2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：82

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The material support and advisory services offered by these projects ______ the will of the poor to help themselves and enable them to lead self-sufficient lives.
问题1选项
A.prolong
B.enforce
C.reinforce
rm
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项prolong “延长；拖延”；B选项enforce “实施，执行；强迫，强制”；C选项reinforce “加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项inform “通知；告诉；报告”。

句意：这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务……了穷人自助的意愿，使他们能够过上自给自足的生活。

根据The material support and advisory services by these projects（这些项目提供的物质支持和咨询服务）可推测这些项目对……来说是有利的，A选项不符合题意，可排除。

B选项含贬义也可排除。

D选项不符合题意，可排除。

结合句意，C选项正确。

2.
单选题
The historic meeting of the presidents of these two countries will greatly promote ___ relationship and cooperation at all levels.
问题1选项
A.bilateral
B.benign
C.significant
D.fundamental
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项bilateral “双边的；有两边的”；B选项benign “良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的”；C选项significant “重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的”；D选项fundamental “基本的，根本的”。

句意：两国元首的历史性会晤将有力地推动双边的关系和各层次合作。

结合句意，A为正确答案。

3.
单选题
Comic art can be, and often is, deadly serious, at which point it is ___difficult to categorize it.
问题1选项
A.awfully
B.indicatively
C.crucially
D.ultimately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

A选项awfully “可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B选项indicatively “指示地，表示地；象征地；陈述地”；C选项crucially “关键地；至关重要地”；D选项ultimately “最后；根本；基本上”。

句意：喜剧艺术可以是，而且往往是极度的严肃，在这一点上很难对它进行分类。

结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

4.
单选题
Sometimes it has been argued that the evolution was ___ and more recently still it has been argued that no evolution in either direction took place.
问题1选项
A.on the other hand
B.the other way round
C.on the grounds
D.the other way about
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组。

A选项on the other hand “另一方面”；B选项the other way round “相反”；C选项on the grounds “是基于事实的”；D选项the other way about “相反地，以相反方式”。

句意：有时人们争论说进化是基于事实的，而最近人们还争论说没有朝任何一个方向发生进化。

结合句意判断出C选项正确。

5.
单选题
By being over-zealous with food restriction, the dieter inadvertently makes a binge on forbidden foods far more likely and you may as well forget the idea of banning things.
问题1选项
A.may properly
B.had better
C.should surely
D.may probably
【答案】B
【解析】A选项may properly “适当地”；B选项had better “最好”；C选项should surely “应该”；D选项may probably “也许可能”。

句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。

结合此处关键词may as well “最好”，得知B为正确答案。

6.
单选题
Food subsidies are necessary for keeping down the price of dairy products and bread.
问题1选项
A.controls
B.aids
C.accumulations
D.transformations
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项controls“控制；控制装置”；B选项aids“艾滋病”；C选项accumulations“积聚，累积；堆积物”；D选项transformations“转变”。

句意：食品补贴对于压低乳制品和面包的价格是必要的。

结合此处关键短语keeping down the price（压低价格），得知A选项正确。

7.
单选题
Diet-related diseases also cost society in terms of decreased work productivity, increased absenteeism, poorer school performance, and reduced fitness on the part of military ______, among other negative effects.
问题1选项
A.recruits
B.reengineering
C.weapon
D.scene
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项reengineering “企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon “武器，兵器”；D选项scene “场面；情景；景象；事件”。

句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下降、旷工增多、学习成绩差、……身体素质下降等。

根据military（军队）以及fitness（身体素质）可推测空白处应该填“人”的单词，因此B、C、D 选项都可排除。

A选项recruits（新兵）符合，结合句意，A选项为正确答案。

8.
单选题
That country is disturbed at the developments which seem unfavorable to its interests.
问题1选项
A.adverse
B.adherent
C.controversial
D.disagreeable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项adverse“不利的；相反的”；B选项adherent “粘着的；遵守的”；C选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；D选项disagreeable“不愉快的；厌恶的；不为人喜的”。

句意：那个国家对似乎不利于其利益的事态发展感到不安。

A选项adverse（不利的）最符合题意，B， C， D选项都可排除。

结合句意，A选项正确。

9.
单选题Truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out, that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted. But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25%-50%, as has so often been predicteD.And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient — associated with the early phases of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution — the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming — does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.
Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and three factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be a wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.
Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass mediA.They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: "Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever". The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.
The third factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.
1. The first paragraph intends to show that ___.
2. The facts and figures provided in paragraph two suggest that ___.
3. In paragraph four, the writer expresses his concerns about ___.
4. The writer quotes from the World Wide Fund for Nature to illustrate how___.
5. What is the writer's view of America's waste problem?
问题1选项
A.the environment is getting worse and worse
B.the environment problems involve many aspects
C.the writer does not agree with the statements
D.the writer draws a picture of environment problems
问题2选项
A.there is a mismatch between our understanding and reality
B.the book The Limits to Growth is valuable
C.there is a need to conduct a survey and correct the figures
D.economic growth can help alleviate environment problems
问题3选项
A.the need to produce results
B.the lack of financial support
C.the problem of scientific research
D.the desire to solve all problems
问题4选项
A.influential the mass media can be
B.effective environmental movements can be
C.the mass media can help environmental groups raise funds
D.environmental activists can exaggerate their claims
问题5选项
A.It will get worse as America's population increases
B.It is not as serious as has been assumed to be
C.It is caused by poor people's conception
D.It is ignored because USA is large in size
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.推理判断题。

由题干可以定位到原文第一段“They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out, that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.” 中文翻译为：他们列出了我们主要担心的一系列问题：自然资源正在枯竭，人口不断增长，留下越来越少的食物；物种正在大量地灭绝，地球的空气和水正变得越来越污染。

因此答案为B选项：环境问题涉及很多方面。

2.推理判断题。

由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“And finally, most forms of env ironmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient — associated with the early phases of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it.” 中文翻译为：最后，大多数形式的环境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暂时的——与工业化的早期阶段有关，因此最好的解决办法不是限制经济增长，而是加速经济增长。

可知D项“经济增长有助于缓解环境问题”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

由题干可以定位到文章第四段“One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be a wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.” 中文翻译为：一是科学研究固有的不平衡。

科学基金主要用于有很多问题的领域。

这或许是一项明智的政策，但它也会给人留下这样一种印象，即存在的潜在问题要比实际情况多得多。

因此，C选项“科学研究问题”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。

根据题干定位到原文第五段“Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: "Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever". Th e truth turns out to be nearer 20%.”，中文翻译为：其次，环保组织需要被大众媒体关注。

他们还需要让资金源源不断地流入。

或许可以理解，他们有时会夸大自己的论点。

例如，1997年，世界自然基金会发表了一份题为“世界森林的三分之二永远消失”的新闻稿。

事实是接近20%。

故D选项“环保人士可能会夸大他们的说法”最符合题意。

5.推理判断题。

根据题干可以定位到尾段“The third factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.” 中文翻译为：第三个因素是个体知觉差。

人
们担心，每个人都扔掉的东西的数量无止境的增加，将导致世界耗尽处理垃圾的地方。

然而，即使美国的
垃圾产量像过去一样继续增长，即使美国人口到2100年翻一番，美国在整个21世纪所产生的垃圾仍只占美国国土面积的1 / 12000。

可以得知B项“它不像人们认为的那样严重”最符合。

10.
单选题
The examination question totally perplexed her.
问题1选项
A.fascinated
B.confused
C.enlightened
D.saddened
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。

句意：考题把她完全难住了。

结合此处关键词 question（问题），得知B选项正确。

11.
单选题
All the new knowledge which Dr. Smith has explained and provided is at length developed and established.
问题1选项
A.surely
B.eventually
C.precisely
D.consequently
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

A选项surely “当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项eventually “最后，终于”；C选项precisely “精确地；恰恰”；D选项consequently “因此；结果；所以”。

句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。

结合此处关键词at length “终究；终归；最终”，得知B为正确答案。

12.
单选题
Three labour economists suggest that effort at work is correlated with race. After rejecting a number of 1 explanations for why this might be, they finally 2 the discrepancy to unexplained “cultural differences”. Acutely 3 of the sensitivity of these findings, they delayed publication until after the 4 election. The paper may yet be 5 on by those who are keen to root out “political correctness” and are unhappy with current anti-discrimination laws. The study’s method is straightforwarD.The data come from nearly 36,000 “daily diaries”, self-reporting on how Americans spent their working hours, 6 from 2003 to 2012. Relying on the 7 that workers are equally honest in admitting sloth, the authors calculate the fraction of time spent not working while on the job-spent-relaxing or eating, say- and find that it varies by race to a small but 8 significant degree. The gap remains, albeit in weaker form, even with the addition of extensive controls for geography, 9 and union status, among others. Non-white male workers spend an 10 1.1% of the day not working while on the job, or an extra five minutes per day.
问题1选项
A.excusable
B.plausible
C.rational
D.accountable
问题2选项
A.subscribe
B.confer
C.due
D.attribute
问题3选项
A.aware
B.conscious
C.knowing
D.ignorant
问题4选项
A.president
B.presidency
C.presidential
D.presiding
问题5选项
A.attacked
B.seized
C.criticized
D.pin-downed 问题6选项
A.responded
B.documented
C.gathered
D.collected
问题7选项
A.assumption
B.resumption
C.thesis
D.hypothesis
问题8选项
A.datum
B.statistic
C.presumably
D.statistically
问题9选项
A.industry
B.province
C.faculty
D.discrepancy
问题10选项
A.adding
B.additional
C.deduction
D.induction
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
第6题:D
第7题:A
第8题:D
第9题:A
第10题:B
【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项excusable“可原谅的；可辩解的；可免除的”；B选项plausible“看似可信的；花言巧语的，巧言令色的”；C选项rational“合理的；理性的”；D选项accountable“有责任的；有解释义务的”。

根据上下文，以及关键字explanations（解释），可推测经济学家拒绝了许多合理的解释，由此可推测C选项正确。

2.考查动词词义辨析。

A选项subscribe“签署；赞成；捐助”；B选项confer “授予；给予”；C选项due to“由于；应归于”；D选项attribute“归属；把……归于”。

根据上下文，以及关键字discrepancy“矛盾”，可排除A、B选项，C选项due不能作为动词使用，也可排除。

由此D选项正确。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项aware“意识到的；知道的”；B选项conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；C选项knowing“明知的，故意的；认知的”；D选项ignorant“无知的；愚昧的”。

根据关键字sensitivity（敏感性）判断出这几位科学家意识到这类发现有“敏感性”，以及后文they delayed publication（他们推迟出版）可排除C、D选项，B选项conscious（指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动）因此也可排除，A选项aware（侧重感知，多与of连用），因此A选项正确。

4.考查近义词词义辨析。

A选项president “总统；董事长；校长”；B选项presidency “总统（或董事长、会长、大学校长等）的职位（任期）”；C选项presidential“总统的；首长的；统辖”；D选项presiding“主持；担任（会议）主席”。

根据关键词the…election （选举）可排除D选项，B选项presidency（总统的职位）强调职位，也可排除，A选项president（总统）为名词，也可排除，中文翻译为：直到总统选举结束。

判断出此处C选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。

A选项attacked “攻击；侵害”；B选项seized“逮住；咬住”；C选项criticized“批评”；D选项 pin-downed“发现，查明；确定；使受约束”。

句意：这份报告可能会被那些热衷于根除“政治正确性”并对现行反歧视法不满的人所利用。

判断出B选项正确。

6.考查动词词义辨析。

A选项responded“回答，回报；反应”；B选项documented “记录”；C选项gathered“聚集”；D选项collected“收藏；聚集；聚积”。

句意：他的数据来自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日记”，这些日记是关于美国人如何度过工作时间的。

根据关键词data（数据），A选项可排除。

B选项，文中不是他本人所记录的，也可排除。

C选项“gathered”，表示由少到多的收集，不符合题意，可排除。

D选项“collect”表示有目的或有挑选的收集，可知D选项正确。

7.考查名词词义辨析。

A选项assumption“假定；设想；担任”；B选项resumption“恢复；重新开始；取回；重获”；C选项thesis“论文；论点”；D选项hypothesis“（凭空的）猜想”。

根据下文workers are equally honest in admitting sloth（工人们同样坦诚地承认自己懒惰）可排除B、C选项。

D选项hypothesis（凭空的）猜想也可排除，可知A选项正确。

8.考查词义辨析。

A选项datum“数据，资料；基准点”；B选项statistic“统计资料；统计学”；C选项presumably“大概；推测起来；可假定”；D选项statistically“统计地；统计学上”。

根据关键词significant（有意义的）可知前面应填副词，可排除A、B选项，C选项与文中significant不匹配，因此D选项正确。

9.考查名词词义辨析。

A选项industry“产业；工业；勤勉”；B选项province“省；领域；职权”；C 选项faculty“科，系；能力”；D选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”。

根据关键词geography（地理）以及union status（工会地位）可推测，中间应填一个与其意思相近的名词，根据上下文，可知A选项正确。

10.考查词义辨析。

A选项adding“增加”；B选项additional“附加的，额外的”；C选项deduction“扣除，减除；推论”；D选项induction“感应；归纳法；感应现象”。

根据关键词“an”可排除C选项，根据1.1%可知应填形容词进行修饰，因此可排除A、D选项。

可知B选项正确。

13.
单选题
Susan Teller traveled and lectured throughout the country to ___ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.
问题1选项
A.advocate
B.acquire
C.proclaim
D.prosecute
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项advocate “提倡，拥护；为……辩护”；B选项acquire “获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项procl aim “宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项prosecute “检
举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。

句意：苏珊•泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬
教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。

根据句意，C选项正确。

14.
单选题
It is a classic case of the bored-housewife syndrome — doing nothing all day but drink and go shopping.
问题1选项
A.hindrance
B.synthesis
C.system
D.symptoms or signs to form a recognizable pattern
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项hindrance “障碍；妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”；B选项synthesis “综合，[化学] 合成；综合体”；C选项system “制度，体制；系统；方法”；D选项 symptoms or signs to form a recognizable pattern “形成可识别模式的症状或体征”。

句意：这是一个典型的无聊家庭主妇综合症——整天无所事事，只喝酒和购物。

结合此处关键词syndrome “[临床] 综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位”，得知B选项正确。

15.
单选题
We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are ___.
问题1选项
A.moral
B.fierce
C.fatal
D.mortal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项moral “道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce “凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal “致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项 mortal “凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。

句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。

故选D。