(2015-2016两年)武汉市部分学校九年级元月调考英语试卷及答案
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2014—2015学年度武汉市部分学校九年级元月调考
英语试题分析
二、选择填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
26.—Thanks so much for helping a lot!
—______.
A.It’s nice of you to say so
B. Oh, you’d better not
C. Not at all
D. With pleasure
27.—I can’t open this door, Jack. I wonder if you could lend me a hand.
—_________.
A. It’s my duty
B. Here you are
C. Take it easy
D. No problem
28.—How much do you know about the school?
—Oh, a nice one. The school is widely _______ for its excellent teaching.
A. spread
B. admired
C. expected
D. recalled
29.In Britain today women _______ 44% of the workplace, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A. build up
B. make up
C. pick up
D. send up
30.—What are you cooking, mum? It _______ delicious.
—Chicken soup. Your grandparents will come for dinner.
A.looks
B. tastes
C. smells
D. feels
31.—Have you done all the washing, dear?
—Not yet. It will take about _______ five minutes.
A.another
B. other
C. more
D. less
32.—Please write down the address and the phone number.
—Sorry, but I have no _________ to write on.
A.paper
B. time
C. ink
D. pen
33.—Would you like this TV set or that one?
—I’m not sure. This one has better sound, _________ the picture is better on the other one.
A. and
B. but
C. although
D. because
34.Money is often _______ to be very important in our life, but in fact there is something more important than it.
A.seen
B. treated
C. considered
D. taken
35.—Can I leave my car outside at night?
—You ________ better not.
A.should
B. would
C. could
D. had
36.—If I report it to the police, they’ll want to know where I found it.
—_______? They might want to know what I was doing there.
A. Why not
B. Can't you tell them
C. What can I do for you
D. What’s wrong with them
37.—Where are you going for your winter holidays?
—Well, we ________ yet.
A. haven’t decided
B. hadn’t decided
C. aren’t decided
D. didn’t decide
38.—Are you scared of the flight?
—No, just a little ______.
A. frightened
B. serious
C. anxious
D. calm
39.—How many of you are going to the party?
—________, they are all going to the concert.
A. None
B. All
C. Some
D. Neither
40.I was just beginning to wonder _________.
A. where are you
B. you are where
C. where you were
D. where you are
三、完型填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从41 – 55各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
When I finished my work and put away my things, I hurried to drive home for my 30th birthday celebration. My husband called, he would give me a 41 this evening. Then I came up to a red light and stopped.
As I was 42 , I saw a young guy standing on my left. He was pale in the face and 43 a cardboard sign with some writing on it. When you’re in the heart of downtown, it’s pretty 44 to see homeless people asking for money. Generally, I would 45 them, but this time when I looked over the sign, I stopped. I didn’t know 46 , but this sign struck me.
I can’t remember what the sign said 47 , but it was something like: “Need money / 48 , have stomach cancer, homeless, anything helps.”
The light had just turned green, and there was a line of supper rush hour traffic 49 me. I went back and forth in my mind a hundred times in that next second.” Should I do something or just 50 ?” The traffic moved forward, and I went with it.
About a block or two away, my heart had sunk simply for this guy. I felt so 51 for him. So, I decided to go back and ask him if I could buy him some food and listen to his 52 .
It took me about five minutes to turn around and back on to the same 53 where I had seen him. It was just five minutes--but he had gone.
“Where did he go so fast?” I wondered. So, there was 54 left to do except going on my driving.
Back at home, I just couldn’t 55 happy when I thought of the pale face. If you get an idea from inside you, act on it. Don’t miss out--for yourself and for that other person.
41.A. kiss B. hand C. donation D. surprise
42.A. shopping B. waving C. waiting D. standing
43.A. pulling B. pushing C. holding D. throwing
44.A. common B. hard C. impossible D. strange
45.A. help B. pass C. stop D. join
46.A. how B. when C. where D. why
47.A. suddenly B. gradually C. exactly D. hardly
48.A. clothing B. food C. medicine D. house
49.A. beside B. before C. above D. behind
50.A. wait B. drive C. walk D. greet
51.A. upset B. thankful C. impolite D. angry
52.A. advice B. songs C. jokes D. story
53.A. street B. house C. light D. store
54.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
55.A. remain B. appear C. seem D. become
四、阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列材料,从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
A
56. We may probably read the above material in ______.
A. a newspaper
B. an English test book
C. a city centre report
D. a summer program
57. It’s clear that the program is for the students ______.
A. who are very excellent
B. who do well in at maths
C. whose reading and writing are good
D. who have some problems at school
58. Rachel is probably a(n) ______ for the program.
A. experienced teacher
B. good example
C. young expert
D. naughty boy
59. If we want more information about the program, we______.
A. need to call 01222 246900
B. can ask Kip McGrath for help
C. have to pay more money
D. must wait for a week
60. What do we learn about this summer program?
A. It needs experienced teacher.
B. It doesn’t offer us the e-mail dress.
C. It can help students a lot in many ways.
D. There’s only one centre for the program.
B
On Thursday October 3, Adam Harper decided to stop drinking coffee. Adam is a MBA student at Harvard University. He studies long hours, gets very little sleep and as a result, he drinks a lot of coffee---anywhere from five to six cups a day. Recently, Adam felt that drinking thus much coffee was making it hard for him to sleep at all. He also began having problems with his concentration(注意力), and complained of stomachaches. Adam’s doctor made this suggestions: stop drinking coffee altogether.
When Adam got up on October 3, he began his day without his morning coffee. By 11:00 a.m., Adam was in a terrible mood (情绪). He was tired and had a headache. At 11:30, he had a meeting with his student advisor. In the meeting, he found it almost impossible to continue. What was going on?
Caffeine, a chemical found in coffee, was most likely the reason for how Adam felt. Caffeine is a stimulant that boosts(增加) energy levels and improves concentration- but only for a short time. Lowering caffeine consumption(减少摄取咖啡因) often causes a drop in blood pressure and the result is a “coffee headache”, People who stop drinking coffee often say they feel tired and moody, and find it hard to focus.
The good news is that these feeling usually pass after four and five days. During this time, doctors suggested taking some aspirin for the headache. So, if Adam can wait, in less than a week, he may be feeling much better.
61. We learn from the reading Adam_________.
A. does researches on caffeine.
B. had some problems because of coffee.
C. still drinks 5 to 6 cups of coffee a day
D. can never be feeling better
62. In fact, coffee can really help us______.
A. to go to sleep very fast
B. to work for long hours
C. not to get ill easily
D. not to depend on medicine
63. People may feel _____ when they stop drinking coffee.
A. healthier
B. uneasy
C. energetic
D. awaken
64. What happened to Adam on Thursday October 3?
A. He didn’t go to his study.
B. He complained about the student advisor.
C. He didn’t drink any coffee at all.
D. He decided to stop drinking coffee.
65. The good news shows that_____.
A. Adam will be better if he stops drinking coffee.
B. More and more people will give up coffee.
C. Aspirin can stop us thinking coffee
D. Coffee can never cause headaches.
C
Can you speak to dolphins? Of course you can but you won’t be able to understand them! We interviewed a biologist and asked her what research on dolphin communication has shown. This is what she told us.
Just like dogs, cats and other mammals, dolphins communicate by using sound, vision (视觉), touch and
taste. Each dolphin has its own signature whistle to identify itself and to call others. Dolphins don’t have the ability to smell, but their hearing and eyesight are excellent.
We also asked Jane if dolphins have got their own language. She told us that they have and that dolphins started talking to each other from birth. They make different sounds, including whistles, squeaks and click. Sometimes they even sound like a heavy metal band!
We then asked Jane if any interesting experiments have been done. She told us that a very interesting experiment had been done with a mother dolphin and her two-year-old baby in an aquarium. They talked to each other over the telephone! The two dolphins were in separate tanks which were connected by a special under water system. Unfortunately the biologists couldn’t understand what the dolphins were talking about because they haven’t been able to decode (转换) dolphin language yet. However, it was very clear that the dolphins knew what they were talking about.
Finally we asked Jane if there was hope that we would be able to understand dolphins in the near future. She told us that she and her team have been listening to dolphins for more than 17 years, using special equipment to record and analyze their language. Unfortunately they haven’t been able to decode it yet, but who knows —maybe one day we’ll get a phone call from a dolphin.
66. It’s clear that ________.
A. we can speak to dolphins but not talk with
B. dolphins have not got their own language
C. researches on dolphins have just begun
D. only biologists know what dolphins talk about
67. The best title of the reading may most probably be_______.
A. An Interesting Experiment
B. Mother Dolphin and Baby
C. Animal Talk
D. Further Research
68. The word “analyze” in the reading mean________.
A. use
B. translate
C. copy
D. study
69. Which of the five senses haven’t dolphins got?
A. Smell
B. Touch
C. Taste
D. Vision
70. The interesting experiment tells us_______.
A. dolphins could talk in their own language
B. only mother dolphin was able to talk to her baby
C. the biologists can decode dolphin language
D. the two dolphins were talking by touch
第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共35分)
五、词与短语选择填空(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面五个句子,然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构和意义上正确。
(提示:选项中有一个是多余的)
active helpful connect manage took off got off
71.The book should be very ____ to parents of disabled children.
72. How did you____ to persuade him?
73. The girls were ______ in activities of school life.
74. He _____my wet boots and made me sit by the fire.
75. They met a couple of times but they didn’t really _____.
六、阅读理解填词(共10题,每小题1分,满分10分)
先阅读短文,在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。
Soon after Harry Wei moved into the flat downstairs, I met him one morning in the lift. I introduced myself, and could tell him from his v 76 that he wasn’t British, so I said, Are you from Japan? He looked annoyed, and said, “No, I’m Chinese!” I felt very e 77.
That evening, I told my flatmate Nick about our new n 78 . “I hope he doesn’t like c 79 lots of smelly, oily food,”he said. “My uncle used to live above a Chinese r 80 , and he…”“I like Chinese food,”I said. “Anyway, he’s just moved here and maybe he doesn’t know many people yet. Let’s invite him round to our place for dinner.” I went downstairs and knocked on his door. He thanked me for the i 81 , and asked if he could bring his wife along too. “Of course,” I said,
When they came to dinner, I was surprised to find that Harry’s wife was British, not Chinese. Her name was Lisa. “We met in Chengdu five years ago,”She e 82 . “I was an English teacher there, and Harry was my student.” Now Harry was studying in London, and after he had finished studies they p 83 to go back to China.
I asked Harry what he found most d 84 about life in England. “Oh, I love it here now,” he said, “but when I first arrived, my English wasn’t very good. When I didn’t understand what people said, they would just r 85 the same words very loudly and slowly. English people tend to expect everyone else to speak their language,”
“That’s true,” I said. “But please don’t ask me to learn Chinese!”
76. v______ 77. e______ 78. n______ 79. c______ 80. r______
81. i______ 82. e______ 83. p______ 84. d______ 85. r______
七、书面表达。
(共1大题,满分15分)
假如你是李明,准备到美国的一所高中去求学,需要用英文写一篇自我介绍。
要点如下:
1.第一次去国外,希望得到帮助;
2.来此是为了提高英语水平并为大学学习做准备;
3.喜欢你们的学校和校园生活,愿广交朋友;
4.16岁,来自中国武汉,即将初中毕业;
5.补充一两点个人想法。
注意: 1. 要求包括内容要点,语句通顺,内容连贯,不可逐条翻译;
2. 词数60-80;
3. 介绍内容的开头和结尾已经给出,不计词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am going to study in your school this summer. And I am very happy to introduce myself to you.___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2015-2016年武汉市部分学校九年级元月调研考试
英语试卷
二、单项选择(本题共15分,每题1分)
26. —It’s kind of you to give me a ride to the station.
— __________.
A. It doesn’t matter
B. Never mind
C. I really appreciate it
D. My pleasure
27. — You have seen the film The Lion King, haven’t you?
— __________ How I wish to see it again.
A. No, never.
B. What a pity!
C. Yes, I enjoyed it.
D. Good idea!
28. —The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it?
— Oh, it is __________ with books.
A. filled
B. covered
C. marked
D. fixed
29. — Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.
—Sorry, I’ll __________ my cigarette at once.
A. put away
B. put off
C. put out
D. put up
30. — Do you like having food with music?
— Yes. I like soft and gentle music. It __________ nice.
A. tastes
B. looks
C. feels
D. sounds
31. — The Internet is really __________ to our daily life.
—I couldn’t agree more. We can find the information we need.
A. safe
B. useful
C. fast
D. familiar
32. — I flew to Paris for the international fashion show last week.
— Is that __________ you had a few days off?
A. where
B. why
C. when
D. how
33. — Do you mind if I look at your notes?
— __________.
A. Be my guest
B. Don’t mention it
C. Yes, please
D. It’s a pleaseure
34. — Would you like to have __________ bowl of rice?
— No, thanks. I’m full.
A. another
B. other
C. the other
D. others
35. — How did you manage to __________ a meal so quickly?
— Easy for me. I like cooking.
A. buy
B. produce
C. develop
D. take
36. —I’m afraid we have got lost in this part of the city.
—Don’t worry. I’ve got a __________ with me.
A. newspaper
B. dictionary
C. camera
D. map
37. Don’t be so rude! Try to act __________.
A. friendly
B. politely
C. kindly
D. strictly
38. — Have you decided which senior high school to choose?
— Not yet. I __________ go to the Sunshine School.
A. should
B. need
C. may
D. must
39. — The air is terrible these days.
— It will be even worse __________ we take actions to protect the environment.
A. if
B. unless
C. until
D. since
40. — Are you sure Kate lives here?
—Quite sure. But I can’t tell __________.
A. which room does he live in
B. in which room does he live
C. which room he lives in
D. he lives in which room
三、完型填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从41-45各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
Daddy wanted a boy. He was so __41__ when I was born. He never tried hiding his __42__ from me. He had hoped a boy would help him with the farm and finally step into his shoes, __43__ a girl .....
I tried to do everything just to __44__ Daddy. I got up early to help with the housework. I went home straight from school. But he didn’t __45__ to be moved by th at at all.
The year I turned thirteen was the 100th birthday of our town. The town council decided to hold a parade (游行), and they wanted a young __46__ to lead the parade. The families in the area were asked to send pictures of their children. Every parent in the area __47__ that their daughter would be chosen, every parent except Daddy.
Mommy sent in a picture of me without __48__ me. I was always so busy being the boy Daddy wanted, and I never considered having the __49__ to lead the parade. So it was quite a __50__ when the town council stopped by one evening to tell us I’d been chosen. Mommy was __51__. As I expected, Daddy showed no interest in the matter.
The day of the big parade finally arrived. I was dressed in a beautiful __52__ dress. At first, I felt __53__ --- I’d hardly ever worn dresses. But soon I felt like a princess (公主) in a fairy tale.
As the parade passed down the main street of our town. I saw Mommy and Daddy standing on the side. Mommy was waving an American flag. But Daddy .... well, he was just __54__. As I __55__ him, I thought I saw tears in his eyes. At that moment, I knew I had finally won his admiration----not as a replacement, but as the young lady I really was.
41. A. proud B. satisfied C. anxious D. disappointed
42. A. money B. plan C. feelings D. belongings
43. A. But B. As C. And D. If
44. A. bother B. please C. support D. appreciate
45. A. agree B. change C. seem D. remain
46. A. couple B. lady C. man D. baby
47. A. worried B. promised C. knew D. hoped
48. A. hurting B. telling C. inviting D. introducing
49. A. chance B. time C. energy D. courage
50. A. hit B. help C. pleasure D. surprise
51. A. sad B. interested C. excited D. upset
52. A. red B. green C. white D. black
53. A. shy B. anxious C. proud D. brave
54. A. shouting B. crying C. smiling D. watching
55. A. kissed B. passed C. followed D. discovered
三、阅读理解(共15小题, 每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下面三篇材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
A
56. The above material is most likely taken from __________.
A. an “easylife” magazine
B. a report of clocks and watches
C. a piece of news of a newspaper
D. a cartoon picture book
57. What is the most important advantage of the clock?
A. “Buying one, get one free”.
B. Telling the time even in the dark.
C. Its measures: H13×w12×D5cm.
D. Its extra large easy-to-read numbers.
58. If you want two clocks of this kind, you _______.
A. don’t have to pay a 1AA battery
B. will just pay £ 12.99 for them
C. have to do the shopping only on line
D. must first ask for a special offer
59. We know from the material that the clock ________.
A. has no silent second hand
B. goes without a battery
C. glows in the dark
D. alarms in the middle of the night
60. According to the material, the “T&J” is probably ______.
A. the sign of selling shops
B. the mark of the special offer
C. the brand of the clock
D. the name of the company owner
B
As a youngs ter, there was nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather’s farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and the barn provided endless hours of fun
for a city kid like me.
I can still remember one afternoon when I was eight years old. Since my first visit to the farm, I had wanted more than anything to be allowed to climb the stone walls. My parents would never agree with me. The walls were old. Some stones were missing and others were loose and crumbling. Still, my wishing for climbing those walls grew so strong that, one spring afternoon, I finally gathered all my courage and entered the living room.
“I, uh…. I want to climb the stone walls,” I said hesitantly. Everyone looked up. “Can I climb the stone walls?” Suddenly, a chorus (齐声) went up from the women in the room. “Heavens, no!” They shouted. “You’ll hurt yourself!” I wasn’t too disappointed because the response was just as I had expected. But before I left the room, I was stopped by my grand father’s loud voice. “Now hold on just a minute,” I heard he said, “Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do things for himself.”
“Be careful. Come and see me when you get back.” For the next two and a half hours I climbed those old walls a nd had the time of my life. Later I met my grandfather and told him about my climbing. I’ll never forget what he said. “Fred.” he said. “You made this day a special day just by being yourself. Always remember, there’s only one person in this whole world li ke you and I like you exactly as you are.”
61. It’s clear that the city kid often __________.
A. visited his grandfather’s farm
B. climbed the old stone walls
C. had little fun on the farm
D. helped to repair the stone walls
62. The little kid gathered his courage to __________.
A. talk to his grandfather
B. enter the living room
C. ask for climbing the old walls
D. stay out alone for some time
63. When the people didn’t allow him to climb the walls, the boy __________.
A. wasn’t disappointed at all
B. didn’t feel surprised
C. felt quite embarrassed
D. went to the old walls straightly
64. The grandfather let the boy try to climb the walls because __________.
A. there was no one else loving the boy
B. he wanted to make the boy happy
C. the boy had to learn to do things himself
D. he would protect him while climbing the walls.
65. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Being yourself.
B. The old Stone Walls.
C. My Grandfather.
D. Nice Sunday Afternoons.
C
I have lived in Lawndale for thirty years. I have seen many things change. Some have been the better and some for the worse. My neighborhood is a good one. I have friends here and my family lives here. My mother’s home is two blocks away. My cousins live down the street.
Progress starts with hope. That’s something I learned a long time ago. You can look at things and complain. Or you can ask, “What can we do to make things better?”
My son came home from school in August with a plan. It was a plan his class made. They were going to turn a vacant lot (闲置地皮) into a garden. I said it would be a lot more work than he knew.
He had a dream. He wanted to have a lot of flowers in Lawndale. He said, “If we turn the vacant lot across fromm the school into a garden, it will show everyone how much we care. And then more people will plant flowers and trees, so the community will get to be a really beautiful place.”
I admired my son’s idea. He has always been a thoughful child. I said we would help.
He class started by clearing out the trash (垃圾) from the lot. They needed lots of trash bags for that because they didn’t just clear the lot. They cleaned the trash from the street, too. People came by and saw the difference they made. I noticed after that people were not littering so much. It seems they got the idea that keeping things
clean is not as hard as picking up all the trash if you litter a lot.
Then they put bulbs (鳞茎植物) in the ground. I think they planted about 500 bulbs. I helped, and I think I planted about 30 bulbs myself. This spring we’ll see them flower. I think that everyone in the community will be inspired (鼓舞).
A long time ago, someone said, “It takes a village to raise a child.” I think it takes a child to inspire a community. I am proud of my son.
66. The reading is about __________.
A. a father and his son
B. the community’s making progress
C. the students’ wonderful plan
D. a saying that goes for a long time
67. We learn from the reading __________.
A. more people come to Lawndale to live in
B. people are willing to keep the community clean
C. the students turned the vacant lot into a ground
D. The thoughtful son made another plan himself
68. The students needed lots of bags because they __________.
A. didn’t just pick up the trash from t he lot
B. needed them for carrying bulbs
C. would give them out to more people
D. wanted to put them everywhere to use
69. The old saying, “It takes a village to raise a child” in the reading means __________.
A. a village is large enough to raise a child
B. all the village people help to raise a child
C. it is not easy to raise a child
D. a child can not be raised in the village
70. What the father did shows that __________.
A. he was asked to carry out the plan
B. he wanted his son to be pround of him
C. other people began to help the students
D. he was inspired by the plan of his son’s class
五、词与短语选择填空(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面5个句子,然后用方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构和意义上正确。
(提示:选项中有一个是多余的.)
71. He used to be a very quiet teenager. He remained silent most of the time and __________ talked to other people.
72. People are usually __________ to give a general self-introduction in a job interview.
73. What are people in Korea __________ to do when they meet for the first time?
74. Do you think we may be __________ to take photos if we do not use a flash?
75. If you are always __________ from class, You will fail the examination.
六、阅读理解填词(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
先阅读短文,再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。
单词的第一个字母已给出。
A great man died today. He was not a word leader or famous doctor or a war h 76 or a sports star. He was not a rich businessman, and you will never see his name in the f 77 pages. But he was one of the greatest men who ever lived. He was my father.
I g 78 you might say he was a person who was never interested in getting credit or receiving honors. He did ordinary things like paying his bills on time, going to church on Sundays and s 79 as an officer
in his company. He helped his children with their homework and d 80 his wife to do shopping on
Thursday nights.
T 81 is my first night without him. I do not know what to do with m 82 . I am sorry now for the time I did not s 83 him the proper respect.
But I am thankful for a lot of other things.
I am thankful that God let me have my father for fifteen years. And I am happy that I was able to let him know how much I loved him. That wonderful man died with a smile on his face and fulfillment in his h 84 . He knew that he was a great s 85 as a husband and a father, a brother, a son and a friend. I wonder how many millionaires can say that.
七、书面表达(共1大题,满分15分)
《中学生英语报》征集有关中学生在学习和生活中应用因特网的文章,请根据下面内容用英语写一篇短文。
要点如下:
1. 因特网在生活中很受欢迎,用因特网做很多的事情;
2. 用因特网发邮件、交谈、学习和搜索相关信息;
3. 疲劳时用因特网欣赏音乐、看比赛、玩游戏;
4. 网上购物也很时尚,可买到便宜的参考书籍等;
5. 写一两件上网时应注意的事情。
注意:
1. 要求包括内容要点,语句通顺,意思连贯;
2. 词数60-80。
参考词汇:因特网internet 交谈chat 搜索search for
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________。