2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：89

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项
A.tempt
B.manipulate
C.incense
D.escort
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。

句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。

选项A符合句意。

2.
翻译题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.
In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.
At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.
【答案】【参考译文】
（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。

（2）也有必要停下来思考一下：如果公民的政治知识的主要来源是图片丰富而资料贫乏的电视晚间新闻，那么他们的知识面可能会有多窄？
（3）媒体专业人士承受着压力，要以娱乐方式报道新闻，以扩大受众面，增加相应的广告收入。

（4）报道话题时，重点通常是话题的直接和最有戏剧性的意义，而不是从历史、长远或全球角度来看待那些话题。

（5）一些分析人士认为，这使得记者更倾向于从官方渠道获取信息，而不是从自己对具有新闻价值的事件进行的独立调查来获得信息。

3.
单选题
The results of the various lab analyses now ________ are eagerly awaited and will be reported
in a slew of scientific papers.
问题1选项
A.under negotiation
B.under construction
C.under way
D.under attack
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A. under negotiation 在谈判中
B. under construction 在建设中
C. under way 在进行中
D. under attack 受到攻击
【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处作后置定语修饰上文的“The results of the various lab analyses（各项实验分析结果）”，表示这是一些什么样的实验结果。

由“awaited（等待）”和“will be reported（将做出报告）”可知，这些实验还在分析中，没有得出最终的结果。

under way是固定搭配，指正在进行或发生的，因此C选项under way“进行中的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
A选项under negotiation“在谈判中”；
B选项under construction“在建设中”；
D选项under attack“受到攻击”；
均不能和“lab analyses（实验分析）”进行搭配。

【句意】我们急切地等待着进行中的各项实验分析结果，并将在一系列学术论文中对其做出报告。

4.
单选题
The first thing we did was look for errors in our experimental design and for every conceivable （）that could have led us astray.
问题1选项
A.exposition
B.scenario
C.illustration
D.scheme
【答案】B
【解析】考察名词辨析。

exposition 博览会，展览会；scenario 方案，可能的情景；illustration 例证，图解； scheme计划。

句意：我们首先要做的事就是查找实验设计中的错误和可能误导我们走人歧途的每一个能想到的可能情景。

选项B符合句意。

5.
单选题
In this age of globalization, we need to abandon our historical idea of（）as a single religious or national alliance.
问题1选项
A.identity
B.registration
C.dignity
D.qualification
【答案】A
【解析】考察名词辨析。

identity 身份；registration登记，注册；dignity尊严；qualification资格。

句意：在全球化时代下，我们需要摈弃视身份为单一的宗教或民族认同的历史观点。

选项A符合句意。

6.
单选题
As far as the rank and position is concerned, an associate professor is（）a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable.
问题1选项
A.ranked below
B.adjacent to
C.inherent to
D.subject to
【答案】A
【解析】考察形容词短语辨析。

ranked below低于……，在……之下；adjacent to与……相邻；inherent to固有的；subject to使服从，使遭受，受制于……。

句意：就职称地位高低而言，副教授低于教授，尽管他们几乎具备同等的学问知识。

选项A符合句意。

7.
单选题
Although the Bill in its present form is a significant improvement on its first form, it remains （） flawed.
问题1选项
A.seriously
B.soundlessly
C.solemnly
D.strictly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

seriously “认真地；严重地”；soundlessly “无声地，静悄悄地”；solemnly “庄严地，严肃地”；strictly “严格地，完全地”。

句意：尽管这项法案目前的版本比第一版有很大提高，但是仍然有着______不足。

能够修饰”不足”这个词的只有seriously这个词，因此选项A符合题意。

8.
单选题
Never reveal ________ company information, like products in the works or financial performance. 问题1选项
A.confidential
B.exclusive
C.questionable
D.quantitative
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A. confidential 机密的，保密的
B. exclusive 专有的，排他的
C. questionable 可疑的，有问题的
D. quantitative 量化的，定量的
【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处作定语修饰下文的“company information（公司信息）”，说明不要泄露什么样的公司信息。

由like可知，后半句的“products in the works or financial performance（正在生产的产品或财务状况）”是对此类信息的举例，这些信息属于公司的机密，所以不能泄露。

confidential指保密的、不告诉或不与他人分享的，因此A选项confidential“机密的，保密的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
B选项exclusive“专有的，排他的”指仅供一个特定的人或群体使用或其他事物不能与其同时存在，不符合题干的语义逻辑；
C选项questionable“可疑的，有问题的”指怀疑某事物不准确或不正确，不符合题干的语义逻辑；
D选项quantitative“量化的，定量的”指与某物的数量有关的，不能和“products in the works or financial performance（正在生产的产品或财务状况）”相对应。

【句意】永远不要泄露公司的机密信息，比如正在生产的产品或财务状况。

9.
单选题
I am prepared to make some（） on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals.
问题1选项
A.confession
B.concession
C.concord
D.consent
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

confession “忏悔；告解”；concession “让步；特许（权）”；concord “和谐；和睦；一致”；consent “准许；同意”。

句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些______，但是在原则上我不会妥协。

根据句意可知选项B符合题意。

10.
单选题
The junior（）was impatient for promotion but knew that he would only get it by stepping into a dead man’s shoes.
问题1选项
A.executive
B.explosive
C.captive
D.addictive
【答案】A
【解析】考察形近词辨析。

executive 总经理；执行官；explosive 爆炸物，炸药；captive俘虏；addictive 使人上瘾的。

句意：这位初级执行官急不可耐地想要提升，但是他很清楚他只能等待填补死人的空缺。

选项A符合句意。

11.
单选题
The most（） feature of the building is its enormous dome-shaped roof.
问题1选项
A.distinctive
B.instinctive
C.definite
D.infinite
【答案】A
【解析】考察形容词辨析。

distinctive “与众不同的”；instinctive “本能的”；defini te “明确的”；infinite“无限的”。

句意：这栋建筑的最与众不同的特点就是它那巨大的圆形屋顶。

选项A符合句意。

12.
单选题
We do need help from others, but we’ll never ________ others for support.
问题1选项
A.indulge in
B.engage in
C.embark on
D.lean on
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A. indulge in 沉湎于，沉溺于
B. engage in 从事，参加
C. embark on 着手，开始
D. lean on 依靠，依赖
【考查点】动词词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“others（别人）”构成动宾逻辑，目的是为了“support（得到支持）”。

由but可知，前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系，前半句说到“我们确实需要别人的帮助（do need help）”，说明虽然需要别人的帮助，但会自己努力，而不是依赖于别人予以支持。

lean on指依靠某人或某物的帮助和支持，因此D选项lean on“依靠，依赖”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
A选项indulge in“沉湎于，沉溺于”指放任自己做喜欢的事情，尤其是有害的事，不能和“support（支持）”进行搭配；
B选项engage in“从事，参加”指参加到某个活动中，不符合题干的语义逻辑；
C选项embark on“着手，开始”指开始做新的或困难的事，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】我们确实需要别人的帮助，但我们绝不依赖别人的支持。

13.
填空题
The British government turns its attention to the dire state of vocational training. Budget cuts are never pleasant. Yet the past few years have been particularly hard, says Gerry McDonald, the chief executive of New City College in east London. (71)
Since 1990, funding for primary and secondary schools has soared. (72) But there has been no such increase in cash for further education, the mostly vocational courses for over-16s.
On March 8th Philip Hammond, the chancellor, turned his attention to the sector. After announcing funding to pave the way for new selective grammar schools, he promised a big injection of cash for further education and confirmed a shake-up of the chaotic way in which it is organized. By 2022, colleges will get an additional £ 500m ($ 600m) a year, a 19% increase in the 16- to 19- year-old vocational-education budget.
Britain has historically put little emphasis on further education. (73) That may help explain why productivity growth has stalled, and why British youngsters are less literate and numerate than their peers in other rich countries.
Employers moan that skilled workers are scarce, especially in industries like engineering and IT. The sector has struggled with shoddy qualifications. The six in ten 18-year-olds who do not take A-levels, academic school-leaving qualifications, are poorly served by a hotchpotch of some 13,000 courses of varying quality.
In 2015, the government commissioned Lord Sainsbury to examine the state of technical education in England. (74) Many of the courses are too basic to be of much use. Mr. Hammond now aims to clear up this muddle.
Following Lord Sainsbury’s recommendations, the government will introduce 15 subject areas, grouping together topics such as social care or transport and logistics. Students will work towards “T-levels” (for “technical”), developed with firms. (75) The extra funding will provide more work placements. And those who go on to take degree-equivalent qualifications will have access to loans to cover the cost of living.
A. Universities have been given the right to raise their incomes by levying tuition fees on students.
B. His institution is the result of a merger of three local colleges that have pooled resources in the past year partly to cut costs.
C. His report, published in 2016, despaired that a wannabe plumber had to choose between 33 qualifications, offered at three different levels, by five awarding organizations.
D. Organizations will compete for the right to award the qualification.
E. In 2012 it placed 16th out of 20 member countries of the OECD in a ranking of the proportion of 20- to 45-year-olds who finished education with a vocational qualification.
F. Some would rather the reforms offered a broader education to those going down a vocational path, with more of a focus on ensuring competency in maths and English.
【答案】71.B
72.A
73.E
74.C
75.D
【解析】【选项释义】
A. Universities have been given the right to raise their incomes by levying tuition fees on students. A. 大学被赋予通过向学生征收学费来提高收入的权利。

B. His institution is the result of a merger of three local colleges that have pooled resources in the past year partly to cut costs. B. 他的机构是由三所当地学院合并而成的，这些学院在过去的一年里集中了资源，部分原因是为了削减成本。

C. His report, published in 2016, despaired that a wannabe plumber had to choose between 33 qualifications, offered at three different levels, by five awarding organizations. C. 他在2016年发表的报告中，对一个想当水管工的人必须在五个授予机构提供的三个不同级别的三十三个资格证书中做出选择感到绝望。

D. Organizations will compete for the right to award the qualification. D. 各组织将为授予学历的权利而竞争。

E. In 2012 it placed 16th out of 20 member countries of the OECD in a ranking of the proportion of 20- to 45-year-olds who finished education with a vocational qualification.
E. 2012年，在经合组织二十个成员国中，在完成教育并获得职业资格的二十至四十五岁的人的比例排名中，它名列第十六位。

F. Some would rather the reforms offered a broader education to those going down a vocational path, with more of a focus on ensuring competency in maths and English. F. 一些人希望改革能够为那些走上职业道路的人提供更广泛的教育，更加注重确保数学和英语的能力。

71.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】第一段说到“预算削减（Budget cuts）从来不是令人愉快的。

”，介绍了英国职业培训方面预算削减的情况，B选项中的“cut costs（削减成本）”和上文的“Budget cuts（预算削减）”相对应。

因此B选项“他的机构是由三所当地学院合并而成的，这些学院在过去的一年里集中了资源，部分原因是为了削减成本。

”正确。

72.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】本段说到“对中小学（primary and secondary schools）的资助大幅增加。

但是用于继续教育（further education）的资金却没有增加。

”，介绍了政府对不同类型学校的资金资助情况，A选项中的“Universities（大学）”也属于一种学校类型。

因此A选项“大学被赋予通过向学生征收学费来
提高收入的权利。

”正确。

73.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“英国历来很少重视（put little emphasis on）继续教育。

”，E选项中的“在二十个成员国中名列第十六位”就是这一情况带来的结果。

因此E选项“2012年，在经合组织二十个成员国中，在完成教育并获得职业资格的二十至四十五岁的人的比例排名中，它名列第十六位。

”正确。

74.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文说到“2015年，政府委托塞恩思伯里勋爵调查英格兰的技术教育状况。

”，C选项中的“His report, published in 2016（他在2016年发表的报告）”和上文的“2015年”相对应。

因此C 选项“他在2016年发表的报告中，对一个想当水管工的人必须在五个授予机构提供的三个不同级别的三十三个资格证书中做出选择感到绝望。

”正确。

75.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】下文说到“而那些继续获得同等学历（qualifications）的人将获得贷款以支付生活成本。

”，由此可知空格处应该再说为学生提供学历，D选项中的“award the qualification（授予学历）”和上文的“go on to take degree-equivalent qualifications（继续获得同等学历）”相对应。

因此D选项“各组织将为授予学历的权利而竞争。

”正确。

14.
单选题
It rained heavily, and （） a flood came destroying everything in the valley.
问题1选项
A.consequently
B.yet
C.subsequently
D.thus
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

consequently “因此，结果”；yet “但是”；subsequently “随后，后来”；thus “因此，从而”。

句意：雨下得很大，______洪水摧毁了山谷中的一切。

空格处后是大雨造成的结果，因此选项A符合题意。

15.
单选题
This is such a formidable list that we might be tempted to assume that research and higher education must at least be species of the same genus of activity, even if not actually（）.
问题1选项
A.ideological
B.identical
C.practical
D.methodical
【答案】B
【解析】考察形容词辨析。

ideological “意识形态的”；identical “相同的”；practical “实际的”；methodical “有条不紊的”。

句意：这一清单令人心生敬畏，以至于有可能让我们觉得研究和高等教育必须至少属于同一类型的活动，即使他们并非真的完全相同。

选项B符合句意。