新概念英语第四册课后习题答案

新概念英语第四册课后习题答案
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新概念4 笔记
Unit 1 Finding fossil man
一、重点单词解释
1、recount：v.叙述
注意读音，重音在后。

英语中有“名前动后”之说，重音在前是名词，重音在后是动词。

例如：record
recount：emotionless
describe：a little emotional
depict：同上
narrate：temporal & spacial 时间和空间顺序 narrative
portray：像画肖像一样地描述，最强烈
2、anthropologist：人类学家
注意构词：anthrop = 人
philosopher ＝ philo ＋ sopher ＝爱＋智慧＝哲学家
philanthropist ＝ phil ＋ anthrop ＝爱＋人＝慈善家
anthropology 人类学
3、ancestor：祖先
同义词：forefather，forebear
4、flint ：燧石，打火石
flinting heart 心太硬，残忍无比、歹毒
近义词：cobble鹅卵石
Don't act as you were the only pebble on the beach. 不要太自以为是
5、rot ：腐烂
Leave me rot. =Leave me alone.
Rot to death. 自生自灭。

Soon ripe, soon rotten. 早慧早衰。

He is rotton to core. 他坏透顶了。

同义词：decay；
decompose：分解；
deteriorate：关系恶化（同学们自己查查它的读音）
6、trace：痕迹
trace the problem. 用作动词，跟踪，找到毛病的根源
I follow your trace ＝I follow wherever you go
二、课文重点难点分析
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.
1、read of 读到
相似用法：谈到speak of、 talk of、了解到know of 、听说过hear of 2、知识点：Near East：Mediterranean,South Europe,North Africa
Middle East：West Asia
Far East：Chian,Japan,Korea
3、where 从句是非限制性从句表原因：我们能够....,因为那里的人们首先学会了书写。

4、补充练习：翻译－口语早于书面语出现
翻译一：Oral（spoken）language is earlier than written language.
翻译二：Oral（spoken）language is earlier than written counterpart.
同学们自己查字典学习－counterpart 这个词
two things or two people have the same position The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.
5、preserve 保留、保存、腌制（preserved vegetables腌菜）
6、本句结构是：The only way... is to recount....（主、系、表结构）
如果句子中有only ，那么后面跟的表语结构要用 to do sth. 不能用doing sth.
7、handed down 定语＝legends where are handed down
8、story-teller讲故事的人 fortune-teller、palmreader 算命先生
These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did.
9、migration：移民
注意几个相关词汇：
migrant bird：侯鸟
immigrant：移民（移入）
emigrant：移民（移出）
同学们仔细体会这几个词的差异，因为我知道很多同学学英语，打算出国留学、办移民，所以这几个词将来会经常用到。

10、none ＝ no body
Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples(民族) now living in the Pacific Islands came from.
11、Polynesian peoples：people＋s 复数表示民族。

But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago
that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten.
12、重要句型：if they had any 插入语表示强调-‘即便是有’
His relatives, if he had (any), never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.
So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first ''modern men'' came from.
13、neither：读音,英音[ ai ],美音[ i: ] 还有either 这个词
14、find 与 find out 的区别：find out 指千方百计、费尽周折后找到=explore
15、modern men ＝ who were like ourselves
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone...
16、知识点：表示转折的连接词－however、but、yet
规律：but、yet 不要加任何标点，only at the beginning of sentence howerver : 放在anywhere you want，加逗号
therefore 和 so 的用法同上，therefore可以放任何地方；so只在句首
17、tool小工具 instrument实验器械 equipment设备
18、may have 表推测
They may also have used wood and skins ...
19、peel果皮 leather皮革 hide兽皮 cowhide牛皮
Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
20、without (any) trace
I run after the thief, but he turned the corner and disappeared without trace.
?Lesson?2: Spare?that?spider
New words and expressions 生词短语
flocks and herds 牛群和羊群
?? ／flCk/ the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分????????????? you are the same flock.也可指人
?? herd多指牛群cowherdcowboythrong and crowd swarm
owe /[U/ vt.感激欠I owe you. I owe you a big favor. 欠issue
???? obligeindebt appreciate----常用口语词正式：gratefulthankful
?????????????????? creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性．
fraction / ＇frAkF[n/ n.小部分分数，小数a fraction of rice will suffice ?????????? on one＇s behalf 代表．．．利益
I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好on behalf of somebody /something
e.g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of ＝represent
authority /C:＇WCriti/ n.权威authorize批准authoritative权威性的authoritarian独裁的－tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者dictatorial独裁的
authorities １．权威（可单数可复数）２．当局（复数）
census /sens[s/ n.统计数据the fifth national population census.censor审查????????????????????? censorious 挑剔的，挑刺的
acre /＇eik[/ n.英亩１acre＝４０４７square meters
football pitch 足球场football yardfootball court football field
be content with 满足于满足作表语，不能出现定语结构
He is content with status quo.contented heart :心满意足的人
spare /spZ[/ v. 不伤害，宽恕spare meHe doesn’t spare himself.
I spare no efforts to learn english.( spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么)
Notes on the text 课文注释
why, you may wonder－you may wonder why插入语先不管插入语，弄清句子结构you may wonder why spiders should be our friends？插入语位置不固定
why以疑问句开头
why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings.
why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.
destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光
tear into pieces
greatest enemies:天敌dying enemycrying enemy
human race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词
impossible 和possible 永远不要以人开头
It is impossible for somebody to do something.
likely可以以人做主语。

i am likely to go. probable 也不以人做主语they would表示假设
devour狼吞虎咽devour the food
make a cake of myself make a god of myself
devour the book
it虚拟语气前面是主句，下面是条件句
前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时
If it were not for:如果这不是因为
I would not survive if it were not for his timely help.
but for 一定是虚拟语气＝if it were not for
owe感激，欠i owe you.
引出主题all of them put together:把他们堆到一起
destroyed 后置定语，重心转到spider 谓语动词是kill
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man
New words and expressions 生词短语
1、alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山运动员
词根：alp-
climber mountaineer
Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/ v．到达
to arrive at/in
to attain one’s goal=realize
attain youth 永葆青春
to attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点
attainment (n) attainments 成就accomplishment
3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危险的peril
（随时可能出现的）危险
avalanche 雪崩
4、shudder (1.5)/'M)d+/ v．不寒而栗
shudder:quick and sudden
tremble:long and very obvious
5、go out of one’s way
专门by the way 顺路too much for me 受不起
6、court （multiple meanings 多义词）
朝廷朝臣courtier
courteous 彬彬有礼的
法庭
娱乐场足球场soccer/football court 高尔夫球场golf court 追求
招致骄兵必败pride courts failure
sol-独
solo 独唱
独奏
7、solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的
I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.
8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/ v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者
9、impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使贫困
poor（口语词）
complete
罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.
许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。

10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的
coarse throat 嗓子哑
sore throat
coarse fare
嗓子发炎
粗粮
refined fair 细粮
coarse and refined
in a coarse manner 粗暴无礼
用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有
11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有
He boasted that of his knowledge.
The center boasts a team of high qualify(qualified researchers.)
12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民
13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人
14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亚麻布床单
羊herd
兽群
sheep shep
Notes on the text 课文注释
1、Route 路线Road道路
2、good sports :stimulus 刺激thrilling 震撼、兴奋
3、regardregard sb with sth(感情词love \hatred\horror\respect)
??? Dad, I regard you with horror.爸爸，我很害怕你。

4、pineering days, ancient (先人时期)
5、not at all 根本不case 这回事
6、be doing 表达当时的行动（状态）
7、top:顶点summit 山顶peak 山顶
??? The scenery is at the peak of the mountain.无限风光在险峰。

??? I am at the top of the world.我在世界之巅。

Summit meeting 峰会
8、attain 到达conquer 征服
9、be of the most perilous naturenature 特点、特性
??? the most perilous difficulties and dangers
??? 学会be of the + adj+noun 结构He is the kindest man. =He is the man of the kind est man.
10、equipped 表示当时的一种伴随。

11、in a manner 以这样的方式
12、make sb do sth (省to 结构)
13、at the thought 一想到，mention 一提到,idea 一想到
?????? 这个结构后面加介词of 原文即at the thought of their poor equipment
14、go out of one’s way 刻意intentionally eye catching 引人注目的
15、the real living conditions 真实生存状况
16、nowadays 插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末
17、except for 把其中的一部分扣除
18、tend to be 倾向于
19、settlement 生存地、驻扎地
20、cut off=which are cut off
21、flea ridden 跳蚤
22、as they were 可以这么说，插入语还有as it were
??? This book is , as it were, his life portrait.这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。

23、local 当地的
24、wine 低度酒alcohol 酒精alcoholic 酒鬼
25、boast 拥有priest 牧师shepherd 牧羊人invariably=all the same
26、dirt and poverty，and very uncomfortable （结构不符合习惯，不可学）
27、course 一道菜
28、must have been 表推测
29、be accustomed to ,be used to + 名词、动名词
??? I am used to the life in Bejing.I am used to living in Bejing.
30、早餐：scratch a meal 中午餐：snack 快餐晚餐：dinner
31、the change to
Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life.
教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。