(完整版)主动语态变被动语态的几种类型
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(完整版)主动语态变被动语态的几种类型
主动语态变被动语态的几种类型
一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
有些动词,如give,tell,buy等,在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语,又称双宾语,即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。
含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。
一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。
如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语,间接宾语之前应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。
如:
1 . My mother gave me a pen.~I was given a pen by my mother.或:A pen was given (to) me by my mother.(介词to 可省略)
2 .He told her a long story.~She was told a long story.或:A long story was told (to) her.(介词to可省略)
3.Father bought me a new coat.~I was bought a new coat.或:
A new coat was bought for me.(介词for不可省略)注意:被动句中强调间接宾语时,其前的介词to 不可省去。
如:
This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的,而不是给你的。
二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构
复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语(简称宾补)”这一结构形式。
含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构的主语,宾语补足语保留不动。
可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。
如:
1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构,宾补为名词Xiao Li )~She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构)
2.They chose Tom monitor.(主动结构,宾补为名词monitor)~Tom was chosen monitor.(被动结构)
3.He told me to wait for you.(主动结构,宾补为不定式短语to wait for you)~I was told to wait for you.(被动语态)
4.I found him lying on the floor.(主动结构,宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)~He was found lying on the floor.(被动结构)
注意:在主动语态的句子中,谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当,则该动词不定式不带to。
感官动词see,hear,watch等,也有这种用法。
但当谓语动词是let时,其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。
例如:
They made him go.(主动结构,宾补为不带to的不定式go)~He was made to go.(被动语态)
They let John go.(主动结构)~John was let go.(被动结构)
三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构
含情态动词的主动结构形式是:情态动词(如can,may,must,could等)+原形动词。
变为被动结构时,其谓语形式是:情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
例如:
1.You must not put the bike here.(主动结构)~The bike must not be put here.(被动结构)
2.You may do that a little later.(主动结构)~That may be done a little later.(被动结构)
3.Can you finish it in two hours?(主动结构)~Can it be finished in two hours?(被动结构)
四、含短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态
有些短语动词,如take good care of (爱护,照料),listen to (听),look at(看),look for(寻找),look after(照看),laugh at (嘲笑),put up(搭起,建造,举起,张贴)等,相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态。
但应注意,短语动词是一个不可分割的词组,在变为被动语态时,不可去掉末尾的介词或副词。
例如:
1.They took good care of the children.(主动语态)~The children were taken good care of.(被动语态)
2.Someone laughed at him.(主动语态)~He was laughed at.(被动语态)
3.They are looking after the children.(主动语态)~The children are being looked after.(被动语态)
4.They have put up a lot of tall buildings in the
city in the last few years.(主动语态)~A lot of tall buildings have been put up in the city in the last few years.(被动语态)。