并列连词与状语从句

高中英语重要语法考点--- 并列连词与状语从句
考点一:并列连词
并列句是由两个或两个以上的独立分句并列在一起构成。

其基本结构：分句＋并列连词＋分句。

在并列句中，除了使用并列连词外，还可使用并列连词组词或连接副词来连接分句。

有时甚至不用并列连词，只用逗号、分号等把分句隔开。

常见并列连词有：
1．表示并列关系：and，both...and...，as well as
2．表示选择关系：or/or else，otherwise，either...or...，not...but...
3．表示递进关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...
4．表示转折关系：but，however，yet(然而)，still，nevertheless(尽管如此) 5．表示因果关系：so，for
6．表示对比关系：while(而)
(2014·北京高考)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，so plants can spread to new places.
有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物就可以传播到新地方了。

(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again，but I didn't want to spend all day with her.
很高兴又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天时间和她在一起。

(2013·北京高考)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.
在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。

(2012·四川高考)At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。

He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail. 由于他的视力开始不断下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。

考点二状语从句
1．时间状语从句
(2014·江西高考)It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
当我父亲叫醒我，告诉我看足球比赛的时候是午夜。

(2013·安徽高考)It's much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.
当你们有相似的兴趣时，你们会更容易成为朋友。

(2)before与since 引导的时间状语从句
若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。

(2014·陕西高考)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.那对年轻夫妻归还了我丢了的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。

(2013·陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。

(2013·湖南高考)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.在做任何决定之前，你必须学会征询自己的情感和理智。

(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
①as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；the moment/minute/instant；no sooner...than；hardly...when...
②hardly...when...；no sooner...than...中主句用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当hardly和no sooner 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。

The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。

(4)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词
①until与till引导的时间状语从句
until/till意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到……才”。

②every/each time，next time，the first time，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。

③by the time引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。

By the time you come back，we will have finished the job.
当你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作了。

2．让步状语从句
(1)although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句
①although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。

②although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。

③though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。

④while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。

(2014·江苏高考)Lessons can be learned to face the future，though history cannot be changed.尽管不能改变历史，但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。

(2012·湖南高考)While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.
尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。

I've a bit of cold.It is nothing much，though.我有点感冒，不过不太严重。

(2)even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
(2014·北京高考)Even though the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.尽管森林公园离得很远，每年有很多游客会去游览。

(2013·四川高考)He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他很忙。

即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。

(3)“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”；whether...or...(不管……还是……)引导的让步状语从句
①“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，可转化成“疑问词＋ever”。

②whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可引导名词性从句；whenever，wherever还可分别引导时间和地点状语从句。

(2012·湖南高考)However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食的量，那么减肥是很难做到的。

Don't trust him，no matter what/whatever he says.无论他说什么，不要相信他。

Whether you believe it or not，it is true.不管你相信与否，那都是真的。

3．条件状语从句
(1)引导条件状语从句的连词：if；unless；so(as)long as；once；in case(万一)；on condition that；supposing/suppose (that)；provided/providing。

(2)“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。

(3)条件状语从句中一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。

(2014·四川高考)I'll be out for some time.In case anything important happens，call me up immediately.我要出去一会儿。

万一发生任何重要的事情，立刻给我打电话。

(2013·江西高考)She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。

于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。

(2)目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can，could，may，might，should等。

(3)as if/though引导方式状语从句时，从句中有时需用虚拟语气。

(2014·重庆高考)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.半小时后，露西仍然没有从下公交车的地方打到出租车。

(2014·浙江高考)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that she could stay home and raise her family.当儿子出生时凯茜就已辞去了工作，目的是她能够待在家里抚养孩子。

Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。

语法专练
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．(2014·天津高考)I think ____impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
2．(2014·山东高考)It is difficult for us to imagine ___ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
3．(2014·江苏高考)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame，mum. I am ______you have made me.
4．(2014·重庆高考)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea ___ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities. 5．(2014·大纲全国卷)Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
6．(2014·山东济南四月巩固训练)—The patient looks much better. ____ is it that has made him _______ he is today?
—Perhaps the special medicine and his family's patient care.
7．(2014·重庆高考)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ___ we set at the
beginning of the year.
8．(2014·江苏高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ______ a good impression is a must.
9．(2014·四川高考)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，______is quite unexpected.
10．(2013·辽宁高考)He may win the competition，in _____ case he is likely to get into the national team.
11．(2014·甘肃河西五市一联)The old pictures bring them to the days _____ they spent together，______ life was hard but happy.
12．(2014·湖南高考)You will never gain success _____ you are fully devoted to your work.
13．(2014·天津高考)_____ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
14．(2014·安徽高考)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ____ it finally came to include the sense“pleasant”．
15．(2013·北京高考)I took my driving license with me on holiday，______ I wanted to hire a car.
16．(2013·山东高考)Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
17．(2013·山东高考) __I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start. 18．(2013·辽宁高考)One can always manage to do more things，no matter ____ full one's schedule is in life.
19．Primary school pupil _____ she is，she is able to find the solution to the complicated maths problem.
20．Can I have your name and your telephone number ______ we can touch you when we have news?
21．—Do you have the time? I've got something to tell you.
—OK，__________ you make your story short.
22．_______ you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents. 23．My daughter stared at me，angrily，______ I were her wicked stepmother. 24．During the Spring Festival，there was less air pollution ______ fireworks were forbidden.
25．It was the late 1930s _______ J．R.R.Tolkien began to write the opening chapters of The Lord of the Rings.。