map,picture和ticket 为可数名词,不能用much修饰。

2. D。句意:医生告诉我要多吃鱼,因为它有利于我的健康。本题考查名词词义的辨析及数的概念。orange橘子,橘汁,如取“橘汁”之意,与题干中的eat不符,如取“橘子”之意,应该用其复数形式,且与后面的it不符,故排除A项;根据题干中的it可知设空处为不可数名词,故排除B项;C项不符合语境,多吃冰激凌对身体不好,故排除C项;fish (鱼肉)为不可数名词,符合题意。

【名词单数变复数规则口诀】

名词单数变复数,一般加-s没有错。

词尾若是s, x, ch, sh,直接加上-es。

词尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要变ve。

“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i有道理,再加-es没问题。

词尾字母若是o,加-es有tomato和potato。

不规则变化要特别记,oo变ee, foot----feet是一例。

男人女人a变e, woman----women看仔细。

child复数要记准,“孩子们”是children。

考点二:名词所有格

[考点透析]名词所有格用于表示有生命或无生命事物的所有关系或所属关系。[品味中考]1. -How far is it from here to the hospital?

-It’s about ride.

A. twenty minute

B. twenty minutes

C. twenty minutes’

D. twenty-minutes (淄博卷)

[考题解答]1.C。ride在此为名词,根据“二十分钟的骑车路程”判断,选项中C正确。另外也可用twenty-minute来表示。

[知识链接]考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1. 表示有生命事物的名词所有格,一般在名词词尾加“’s”构成。这种所有格一般放在另一名词之前作定语。例如:the boy’s room 2.表示无生命事物的所有格,通常用“of+名词”结构。但应当注意词序与汉语习惯不同。例如:a map of China

3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市或团体等无生命事物的所有格,也可直接加“’s”构成。例如:five minutes’ walk (五分钟的路程)

[温馨提示] 1.以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加“’s”,而应该加“’”。例如:the boys’ teacher

2.表示并列名词共同的所有关系时,须在最后一个名词的词尾加“’s”;若表示并列名词各自的所有关系,则须在各个名词后面加“’s”。例如:Jim’s and Kate’s rooms (两人各自拥有),Jim and Kate’s father (两人共有)

[针对练习]I don’t think looking after children is just________ work.

A. woman

B. woman’s

C. women

D. women’s (河北卷)

[考题解答]1.D。women的所有格是women’s,在句中作work的定语。

【名词所有格用法口诀】

英语名词所有格,表示物品所有权。

名词后加’s,这种情况最常见。

两者共有添最后,各有各添记心间。

复数名词有s, 后面只把’来添。

名词若为无生命,我们常把of用。

A of B是B的A,体现英汉序不同。

考点三:名词词义辨析

[考点透析] 做考查名词词义辨析类的试题时,常常要根据题意、具体语境或地理常识来综合分析。

[品味中考] 1. -What kind of fruit is your favorite? -________.

A. Rice

B. Milk

C. Apples

D. Mutton (济宁卷)

2. -Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?

-Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are_________.

A. friends

B. neighbors

C. classmates

D. strangers (安徽卷)

[考题解答]1. C。本题考查名词在具体语境中的运用。通过分析题干可以推断出正确答案是C项。apple属于水果。

2. D。friends意为“朋友”,neighbors意为“邻居”,classmates意为“同班同学”。这些关系都不能说I know nothing about him.只有是“陌生人”才可能不了解他的任何情况,故选D。

[知识链接与针对练习]

1.cloth, clothes, clothing与dress

(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。

(2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括内衣、外衣,不能与数词连用。

(3)clothing是服装的总称,包括内衣、外衣,还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类,只用单数,无复数。

(4)dress作不可数名词时,指外衣,尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时,常指连衣裙。

[针对练习]:①a dish ______ 答案:(cloth)

②I want to buy sports ___________. 答案:(clothes)

③Now people are all in their winter ____________. 答案:(clothing)

④She wore a blue __________ last night. 答案:(dress)

2.dinner与meal的区别

(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。

(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。

[针对练习]:①Let’s go and have _________ together. 答案:(dinner)

②What time do you usually have your ____________?答案:(meals)

3. sound, voice, noise

(1)sound“声音”,指耳朵能听到的各种声音,多作可数名词。

(2)voice“声音”,主要指人的声音。

(3)noise指“噪音”。可以作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,词组有make a noise 等。

[针对练习]:①I was waiting for the _________ of the other shoe!(答案:sound)

②The teacher said in a loud_________,“Please keep silent!”(答案:voice)

③But every night he heard the _______ upstairs.(答案:noise)

4. job与work

都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job,work是常用词,其区别:job是可数名词,work 是不可数名词。

[针对练习]:①She got a __________ of washing clothes.(答案:job)

②It takes a lot of _________ to build a building.(答案:work)

5. person,people与man的区别

这三个词有共同之处,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之处。

(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人),有单数形式,也有复数形式。

(2)people是复数形式,指“人民;人们”,不能指一个人。

(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式,不加冠词)。

[针对练习]:

①Two ___________ are waiting for you.(答案:persons)

②He lived for the ______________ and died for the people.(答案:people)

③All __________ must die.(答案:men)

6. problem与question

都可译为“问题”,但它们所含的意思并不相同。

(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题;提问”。

(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题;难题”。

[针对练习]:①May I ask some ____________?(答案:questions)

②That’s no ____________.I can lend you my money.(答案:problem)

7.table与desk

都可译为“桌子”,其区别:table通常用于吃饭,游乐等。desk用于读书或办公,并且大多附有抽屉,常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。

[针对练习]:①We were at _________ when he arrived.(答案:table)

②There are many __________ in the classroom.(答案:desks)

8. floor与ground

两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor 一般指室内的地上、地板、地面,而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。

[针对练习]①He was sitting on the ________ when I came in.(答案:floor)

②The ______________ is wet now. It must have rained last night.(ground)

9. door与gate

都可译为“门”。其区别:

(1)door 一般指房子、房间、家具等的门,还可用于比喻意义。

(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。

[针对练习]:①Close the ________ when you go out.(答案:door)

②He walked through the ________ into the garden.(答案:gate)

10. road , way, street

(1)road指“公路;马路”,指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on the road。“穿过马路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。

(2)way意为“路线;路途;方法”等,统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式);on the way to(在去……的路上);get in the way of(挡道)等。(3)street表示“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street。“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。

[针对练习]:

①Excuse me, can you tell me the___________ to the post office?(way)

②When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the____________.(street)

③The___________ in this village is wider than before.(road)

11. family, home

(1)family表示“家;家庭”,也可指全体家庭成员。

(2)home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩。

[针对练习]:

①Tom has a big___________. There are six people in his ____________.(family,family)

②She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years. Shenzhen has become her second _________. (home)

12. idea, advice

(1)idea表示“主意”,是可数名词。例如:a good idea一个好主意

(2)advice表示“建议”,“忠告”,是不可数名词。例如:a piece of advice 一个忠告(一个建议)

[针对练习]:

①Can you give me some_________ on how to learn English well?(advice)

②He has got a good__________ to deal with his old books.(idea)

【板书设计】

初中英语语法教案大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 (一)概述 名词就是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词就是万物之名称。它们可以就是: 人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor 物品名称pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar (二)普通名词与专有名词 1.普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型: 1)个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如: He has two aunts、她有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers、多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西,例如: We’ve lived here for twenty years、我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以与a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man、 2)集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面就是一些常见的集体名词: family(家,家庭) army(军队) company(公司;全体船员) enemy(敌人) government(政府) group(小组,团体) public(公众) team(队;组) police(警方) 集体名词有时作单数瞧待,有时作复数瞧待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数瞧待,想到它的成员时作复 有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如: Our company is sending him to work in Berlin、我们公司将派她去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数瞧待。例如: The police are looking for him、警察正在找她。 3)物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有: beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来,物质名词就是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况: a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”: Tree beers, please、请来三杯啤酒。 A chocolate ice-cream for me、给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。 b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”:

1 九年级英语名词专项复习

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