2019新外研版高中英语必修二：Unit 6 核心素养提能练

核心素养提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
About 97% of the world’s water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas.But，as we can’t drink sea water，how can it be important?
Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths.Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food.These simple plants called algae(海藻)drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen.In fact，the algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe.How important seawater is!
Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain.The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals，which are in turn consumed by larger animals.These food chains are delicately balanced.
The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man.People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn’t matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food.But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.
Thankfully，the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats.Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution.Finally，the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people.This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future.We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet.How important sea water is!
1．People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea .
A．wouldn’t harm the fish in the sea
B．would change the balance of the food chain
C．would be broken down in the sea
D．wouldn’t do much harm to the sea
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句可知，过去人类认为将垃圾倒入大海不会对大海造成破坏。

2．From the passage，we learn that .
A．most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas
B．it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain
C．excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocks
D．it won’t be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段最后两句可知，过去人们觉得过度捕捞鱼类无关紧要，现在人类已经认识到原先的做法是不正确的，而且鱼类资源已经开始减少，可知过度的捕捞造成了这一结果。

3．Which of the following is NOT a way used to protect oceans?
A．The use of international agreements.
B．Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.
C．The use of new techniques.
D．Raising people’s awareness of the need to protect oceans.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句可知，很多国家限制鱼类的捕捞，而不是禁止，故
B项不正确。

4．What would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Importance of Seawater
B．Life in the Oceans
C．How to Protect Food Chains
D．How to Deal with Seawater Pollution
答案 A
解析标题归纳题。

通读全文尤其是第二段最后一句“How important seawater is！”和最后一段末句可知，本文讲述的是海水的重要性。

故A项作本文标题最佳。

Ⅱ.补全写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，
surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者的) position is gaining some grounds. 请根据括号里的汉语提示，补全短文。

5．People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin(人们对于我们皮肤上的污物有不同的看法)．(要点1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France and England，believed that 6.dirt protected people from getting ill(污物保护人们不生病)．(要点2)However,7.people began to change their attitudes to dirt(人们开始改变对污物的态度)about 200 years ago.(要点3)People have been told that 8.washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy(洗去身体上的污物能使我们保持健康)．(要点4)Nevertheless，some scientists believe that 9.exposure to some dirt may help strengthen our immune system(暴露于污物中可能会帮助增强我们的免疫系统)．(要点5)。