武汉大学妇产科学2014年考博真题考博试卷

历年各校考博妇产科真题

2011年华科同济医院妇产科专业考博试题一名词解释1.cephalopelvic disproportion, CPD2.luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, LUFS3.twin to twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS4.atupical squamous cell of undetermined significance, ASCUS5.vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN6.胎心力基线7.侵蚀性葡萄胎8.种植前遗传学诊断9.卵巢早衰 10.假绝经疗法二问答题 1.影响产程的因素有哪些？ 2.子宫肌瘤的变性及其治疗。

选答题：妇科：1.围绝经期症状及治疗。

2.子宫内膜异位症的诊断及鉴别。

妇瘤：1.宫颈癌的筛查。

2.子宫内膜癌的治疗方案。

生殖医学与计划生育：1.不孕的病因。

2.激素避孕的机制和禁忌症。

围产期医学：1.产后出血 2.名词解释：胎粪吸入综合症、风疹综合征、鳞状细胞癌抗原、细胞合体膜、足月前胎膜早破、先天性肾上腺功能发育不全、简答：1.常见的阴道流血原因；2.女性体内雄激素的来源、雄激素的临床意义；3.子宫内膜异位症的预防、论述：1.低促性素行闭经和高促性素行闭经见于哪些疾病如何鉴别；2.子宫内膜癌的治疗、进展；3.子宫颈癌的同步放化疗的理论基础和临床意义；4.药物对胚胎、胎儿、新生儿的作用2007年华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试妇产科学专业试题一、名词解释（首先英汉互译，然后解释。

）1.primodial follicle2.hyperemesis gravidarum3.premature rupture of membrane4.cervical erosion5.nonhormonal contraception6.胎儿窘迫7.经前期综合征8.卵巢瘤样病变9.宫颈上皮内瘤样病变 10.体外受精与胚胎移植二、问答题1、如何诊断输卵管妊娠及其处理原则2、产后出血的病因及预防计生与不孕:3、激素避孕的禁忌症 4、输卵管性不孕的原因及处理围产:3.常见胎儿畸形的类型？如何降低畸形儿的出生率？4.前置胎盘的分类及处理？妇瘤:3.宫颈癌发病相关因素及预防 4.卵巢交界性肿瘤的临床和病理特点华中科技大学同济医学院2005年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题一．名词解释（先中英互译，再用中文解释。

《妇产科护理》期末试卷有答案

《妇产科护理》期末试卷一. 名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1.功能失调性子宫出血2.子宫内膜异位症3.围绝经期综合症4.子宫脱垂5.胎盘早剥二. 填空题（每空1分，共15分）1.妊娠滋养细胞疾病主要包括、、。

2.患有心脏病的孕妇最危险的时期是妊娠周、及的最初3天。

3.骨盆由、及组成。

4.决定分娩的三要素是、、。

5.宫颈糜烂根据糜烂面积分为、、三种。

三．选择题（每题2分，共40分）1．普查子宫颈癌时，最有实用价值的检查方法是（）A．子宫颈刮片细胞学检查B．子宫颈活体组织检查C．碘试验D．阴道镜E 染色体检查2．你认为普查子宫颈癌最好的普查方案是（）A．碘试验阴性区——子宫颈活体组织检查B．子宫颈刮片细胞学检查——子宫颈活体组织检查C 阴道镜检查一—子宫颈活体组织检查D．子宫颈刮片细胞学检查一—阴道镜检查一—子宫颈活体组织检查E 子宫颈刮片细胞学检查——阴道镜检查——子宫颈锥形切除术3．关于宫颈癌，下列正确的是（）A．未婚妇女及已婚未产妇多发B．患病年龄大于子宫内膜癌C 我国的发病率高于子宫内膜癌D．宫颈癌以腺癌为主E．早期病例经妇科检查窥视宫颈及早发现4．下列对诊断子宫颈癌无意义的项目是（）A．阴道镜B．腹腔镜C．宫颈刮片细胞学检查D．宫颈活体组织检查E．锥形切除宫颈后活检5．不属于卵巢非赘生性囊肿的是（）A．皮样囊肿B．黄素囊肿C．卵泡囊肿D．黄体囊肿E．卵巢巧克力囊肿6．卵巢肿瘤最常见的并发症是（）A．肿瘤恶性变B．肿瘤破裂C．感染D．蒂扭转E．与周围组织粘连7．下列关于卵巢肿瘤，错误的概念是（）A．有时需与子宫肌瘤鉴别B．高龄者恶性居多C．有时伴有腹水D．与消化道恶性肿瘤无关E．实质性者恶性居多8、女姓生殖器恶性肿瘤对妇女威胁最大的是（）A．外阴癌B．阴道癌C．子宫颈癌D．子宫内膜癌E．卵巢癌9．女性生殖器恶性肿瘤发生率最高的是（）A．外阴癌B．阴道癌C．子宫颈癌D．子宫内膜癌E.原发性输卵管癌10．李女士，28岁，孕2产1，近1周来阴道分泌物增多，黄色无臭味。

积年各校考博妇产科真题

2011年华科同济医院妇产科专业考博试题一名词解释1.cephalopelvic disproportion, CPD2.luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, LUFS3.twin to twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS4.atupical squamous cell of undetermined significance, ASCUS5.vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN6.胎心力基线7.侵蚀性葡萄胎8.种植前遗传学诊断9.卵巢早衰 10.假绝经疗法二问答题 1.影响产程的因素有哪些？ 2.子宫肌瘤的变性及其治疗。

选答题：妇科：1.围绝经期症状及治疗。

2.子宫内膜异位症的诊断及鉴别。

妇瘤：1.宫颈癌的筛查。

2.子宫内膜癌的治疗方案。

生殖医学与计划生育：1.不孕的病因。

2.激素避孕的机制和禁忌症。

围产期医学：1.产后出血 2.名词解释：胎粪吸入综合症、风疹综合征、鳞状细胞癌抗原、细胞合体膜、足月前胎膜早破、先天性肾上腺功能发育不全、简答：1.常见的阴道流血原因；2.女性体内雄激素的来源、雄激素的临床意义；3.子宫内膜异位症的预防、论述：1.低促性素行闭经和高促性素行闭经见于哪些疾病如何鉴别；2.子宫内膜癌的治疗、进展；3.子宫颈癌的同步放化疗的理论基础和临床意义；4.药物对胚胎、胎儿、新生儿的作用2007年华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试妇产科学专业试题一、名词解释（首先英汉互译，然后解释。

）1.primodial follicle2.hyperemesis gravidarum3.premature rupture of membrane4.cervical erosion5.nonhormonal contraception6.胎儿窘迫7.经前期综合征8.卵巢瘤样病变9.宫颈上皮内瘤样病变 10.体外受精与胚胎移植二、问答题1、如何诊断输卵管妊娠及其处理原则2、产后出血的病因及预防计生与不孕:3、激素避孕的禁忌症 4、输卵管性不孕的原因及处理围产:3.常见胎儿畸形的类型？如何降低畸形儿的出生率？4.前置胎盘的分类及处理？妇瘤:3.宫颈癌发病相关因素及预防 4.卵巢交界性肿瘤的临床和病理特点华中科技大学同济医学院2005年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题一．名词解释（先中英互译，再用中文解释。

妇产科考试题和答案.doc

妇产科考试题和答案1名词解释（每题2分,计10分)1、子宫复旧：胎儿及其附属物娩出后的子宫，在产褥期逐渐恢复至未孕状态的过程中称为子宫复旧。

2、恶露：产后随子宫蜕膜脱落，含有血液、坏死蜕膜组织经阴道排出称恶露。

3、妊高征：发生在妊娠20周后，临床表现为高血压、蛋白尿、水肿，严重时出现抽搐、昏迷，妊娠结束后迅即恢复正常的疾病。

4、早产：早产是指妊娠满28周至不满37足周之间（196-258日）分娩者5、产后出血：胎儿出后24小时内限道流血量超过500ml称产后出血。

二、填空题（每空1分，总计10分）1、女性内生殖器包括阴道、子宫、输卵管及卵巢。

输卵管及卵巢被称为（子宫附件）。

2、宫体与宫颈之间最狭窄部分称子宫峡部，在非孕时长约1cm，其下端与宫颈管内腔相连。

子宫峡部上端因在解剖上较狭窄称解剖学内口，其下端因粘膜组织于此处由宫腔内膜转变为宫颈粘膜称（组织学内口）。

3、子宫韧带有4对，即圆韧带、阔韧带、主韧带和宫骶韧带。

圆韧带和（宫骶韧带）能使子宫保持前倾位置。

4、女性生殖器官的邻近器官主要有：位于阴道前面的尿道，位于子宫前面的膀胱，位于宫颈旁的输尿管和位于阴道及子宫后面的直肠。

（阑尾）下端有时与右侧输卵管与卵巢贴近。

5、（月经）是女性生殖功能成熟的一种外在标志，是随卵巢的周期性变化，子宫内膜周期性脱落及出血。

6、卵巢合成与分泌3种性激素：雌激素、孕激素和（少量雄激素）。

7、胎先露是指最先进入骨盆入口的胎儿部分。

纵产式有头先露和臀先露，横产式为（肩先露）。

8、异位妊娠是指受精卵在子宫体腔以外处着床。

异位妊娠包括输卵管妊娠、卵巢妊娠、腹腔妊娠、（阔韧带妊娠）及宫颈妊娠等。

9、妊娠满28周及以后的胎儿及其附属物，从临产发动至从母体全部娩出的过程称（分娩）。

10、影响分娩的因素有四个，即产力、产道、胎儿和（精神心理）因素。

三、判断题（每题2分，计10分）1、孕激素能使子宫肌纤维松弛，兴奋性降低；降低妊娠子宫对缩宫素的敏感性；有利于受精卵在宫腔内生长发育。

华中科技大学妇产科学2016年考博真题考博试卷

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攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
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华中科技大学
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释 1.子宫胎盘卒中 2.前置胎盘 3.水泡样胎块 4.无应激试验 5.子宫内膜异位症 6.多囊卵巢综合症 7.顶体反应 8.体外受精-胚） 1.阴道流血常见疾病。 2.硫酸镁治疗妊高症的原理及注意事项。 3.卵巢肿瘤并发症及良恶性肿瘤鉴别。 4.长期口服避孕药的副作用及处理办法。 5.生殖系统自然屏障。

2014年全国医学考博英语精彩试题

2014年全国医学考博英语精彩试题2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, youwill hear a question about what is said, The question willbe read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the bestanswers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2.A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all hertroubles.3.A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4.A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5.A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6.A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7.A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8.A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9.A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions.After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. T o see if hehas depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if hehas a food allergy problem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the IndianOcean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes thesentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying,produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD.consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexicoleft my mind in such a ________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high bloodpressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD.subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ toadults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD.relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lowerend of the table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD.vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______,even though the concept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD.endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation fora long timemay weaken the immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous,_______ people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chihas a strong ________ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD.implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ earlythan even a fraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD.favorablySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keepthemeaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’success is a process of long-termaccumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an ai r of elegance to the drinksreception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD.emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growingchildren in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to differentdistances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressureof religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliteratethe original composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored theconstruction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD.decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards ofmarital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityD.stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not givinghim a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD.brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a wholemorning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Theircognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory makingmedical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. Thatneeds to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturingzones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair tradein the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to thepassage, ________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy thetools of their trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from thedeveloping world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of compani es’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There arevoluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green”labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criter ia come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/ Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Befo re we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases ________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats – much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at thisadds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California,Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools; a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in t he highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought theywere checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer –looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of thi s conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing goingon in themind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it ornot, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the。

2014年妇产科学考试试题及答案解析(一)

妇产科学考试试题及答案解析(一)
一、A1型题（本大题1小题．每题1.0分，共1.0分。

每一道考试题下面有A、
B、C、D、E五个备选答案。

请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。

）
第1题
26岁初产妇，妊娠41周，宫口开全1.5h，胎心114次/分，胎膜已破，羊水Ⅱ度混浊，胎头+3。

枕右前位。

此时恰当的处理
A 静脉补液加5%碳酸氢钠
B 吸氧，等待自然分娩
C 立即行剖宫产术
D 静脉滴注缩宫素加速产程进展
E 产钳术助娩
【正确答案】：E
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
此例胎头双顶径达坐骨棘平面以下3cm，宫口开全，加之胎儿窘迫征象明显，必须经阴道助产结束分娩，以产钳术助娩为宜。

跟多试卷请访问《做题室》。

历年各校考博妇产科真题

IVF-ET K T GO 4. 蔣性程度fl勺谨牠现S. 继发性闭细怖咎1 , 1W 咎宫内-特百4S 域直眉蕖豆2- 子宫J1H勵EU坎.酬些t当况.』左供鶴锤墜诃f准円一简述缄癌化疔粹葩扌旨征呈什么论述=1. 柄例f略、丸#5M各毂如何册胃［目生嗣”吕fl）L3W 2, 产航T逢賂T 3, Eh ria -1, Ifti借壬5. HELJ.-P£$-^-41E簷=麻籲傑粗疗F产的除理及注赣卒项简述羊水栓空的先希連竺理福咎如娠加临每朋病Ml发汕钏.計刑■. 貓例 c >2-试诬子舲iMH田的苗疔轅点2011年华科同济医院妇产科专业考博试题一名词解释1. cephalopelvic disproportion, CPD2.lu teinized unruptured follicle syndrome, LUFS3. twin to twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS4. atupical squamous cell of undetermined significance, ASCUS5. vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN6. 胎心力基线7.侵蚀性葡萄胎8.种植前遗传学诊断9.卵巢早衰10.假绝经疗法二问答题1.影响产程的因素有哪些？ 2.子宫肌瘤的变性及其治疗。

选答题：妇科：1.围绝经期症状及治疗。

2.子宫内膜异位症的诊断及鉴别。

妇瘤：1.宫颈癌的筛查。

2. 子宫内膜癌的治疗方案。

生殖医学与计划生育：1.不孕的病因。

2. 激素避孕的机制和禁忌症。

围产期医学：1.产后出血 2.名词解释：胎粪吸入综合症、风疹综合征、鳞状细胞癌抗原、细胞合体膜、足月前胎膜早破、先天性肾上腺功能发育不全、简答：1.常见的阴道流血原因；2. 女性体内雄激素的来源、雄激素的临床意义；3. 子宫内膜异位症的预防、论述：1.低促性素行闭经和高促性素行闭经见于哪些疾病如何鉴别；2. 子宫内膜癌的治疗、进展；3.子宫颈癌的同步放化疗的理论基础和临床意义；4. 药物对胚胎、胎儿、新生儿的作用2007年华中科技大学博士研究生入学考试妇产科学专业试题一、名词解释（首先英汉互译，然后解释。

华中科技大学妇产科学2009年考博真题考博试卷

二、问答题 1. 预防子宫内膜异位症可采取哪些措施 2. 常用预测妊高征的方法有哪些 3. 重度子痫前期和子痫终止妊娠的时机 4. 女性不孕因素
第1页共1页
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
第1页共1页
华中科技大学200Biblioteka 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：妇产科学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释 1. restained placenta 2. 体外受精与胚泡移植 3. 卵巢瘤样病变 4. 更年期 5. 羊水栓塞 6. 葡萄胎 7. 胎盘早剥 8. 胎儿窘迫 9. 原发性闭经 10. 异位妊娠

2014武汉大学基础医学院考博真题

2014武汉大学考博英语作文
1. 环境不能变，但是，人的心境可以变，不要试图改变环境，而要改变自己来适应环境。

2014武汉大学基础医学院生物化学考博真题
一、填空题总共15题，每个空1分
1. 和是确定蛋白质三维结构最准确的方法
2. 和维持DNA的空间结构
3. 信号肽是蛋白质识别溶酶体的信号
4. DNA-pol有保真性是因为和
5. 生物转化的两项反应是和
6. 磷酸戊唐旁路的意义是合成和
7. 胆固醇酯化，在血浆中靠酶，在细胞内靠酶
8. 酮体分哪三种
9. 核酸合成分为从头合成与补救合成
二、简答题每题10分，总共70分
1. 大分子印迹的方法和原理
2. B族维生素的种类和作用
3. 原核及真核细胞在转录时的分子识别
4. 重组DNA技术的原理
5. 三种抑制剂对酶促反应中关键参数的影响
6. RNA的结构和功能
7. 四种血浆脂蛋白的代谢过程
2014年武汉大学基础医学院细胞生物学真题
一、名词解释
1. 细胞系
2. 蛋白质的三级结构
3. 脂双分子层
4. 受调分泌
5. 核定位信号
6. 核糖体
7. 细胞骨架8 分子伴侣9. 内质网10. 细胞信号转导
二、简答题
1. 钠泵的转运机制
2. 微管的功能
3. 为什么说线粒体是细胞氧化中心和动力站
4. 分泌蛋白的合成和分泌过程
5. 溶酶体的功能
6. 细胞凋亡时，染色质DNA降解的特点
7. 真核DNA损伤的修复机制。

博士妇产科试题及答案

博士妇产科试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪项不是妊娠期糖尿病的诊断标准？A. 空腹血糖≥5.3mmol/LB. 1小时血糖≥10.0mmol/LC. 2小时血糖≥8.6mmol/LD. 随机血糖≥7.8mmol/L答案：D2. 以下哪项是产后出血的常见原因？A. 子宫收缩不良B. 胎盘残留C. 凝血功能障碍D. 以上都是答案：D3. 以下哪项检查不是妊娠期常规检查项目？A. 血常规B. 尿常规C. 肝功能D. 骨髓穿刺答案：D4. 以下哪项不是妊娠高血压综合征的表现？A. 高血压B. 蛋白尿C. 头痛D. 低热答案：D5. 以下哪项是胎儿窘迫的临床表现？A. 胎心率基线变异增加B. 胎心率晚期减速C. 胎动减少D. 羊水过多答案：C6. 以下哪项是预防产后出血的措施？A. 预防性使用宫缩剂B. 产后立即按摩子宫C. 延迟脐带结扎D. 以上都是答案：D7. 以下哪项不是妊娠合并症？A. 妊娠合并心脏病B. 妊娠合并糖尿病B. 妊娠合并高血压D. 妊娠合并贫血答案：D8. 以下哪项是羊水过少的定义？A. 羊水指数<5cmB. 羊水最大深度<2cmC. 羊水最大深度<3cmD. 羊水指数<8cm答案：C9. 以下哪项是妊娠期合理用药的原则？A. 避免使用任何药物B. 根据病情需要，选择对胎儿无害的药物C. 优先使用新药D. 优先使用中药答案：B10. 以下哪项是剖宫产的指征？A. 胎位异常B. 胎儿宫内窘迫C. 孕妇严重心脏病D. 以上都是答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 以下哪些因素可能增加妊娠期糖尿病的风险？A. 高龄B. 肥胖C. 家族糖尿病史D. 妊娠前糖尿病答案：A, B, C, D12. 以下哪些是产后出血的处理措施？A. 立即给予宫缩剂B. 检查胎盘是否完整C. 必要时进行手术止血D. 观察出血量，不做任何处理答案：A, B, C13. 以下哪些是胎儿窘迫的原因？A. 胎盘早剥B. 脐带绕颈C. 母体低血压D. 母体高热答案：A, B, C, D14. 以下哪些是妊娠高血压综合征的高危因素？A. 初产妇B. 家族高血压史C. 慢性肾炎D. 营养不良答案：A, B, C, D15. 以下哪些是羊水过多的临床表现？A. 宫高腹围大于同期妊娠B. 胎位不清C. 胎心遥远D. 孕妇体重增加过快答案：A, B, C, D三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）16. 简述妊娠期糖尿病对孕妇和胎儿的影响。

武汉大学生理学2014年考博真题考博试卷

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攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
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பைடு நூலகம்汉大学
2014 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：生理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。问答及论述 1. 细胞信号转导的几种途径 2. 雌激素的功能 3. 简述胃大部分切除对消化的影响 4. 剧烈运动对肾泌尿的影响及其机制 5. 切断迷走神经后对呼吸、泌尿、消化和心血管系统的影响 6. 少量失血和大失血血压的变化，及机体的调节机制

《妇产科学》试卷

武汉大学 2009-2010 学年度第一学期2006级临床医学（五年制）《妇产科学》试卷A卷一单选题：请从备选答案中选出1个最佳答案并填在后面的括号里（每小题1分，共计30分）1．下述哪项不属于雌激素的生理作用：（）A.增加子宫肌对催产素缩敏感性B.使增生期子宫内膜转化为分泌期子宫内膜C.促使阴道上皮增生和角化D.促进输卵管肌层发育及上皮的分泌活动E.使宫颈口松弛、扩张2．右侧卵巢动脉是从哪条动脉分支的：（）A．髂内动脉 B．髂外动脉 C．肾动脉 D．腹主动脉 E．髂总动脉3. 在行子宫全切术时，为避免损伤输尿管，钳夹何韧带时应特别小心？（）A.圆韧带 B骨盆漏斗韧带 C 主韧带 D 阔韧带 E 卵巢固有韧带4. 提示卵巢有排卵的是（）A.基础体温单相型B.阴道脱落细胞反应为轻度雌激素影响C.宫颈粘液有羊齿状结晶D.子宫内膜呈增殖期变化E.子宫内膜呈分泌期变化5. 关于正常骨产道，下述哪项是不正确的：（）A.最短的前后径是中骨盆窄平面的前后径B.骨盆入口前后径是自骶岬上缘中点至耻骨联合下缘的连线C.骨盆出口平面呈纵椭圆形D.中骨盆窄平面横径，以左右坐骨棘间的距离来表示E.骨盆轴的上段向下向后，中段向下，下段向下向前6. 停经18周，最好的确诊妊娠的方法为（）A 耻骨联合上触及包块 B.X线摄片C.妊娠试验D.超声多普勒检查E.有自觉胎动7. 下列哪项不用于胎盘功能检查（）A.胎动计数B.雌三醇（E3）测定C.雌激素/肌酐比值（E/C比）D.血清胎盘生乳素E.AFP测定8. 女，28岁，平时月经规律，现停经2月，有恶心呕吐，昨日少量阴道流血，轻微腹痛，检查：宫颈着色，宫颈口闭，宫体前倾，2个月妊娠大小，质软，活动，压痛，附件（－），尿HCG（＋），B超见宫腔内有孕囊，2cm×2cm×2cm大小，可见胎心搏动，临床诊断是：（）A．难免流产 B．先兆流产 C．宫外孕D．不全流产 E．妊娠滋养细胞疾病9. 妊娠高血压疾病最基本的病理生理变化是：（）A．血管内皮细胞受损 B．全身小动脉痉挛C．过度水钠潴留 D．血液浓缩 E．高凝状态，慢性DIC状态10. 女性28岁，停经2个月，下腹阵发性疼痛，伴大量出血，患者贫血貌，查体BP 75/40mmHg，P 120/分，妇科检查：宫颈口松，可见组织物堵塞宫口，宫体约孕50天大小，双附件（-），应如何处理（）A.边纠正休克，边刮宫B.输血，静脉滴入催产素C.纠正休克后，再行刮宫D.即刻刮宫E.肌注催产素后刮宫11. 女，27岁，第一胎妊娠，孕28＋4周，阴道发生流血二次，量不多，未治疗自止。