水轮机专用中英文对照

水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机的专用中英文对照术语及简单名称解释
2一般术语
2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery
2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine
2.3 蓄能泵storage pump
2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine
2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation
2.6 机组unit
2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit
2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery
2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery
2.16主阀main valve
3.1水轮机
3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine
3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine
3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine
3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine
3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine
3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine
3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine
3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine
3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine
3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit
3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine（S－type turbine）
3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine
3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine
3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine
3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine
3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine
3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine
3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine
3.2蓄能泵
3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump
3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump
3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump
3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump
3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）
3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine
3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine
3.4主阀与阀门
3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve
3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve
3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate
3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve
3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve
3.4.6 针形阀needle valve
3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve
3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve
4结构部件
4.1混流式水轮机
4.1.1埋入部件embedded component
4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume
4.1.3蜗壳spiral case
4.1.4座环stay ring
4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane
4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose
4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring
4.1.8 尾水管draft tube
4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube
4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube
4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone
4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow
4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part
4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier
4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner
4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner
4.1.17导水机构distributor
4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover
4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover
4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate
4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring
4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever
4.1.23 分半键split key
4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link
4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device 4.1.26 剪断销shear pin
4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device
4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing
4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing
4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal
4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal
4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal
4.1.33 抗磨板facing plates，wear plates
4.1.34 导叶限位块guide vane stop block
4.1.35 导叶接力器guide vane servomotor
4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor
4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod
4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft
4.1.39 均压管balance pipe
4.1.40 转动部件rotating component
4.1.41 转轮runner
4.1.42 叶片blade
4.1.43 上冠crown
4.1.44 下环band
4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone
4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal
4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring
4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring
4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate
4.1.50 主轴main shaft
4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing
4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar
4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe
4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing
4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal
4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal
4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt
4.2 轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。

4.2.1 转轮室runner chamber
4.2.2 内顶盖（支持盖）inner head cover，inner top cover
4.2.3 转轮体runner hub
4.2.4 转叶机构mechanism of runner blade
4.2.5 叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion
4.2.6 转臂(导叶臂) rocker arm
4.2.7 连杆link
4.2.8 操作架crosshead
4.2.9 转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor
4.2.10 协联装置combination device
4.2.11 受油器oil head
4.5 蓄能泵
4.5.1 吸水管suction tube
4.5.2 叶轮impeller
4.5.3 轮叶impeller blade，impeller vane
4.5.4 叶轮后盖impeller back shroud
4.5.5 叶轮前盖impeller front shroud
4.5.6 蜗室spiral housing
4.5.7 扩散管diffuser
5性能参数
5.1比能
5.1.1 比能specific energy
单位质量流体所具有的机械能，是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。

5.1.2位置比能potential energy
5.1.3 压力比能pressure energy
5.1.4 速度比能velocity energy
5.2 水头
5.2.1 位置水头potential head
5.2.2 压力水头pressure head
5.2.3 速度水头velocity head
5.2.4 总水头head
5.2.5 毛水头gross head
5.2.6 净水头net head
5.2.7 额定水头rated head
5.2.8 设计水头design head
5.2.9 最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head
5.2.10 加权平均水头weighted average head
5.2.11 蓄能泵扬程storage pump head
5.2.12 蓄能泵零流量扬程no-discharge head of storage pump
5.2.13 蓄能泵最大（最小）扬程maximum（minimum）head of storage pump
5.3 流量
5.3.1 水轮机流量turbine discharge，turbine flow rate
5.3.2 蓄能泵流量storage pump discharge，storage pump flow rate
5.3.3 额定流量rated discharge
5.3.4 水轮机空载流量no-load discharge of turbine
5.3.5 蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum（minmum）storage pump discharge
5.4 转速
5.4.1 额定转速rated speed
5.4.2 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of surbine
5.4.3 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］反向飞逸转速reverse runaway speed of storage pump 5.5 压力
5.5.1 表计压力（简称为压力）gauge pressure
5.5.2 环境压力（或大气压）atmpspheric pressure
5.5.3 绝对压力absolute pressure
5.5.4 汽化压力vapour pressure
5.6 功率
5.6.1 水轮机输入功率turbine input power
5.6.2 水轮机输出功率turbine output power
5.6.3 水轮机额定输出功率rated output power of turbine
5.6.4 蓄能泵的输出功率storage pump output power
5.6.5 蓄能泵的输入功率storage pump input power
5.6.6 蓄能泵最大输入功率rated input power of storage pump
5.6.7 蓄能泵零流量功率no-discharge input power of storage pump
5.6.8 蓄能泵最小输入功率minimum input power of storage pump
5.6.9 转轮输出功率output power of runner
5.6.10 叶轮输入功率input power of impeller
5.6.11 转轮输入功率input power of runner
5.6.12 叶轮输出功率output power of impeller
5.7 效率
5.7.1 效率efficiency
5.7.2 水轮机机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine
5.7.3 蓄能泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of storage pump
5.7.4 水轮机水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine
5.7.5 蓄能泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of storage pump
5.7.6 相对效率relative efficiency
5.7.7 加权（算术）平均效率weighted（arithmetic）average efficiency
5.7.8 积分平均效率planimetric average efficiency
5.8 空化和空蚀
5.8.1 空化cavitation
5.8.2 空蚀cavitation erosion
5.8.3 水轮机空化系数cavitation factor of turbine，cavitation coefficient of turbine
5.8.4 蓄能泵空化系数cavitation factor of storage pump，cavitation coefficient of storage pump
5.8.5 临界空化系数critical cavitation factor
5.8.6 初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor，cavitation inception factor，initial cavitation factor
5.8.7 电站空化系数plant cavitation factor
5.8.8 吸出高度static suction of turbine
5.8.9 吸入高度static suction of storage pump
5.8.10 蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suction head loss of storage pump
5.8.11 蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵净吸上扬程）net positive suction head of storage pump
5.8.12 安装高程setting elevation
5.8.13 空化裕量cavitation margin
5.9 暂态过程
5.9.1 过渡过程transient
5.9.2 调节保证regulating guarantee
5.9.3 水锤water hammer
5.9.4 初始压力initial pressure
5.9.5 水轮机最大瞬态压力maximum momentary pressure of turbine
5.9.6 瞬态压力变化率momentary pressure variation ratio
5.9.7 初始转速initial speed
5.9.8 水轮机最大瞬态转速maximum momentary overspeed of turbine
5.9.9 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的最大瞬态反向转速momentary counterrotation speed of storage pump［pump-condition of pump-turbine］
5.9.10 瞬态转速变化率momentary speed variation ratio
6 渗道参数
6.1 转轮（叶轮）公称直径runner（impeller）diameter
6.2 叶片开口blade opening
6.3 叶片正（背）面pressure（suction）side of blade
6.4 叶片进（出）水边leading（trailing）edge
6.5 叶片转角blade rotating angle
6.6 叶片倾角blade tilt angle
6.7 叶片安放角blade angle
6.8 蜗壳包角nose angle
6.9 导叶高度guide vane height
6.13 肘形尾水管深度depth of elbow draft tube
6.14 节圆直径pitch diameter
6.15射流直径jet diameter
6.16射流直径比jet ratio
6.17 射流入射角jet inclined angle
6.18 射流椭圆ellipsed of inclined jet（when reaching the wheel vane）
7 试验方面
7.1试验类型
7.1.1 原型（机）proto type
7.1.2 模型（机）model
7.1.3 验收试验acceptance test
7.1.4 装配试验assembly test
7.1.5 模型试验model test
7.1.6 性能试验performance test
7.1.7 特性试验characteristic test
7.1.8 飞逸试验runaway speed test
7.1.9 力特性试验force characteristic test
7.1.10 负载试验load test
7.1.11 甩负荷试验load rejection test
7.1.12 耐压试验pressure test
7.1.13 效率试验efficiency test
7.1.14 空化试验cavitation test
7.1.15 压力脉动试验pressure fluctuation test
7.1.16 补气试验air admission test
7.1.17 水轮机功率试验turbine output test
7.2 运行工况
7.2.1 （运行）工况operating condition
7.2.2 最优工况optimum operating condition
7.2.3 飞逸工况runaway speed operating condition
7.2.4 空载工况no-load operating condition
7.2.5 相似工况similar operating condition
7.2.6 协联工况combined condition
7.3 力特性
7.3.1 力特性force character
7.3.2 导叶力特性guide vane force character
7.3.3 叶片力特性blade force character
7.3.4 水推力hydraulic thrust
7.3.5 径向力radial force，lateral force
7.4 单位量
7.4.1 单位转速unit speed
7.4.2 单位流量unit discharge
7.4.3 单位功率unit power
7.4.4 单位飞逸转速unit runaway speed
7.4.5 单位水推力unit hydraulic thrust
7.4.6 单位水力矩unit hydraulic torque
7.4.7 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine
7.4.8 蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的流量比转速discharge specific speed of storage pump 7.4.9 最优比转速optimum specific speed
7.4.10 （水轮机）压力脉动（turbine）pressure fluctuation
7.5 特性曲线
7.5.1 （水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve 7.5.2 （水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curve
7.5.3 飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve
7.5.4 水泵水轮机全特性complete characteristics of pump-turbine。