江苏省南京名校中学2023-2024学年高三上学期暑假检测英语试题(含答案)

2023-2024南外高三上暑假检测
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
A
FEEDING AMERICA: BY THE NUMBERS*
41, 200, 000AMERICANS ARE FOOD INSECURE(Meaning they don't know when and how they'll get their next meal) WANT TO DOSOMETHING One way to stem the tide of hunger is via neighborhood food banks. They need three things: money, your time, and food. If you plan on donating food, here are the items food banks need most：
●Applesauce●Boxed meals●Canned chicken●Canned chili●Canned fish （tuna, salmon）●Cooking oils●Crackers●Dried herbs and
spices●Nuts●Peanut butter ●Whole-grain cereal（Note: Avoid items with glass packaging because they can be broken in transport. Pop-top ans are a plus—no opener needed.）
13MILLIONAMERICAN CHILDERNFACE HUNGER—THAT'S1 IN 6 KIDS
1.5MILLIONVeterans receive food stamps
27%of households with incomesAbove the federal povertylevelAre food insecure
18.7%Of Mississippians are foodInsecure（Highest rate of all states）5.4MILLIONSenior citizens currently face food insecurity in ck of transportation,functional limitations, and health problems are major
factors.
8.7%Of Hawaiians are foodInsecure(Lowest rate of all states)
＄1 donated to Feeding America will buy 10 meals for people facing hunger in America.
*Trusted Media Brands—Readers' Digest's parent company—has become an official media partner of Feeding America, the nation's largest hunger-relief charity.See how you can help our efforts at
21.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Those Americans who live above the poverty line won't go hungry.
B. 13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation.
C. Among all the states in the USA, food insecurity in Mississippi is severest.
D. Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging.
22.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To warn readers against dangers of insecure food.
B. To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.
C. To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.
D. To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.
B
The latest bad but unsurprising news on education is that reading and
writing scores on the SAT have once again declined. The language competence of our high schoolers fell steeply in the 1970s and has never recovered. This is very worrisome, because the best single measure of the overall quality of our primary and secondary schools is the average verbal score of 17-year-olds. This score correlates with the ability to learn new things readily, to communicate with others and to secure a job. It also predicts future income.
The most credible analyses have shown that the chief causes are vast curricular changes, especially in the critical early grades. In the decades before the Great Verbal Decline, a content-rich elementary school experience evolved into a content-light, skills-based, test-centered approach. Cognitive psychologists agree that early childhood language learning (ages 2 to 10) is critical to later verbal competence, not just because of the remarkable linguistic plasticity of young minds, but also because of the so-called Matthew Effect.
The name comes from a passage in the Bible: "For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath." Those who are language-poor in early childhood get relatively poorer, and fall further behind, while the verbally rich get richer.
The origin of this cruel truth lies in the nature of word learning. The more words you already know, the faster you acquire new words. This
sounds like an invitation to vocabulary study for babies, but that's been tried and it's not effective. Most of the word meanings we know are acquired indirectly, by intuitively(凭直觉的) guessing new meanings as we understand the main idea of what we are hearing or reading. The Matthew Effect in language can be restated this way: "To those who understand the main idea shall be given new word meanings, but to those who do not there shall follow boredom and frustration."
Clearly the key is to make sure that from kindergarten on, every student, from the start, understands the main idea of what is heard or read. If preschoolers and kindergartners are offered substantial and coherent lessons concerning the human and natural worlds, then the results show up five years or so later in significantly improved verbal scores. By staying on a subject long enough to make all young children familiar with it (say, two weeks or so), the main idea becomes understood by all and word learning speeds up. This is especially important for low-income children, who come to school with smaller vocabularies and rely on school to pass on the knowledge base children from rich families take for granted.
Current reform strategies focus on testing, improving teacher quality, and other changes. Attention to these structural issues has led to improvements in the best public schools. But it is not enough.
23. The drop in verbal scores on the SAT is worrisome because ______.
A. it will lead to a short supply of talents in the labor market
B. it reveals young people's negative attitude towards verbal study
C. it shows the schools' inability to meet the national requirements
D. students' reading and writing ability affects their future development
24. Which of the following is the reason for the falling verbal competence
A. Children's lack of language learning ability.
B. Fewer courses on reading and writing in school.
C. The shift of curricular focus from content to skills.
D. Heavy pressure that numerous tests have resulted in.
25. The implication of Mathew Effect in language is that ______.
A. children should be trained to understand the content
B. teachers should focus on one topic in language teaching
C. children's family background determines their verbal ability
D. teachers should make everything understandable for students
26. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Mathew Effect in Language Learning
B. How to Stop the Drop in Verbal Scores
C. Try to Understand the Main Idea
D. Don't Overestimate Your Verbal Scores
C
Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people dismissing him as mad,
Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.
After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice,
38-year-old Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness," he said.
At one stage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses that dot the mountain.
The descent had been seen by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy, urged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. "Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award," it said.
However, the only body to make the news was the corpse (尸体) of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter the slopes.
“This mountain is always full of s urprises. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience," he said.
Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safety helmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was one of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition website jamming it for a time as others tried to access the
site.
Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffering from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.
Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.
Kamicar comes from a skiing family and took part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.
27. Davo Kamicar made history by ______.
A. skiing down Mount Everest without rest
B. descending Mount Everest within the shortest time ever
C. attracting largest number of audience online for his descent
D. becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest
28. The underlined word foolhardy in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. sudden and hard to accept
B. taking unnecessary risks
C. attracting public attention
D. working hard to fool others
29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Kamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.
B. The broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.
C. Kamicar 's family had a tradition to conquer Mount Everest.
D. This was not Kamicar 's first attempt on Mount Everest.
30. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage
A. Mad man skis down Everest
B. Darwin Award for Davo Kamicar
C. Extreme sports hero slides to a record
D. Body of mountaineer found on Everest
D
One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may harbor private suspicions that other people's race or sex makes them inferior- but to say so openly is totally taboo. One old prejudice remains respectable, though. Just ask a childless person.
They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism, Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake in society. "He talks to us about the future, but he doesn't have children!" complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the
French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.
The charges against the childless should be thrown out, along with other social prejudice. In many rich countries, between 15% and 20% of women, and a slightly higher proportion of men, will not have children. The share is rising. Some have medical problems; others do not meet the right person in time; still others decide they do not want them. Whatever the cause, the attacks on the childless are baseless.
If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world's parents, who stop social immobility by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.
The fact that so many senior politicians lack offspring ought to put to rest the idea that they do not care for society. Five of the G7 countries are led by childless men and women. Mr. Macron, Mrs. May, Mrs. Merkel, Shinzo Abe and Paolo Gentiloni have their faults, but they are not notably less able than Justin Trudeau (who has three children) let alone Donald Trump (who has five). Their opportunities for nepotism are
limited. And they spare their countries dynastic politics.
The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the patter in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.
The childless also do everyone else a favour by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.
31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A. The childless often get punished in society.
B. The childless often
come under sharp criticism.
C. Most successful politicians have no children
D. Childlessness affects the result of an election.
32. The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless
______.
A. have a strange way to show selfishness
B. set a bad example for young people
C. are not as able as those with children
D. are the government's financial burden
33. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. Accepting more immigrants.
B. Reducing the pensions for the aged.
C. Encouraging parents to have more children.
D. Supporting the political leaders with no children.
34. What is the author's attitude towards the childless
A. Understanding
B. Skeptical
C. Disappointed
D. Reserved
35. What is the best title for the passage
A. In defence of the childless.
B. In hope of having a child or not.
C. Reasons for not having children.
D. Measures to address aging problems.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. ___36___But others may not have
crossed your mind. "A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run," says preventive cardiologist Dr. Beth Abramson.
Get eight hours of sleep.
"When you're not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful," says Dr. Arya Sharma, a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta. If we're sleep deprived, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels. ___37___
___38___
Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. "We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health" adds Sharma. "Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network."
Avoid polluted air.
Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. Inhaling contaminants formed from chemicals like Sulphur (硫) dioxide, carbon and nitrogen oxides may irritate arteries (动脉) and increase inflammation, ___39___ Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time
indoors when the air quality index is poor.
Eat breakfast.
A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who partook in a substantial morning meal. According to Abramson, you need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. ___40___ If you're eating a proper breakfast, you're less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices.
A. Be social and outgoing.
B. Engage in voluntary work.
C. There are physiological effects of this condition on the body.
D. These factors can all have an impact on cardiovascular (心血管的) health.
E. Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.
F. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.
G. Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people with other health risks.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
I joined the girls' tennis team in Grade 2. A freshman transferring in from
Britain also joined the team. But she was quickly.
___41___ for her accent, which made her anxious and ___42___. Refusing to accept this unforgivable behavior, I ___43___ her, praising her accent and befriending her.
This inoffensive interaction had its root in the deep-seeded ___44___ from a previous situation where I failed to ___45___ and ultimately hurt an innocent girl.
I met Catherine when I ___46___ survived my first year in America. Catherine made me feel ___47___ by greeting me with her thick but cheerful southern accent each morning. We quickly became best friends. However, it was short-lived. Catherine and I ___48___ to join the school drama club. Unfortunately, cruel gossips unfolded at Catherine's expense before the interview. Desperate to be ___49___ , I just stood by. Catherine would still greet me, her ___50___ not fading. Deeply buried in the ___51___ of "betraying" my friend, I couldn't forgive myself. Our relationship was ___52___ destroyed.
I wish I could go back with the ___53___ to defend her, but I can't. I can, however, ___54___ to never give in to such fear. Courage wasn't the absence of fear, but the ___55___ over it.
41. A. admired B. teased C. followed D. blamed
42. A. insecure B. excited C. relaxed D. jealous
43.A. analyzed B. affected C. approach D. accused
44. A. gesture B. guilt C. pride D. eagerness
45. A. stay up B. give up C. cheer up D. stand up
46. A. barely B. smoothly C. slowly D. totally
47. A. confused B. cheated C. abandoned D. accepted
48. A. applied B. happened C. agreed D. forgot
49. A. inspired B. included C. rewarded D. remembered
50. A. hope B. voice C. enthusiasm D. sympathy
51. A. shame B. depression C. trouble D. delight
52. A. carelessly B. honestly C. hardly D. permanently
53. A. desire B. challenge C. courage D. devotion
54. A. arrange B. swear C. afford D. beg
55. A. advantage B. victory C. debate D. quarrel
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
The Grand Canal is the longest and ___56___ (old) canal in the world. It forms a vast inland waterway system in China, running from the capital Beijing in the north ___57___ Zhejiang Province in the south.
___58___ (construct) in sections from the 5th century BCE and completed and maintained by several ___59___ (dynasty), it formed the backbone of China's inland communications system, which enabled the supply of rice ___60___ (feed) the population. The Grand Canal reached a new peak in the 13th century, providing an inland shipping network consisting of more than 2,000 km of artificial waterways, ___61___
linked five of the most important river basins in China, including the Huanghe River and the Changjiang River. Still ___62___ major means of internal communication today, it ___63___ (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity and stability of China over the ages.
The Grand Canal bears witness to a remarkable and early development of hydraulic engineering. It is an essential technological achievement
___64___ (date) from before the Industrial Revolution. It is a perfect example of dealing with difficult natural conditions, as is reflected in the many constructions that are ___65___ (full) adapted to the diversity and complexity of circumstances. It best demonstrates the technical capabilities of Eastern civilizations.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。

你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。

请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表达歉意并说明原因；2.提出建议并给出理由
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
__
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
When I was 13, I climbed my first mountain - a fairly gentle 3,900-foot peak near where I live in Surrey, British Columbia. I loved the challenge of conquering something bigger than myself. Soon I'd climbed nearly 100 peaks.
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to conquer 11, 240-foot Mount Hood.
It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m. The temperature was about 14 degrees, and we wore clothes we could easily remove. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours, we reached Devil's Kitchen, a plateau at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind conditions were horrible. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes (斧), helmets, and crampons (钉鞋). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. At around 9 a. m., we reached a patch of ice called an ice step. It was about three or four feet tall and sloped at a 75-degree angle. I volunteered to go first. I placed my left foot on the ice step.
I gained a sense of the ice when I stuck my ax and crampons into it, and it felt good. Confident that I was safe, I put my full weight on it. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and a whole block of ice broke off the step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell
backward.___________________________________________________ ___________________
___________________________________________________________ _____________
As Mel made her way down, I yelled for
help._______________________________________________________ ____
答案
CD DCAB ABDC BDCAA
ADBGE
BACBD ADABC ADCBB
oldest; to; Constructed; dynasties; to feed; which; a; has played; dating; fully。