必修一 UNIT 4 Earthquakes 课堂知识点及练习教师用

必修一UNIT 4 Earthquakes 课堂知识点及练习教师用
一.句式仿写
①Because of the tight schedule，he was once too tired to continue his work.(continue)
由于日程紧张，他一度因过度疲劳而不能继续工作。

②It seems as if there will be a heavy rain soon.(there)
看来好像很快就要有一场大雨。

③Why did you leave the guests standing there？(stand)
你为什么让客人站在那儿？
④ Not all students are suitable for the learning method.(all)
并不是所有学生都适合这种学习方法。

二. 语法自测——现在进行时的被动语态
1.The paint on the statues is_being_cleared away and they will be restored to their former glory.(clear)
雕像上的油漆正在被清除，它们即将恢复昔日的风采。

2.It is terribly noisy here as the new machines in the nearby plant_are_being_tested.(test)
这里噪音太大，因为旁边工厂里的新机器正在接受检测。

3.A lot of attention is_being_paid_to_greenhouse gas emission.Look at those posters for environmental protection.(pay)
温室气体的排放得到了很多关注。

看那些关于环境保护的海报。

4.You can't use the machine today because some parts are_being_replaced.(replace)
你今天不能使用这台机器，因为一些零件正在被更换。

5．Don't go into the room, please.An important meeting is_being_held in it.(hold) 请不要进入房间。

里面正在举行重要会议。

1.burst vt.& vi.(to explode；to come open or fly apart suddenly or violently)(使)破裂；爆发；突然发作n．[C](a sudden outbreak or outburst; an explosion)爆炸；迸发；爆发
burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
(1)At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would ________________. burst with joy
听到爸爸这个星期要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放了。

(2)As the witness related, the car skidded, turned over and ________________.
据目击者描述，那辆汽车一打滑翻倒后就起火了。

burst into flames
(3)It was not until I came back from the meeting that I found my house________________．(was) burst into
直到开完会回来，我才发现有人闯入了我的房子。

2.ruin vt. (to destroy completely)(使)毁灭；(使)破产；毁坏n．毁灭；(the remains of something destroyed)(常用复数)废墟；遗迹；残余
(1)in ruins 一片废墟
bring…to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落fall in/into ruin 成为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
(1)Having gone through two world wars, the castle __________________．
经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。

has fallen into ruin
(2)Cheer up! You allow your past to control and ____________________．
振作起来！你的过去已经控制、毁坏了你的将来。

ruin your future
3.shock n．(the feeling of surprise when something bad happens accidentally)打击；震动；震惊vt.& vi.(使)震惊；(使)惊愕；(使)触电
(1) (be)a shock to sb对某人来说是一个打击
a great shock to s
b 令人很震惊的人或事
(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的，感到惊讶的
be shocked at/by… 被……震惊be shocked to do sth 惧怕做某事
(1)It's ______________ to him that his wife died in the traffic accident.
他的妻子在车祸中丧生对他来说是一个极大的打击。

a terrible shock
(2)Greatly ______________ the sad news, he stood there, paralyzed with fear.
惊悉这个不幸的消息，他呆若木鸡地站在那儿。

shocked at
4. (1)______________________ in the mine for two days, the miners finally were rescued.(tra p) Having been trapped
在矿井下被困了两天后，矿工们终于获救了。

(2)It's a wonder that the worker ________________ underground for a week was found alive.( trap) (who was) trapped
那个被困在地底下一个星期的工人被发现还活着，这真是个奇迹。

5judge n．法官；(one appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition) 裁判员;vt.& vi.(to form an opinion or estimation after careful consideration)判决；判断；断定
温馨提示:judging from/by…置于句首作状语，v.-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。

用法类似的还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking 坦白地说；considering…考虑到……
(1)It is only shallow people who__________________．
只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。

judge by appearances
(2)____________ his accent, he must be from the south.
从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人.Judging by
(3)If he had played a part in the film, he _______________ to be the best actor this year.would have been judged
如果他出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员。

6bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使专心
be buried alive被活埋
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
be buried in(＝bury oneself in) 埋头于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
bury oneself in(doing)sth 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
温馨提示:表示“专心于，致力于”的表达还有：be devoted to; be absorbed in; be lost in; be occupied in; focus/concentrate on; fix one's attention on。

(1)__________ his study，he didn't know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。

Buried in
(2)She sat there silently, with ____________________．
她双手掩面，安静地坐在那儿。

her face buried in hands
7.at an end结束；终结on end连续(地)；直立
in the end 最后，终于at the end of… 在……的末端，在……结束时by the end of… 到……为止(常与完成时态连用)
put an end to 结束
(1)He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________ and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.
A．at the end B．by the end
C．in the end D．at an end
[解析] D考查介词短语。

be at an end表示“结束，终结”，符合句意。

at the end(of)在(……的)末端；by the end(of)到(……)结束时；in the end最后。

8.关于“许多”“若干”短语：
温馨提示:a large/great number of “许多的，大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。

number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。

a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

(1)After we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees________________. have been saved
自从我们利用新的循环方法，大量的树木已被拯救。

(2)Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help _______________ since the organization was built. have been offered 自该组织成立以来，已经提供了大量的信息和及时的帮助。

(2)I agree with most of what you said, but I ______________．(agree)
我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。

don't agree with everything
9.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！
句型公式:seem as though/if… 似乎，好像……
【句式点拨】本句中as if “仿佛，好像”，既可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句，本句中引导的是表语从句。

as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想
看起来我们可能要迟到了。

(可能性极大)
It looks as if it were going to rain.
看样子好像要下雨了。

(可能性不大)
I remember the story as if I had just read it.
我记得这个故事，就好像刚刚读过一样。

(非真实情况)
When the movie star shook hands with him, he felt as if he were walking on air.
当那位电影明星和他握手的时候，他高兴得有些飘飘然了。

(非真实情况) 温馨提示: as though/if引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as though/if ＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。

如：
Jason paused as if (he was) expecting Lanny to speak.
Jason暂停下来，好像他在期待Lanny讲话。

He opened his mouth as though/if (he was) to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。

(1)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________．(break)
were broken
当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。

(2)I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing ________________．(happen)
我建议你应该待在这儿，就像什么事也没有发生一样。

had happened
10.根据汉语提示，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇
1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。

2．水管爆裂，电力中断。

3．这个地区发生了地震，似乎每个人都处于危险中。

4．有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。

5．从那时的情况判断，还有大量的被困群众等待着救援。

6．并不是所有希望都破灭了。

7．很快军队就被派来帮助他们。

One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes burst and the electricity cut off. An earthquake struck the city and it seemed as if everybody was in danger. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were soon sent to help them.
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．Accidental deaths have decreased obviously since the police launched a(n) ______ to reduce road accidents.
A．event B．battle C．fight D．campaign
解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。

句意：自从警察开展减少道路交通事故的运动以来，意外死亡已经明显降低。

launch a campaign“开展一场运动”，符合句意。

event“(尤指重要、有意思或不寻常的)事件”；battle“战役”；fight“战斗”。

2．Jewish Americans are ________ successful in the fields of business, entertainment and science.Twenty-five percent of the 400 wealthiest Americans are Jewish Americans.
A．completely B．extremely C．eventually D．unconditionally
解析：选B考查副词词义辨析。

句意：犹太裔美国人在商业、娱乐和科学领域极其成功，在400个最富有的美国人中，有25%是犹太裔美国人。

extremely“极其；极度”，符合句意。

completely“完全地”；eventually“终于；最终”；unconditionally“无条件地”。

3．It was a great ________ to the world that the US wiretapping scandal was exposed.
A．attack B．shock C．burst D．pleasure
解析：选B句意：美国的监听丑闻被曝光让全世界大为震惊。

根据句意可知，此处shock意为“一件令人震惊的事”。

4．Our English teacher often tells us that the meaning of a new word may be ________ according to the given context.
A．dug out B．ruled out C．brought out D．taken out
解析：选C句意：我们的英语老师经常告诉我们一个新单词的意思可以由语境显现出来。

bring out“使显现；使表现出”，符合句意。

5．Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A．spot B．dismiss C．shelter D．distinguish
解析：选C考查动词词义辨析。

根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的还是想象的。

spot“认出；发现”；dismiss“开除；解散”；distinguish“区分”，都不符合语意。

6．Thanks to the great efforts by netizens and the journalists' determination to ________ the truth, anti-corruption has been accelerating.
A．take out B．check out C．pick out D．dig out
解析：选D考查动词短语辨析。

句意：由于网民的努力和记者挖掘真相的决心，反腐工作加快了。

dig out“找出；发掘”，符合句意。

take out“获得”；check out“核实；检查(是否一切正常)”；pick out“精心挑选”。

7．He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________ and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.
A．at the end B．by the end C．in the end D．at an end
解析：选D考查短语辨析。

句意：考试一旦结束，他将与朋友一起放松休息，他已有令人兴奋的暑假计划。

at an end “结束”，符合句意。

8．Many public advertisements are broadcast on TV to ________ the massage that we should be friendly to environment.
A．get over B．get across C．get along D．get away
解析：选B句意：许多公益广告在电视里播放以传达一个信息：我们应该爱护环境。

get across“传达”。

get over“克服”；get along“进展”；get away“摆脱”。

9．You will ________ your chances of getting a pay rise if you don't work harder than others.
A．forecast B．wound C．harm D．ruin
解析：选D考查动词词义辨析。

ruin可用其引申含义，意为“毁坏；损害”，此时其宾语通常是health, fame, chance等。

forecast“预测”；wound侧重战场上的刀伤、枪伤等；harm指“对……有害”。

所以选D。

10．)It's a pity that you have to leave so soon.I ________ hope that you will come back.
A．sincerely B．hardly C．strongly D．obviously
解析：选A考查副词词义辨析。

句意：您得这么早就离开，真让人感到遗憾，我真诚地希望您再回来。

sincerely“真诚地”，符合句意。

hardly“几乎不”；strongly“强烈地”；obviously“明显地”。

Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Having stayed in hospital for two months, he felt as_if/though_he_was_cut_off from the outside world.(cut)
他在医院住了两个月的院，感觉自己像与世隔绝了一样。

2．Maria has written two novels, both_of_which_have_been_made into television series.(make)
Maria已经写了两部小说，这两部小说都已经被制作成了电视剧。

3．The rescue team has saved more than thirty people trapped_under_the_collapsed_buildings since the earthquake occurred.(trap)
自从地震发生以来，救援队已经救出了三十多个被困在垮塌建筑物下的人。

4．I was about to go shopping when_a_stranger_burst_into my house.(burst)
我正要出去购物，突然一个陌生人闯进我的房子。

5．The police are searching for the murderer with the_dog_leading_the_way.(lead)
由狗在前带路，警方正在搜索那个杀人犯。

6．Be careful because the ice is too_thin_to_support your weight.(support)
当心，因为冰太薄了承受不了你的重量。

7．I just wouldn't like to leave/have/make_you_frustrated by this failure as well.(frustrate) 我只是不想让你们也因为这次失败而觉得沮丧。

8．The nation were_greatly_shocked_by the news that the famous film star was killed in the accident.(shock)
全国人民对那个著名电影明星死于车祸的消息感到很震惊。

9．As far as I know, never before in history was_a_city_destroyed so completely.(destroy) 据我所知，历史上从来没有一个城市被如此彻底的摧毁。

10．It was at the bookstore around the corner that_I_spotted this dictionary, and I took it on the spot.(spot)
我是在拐角的那家书店看到这本词典的，我当场就买了。