chapter 16 agreement ppt

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morning.
More trees than one are planted on the top of that hill every year.
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4、数词和表示时间、度量衡、温度、金钱等名词作主语
1)在表示数学运算的句子中,两数相除或者相减,动词用单数;两数相加或相乘时, 谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。例如:
thebutchers商肉商isatthecornerofthestreet7成双成对的事物作主语时谓语用复数由两部分组成的物品或成双成对的事物作主语时如不带一把一条等单位词时谓语动词通常用复数形式常见词汇有
Chapter 16
Chapter 16 一致关系 Agreement
1. 主谓一致 2. 由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致
当every one,no one,either,neither,another,the other或者anything, nothing , everything , everybody 等不定代词作句子主语时,谓语动词要使 用单数形式。例如: Many a man has done his duty. Each goodly thing is hard to begin.万事开头难。
Eagles fly alone, but sheep flock together.
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16.1 4 、复数专有名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式 若复数形式的专有名词表示国名、书名等的名称,并且在句子中作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数形式,常见词汇有:rickets软骨病,arthritis关节炎 ,
physics , mechanics 力学 , statistics 统计学 , tactics 战术 , the Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布 ,the Himalayas喜马拉雅山等。例如:
committee , class , crew , family , public , navy , staff , union等。例如:
The audience was/were very enthusiastic热情的 on the opening
ceremony.
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16.1 2 、只能表示复数的集合名词作主语 一些集合名词通常只有复数形式,相应的谓语动词也要用复数形式,常见 词汇有people,folk,police,cattle,youth等。例如: People often have different opinions on this subject. 3、单复数形式相同的名词作主语 一些名词的单复数形式相同,要根据上下文的内容来判断句子中的名词是 单数形式还是复数形式。常见词汇有 aircraft ,carp , Chinese ,Japanese , fish,deer,means,spacecraft,sheep等。例如:
式。注意and后面的名词不加定冠词the。例如:
His best friend and classmate is working at a travel agency. The market manager and sales representative经销代理 is making a schedule计
划 for himself in his office.
(3)如果and连接的两个名词都带有each,every,many a等限定词时,谓 语动词通常用单数形式。例如: Many a boy and many a girl gets along well with each other. Each boy and each girl likes the park because the源自文库 can breathe fresh air there.
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16.2 三、就近原则
4. or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...(就近原则)
1、 由or,nor,either...or,neither... nor,not only... but also等连接并列结
构作主语时,谓语动词通常采用“就近原则”,同与其相接近的那个主语保 持数的一致。例如:
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2 )both,a few,many,several等修饰主语时,谓语用复数。例如: 16.3
a (great) number of,both,a few,many,several等数量词后面只能加可数
名词的复数形式,此时谓语动词也只能用复数。例如: Both of the girls are studying in another country.
Tom’s trousers are new.
Her glasses were broken by her sister yesterday.
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8、由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致
1) and 连接名词作主语 (1) and连接两个名词在句中作主语,表示复数含义,此时谓语动词须用
复数形式。例如:
He and his mother are shopping in that supermarket. (2) 如果and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或事物,谓语动词则用单数形
3 ) 一些表示数量的固定短语后面只能跟可数名词 , 常见词汇主要有 a number of , a variety of,a group of等,此时谓语动词只能用复数形式。例如:
A group of people are buying film tickets standing in line.
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Neither my father nor I have been to London. 2、there be句型中的就近原则
在there be句型中,根据就近原则,be动词的数与其相邻主语保持一致。例如:
as well as,combined with 等并列连词连接句子的主语时,谓语应与这 些连词前面的主语保持数的一致。例如:
Tom, with his friends, is going to a beautiful park.
He, as well as you, knows that secret. Mr. Smith, together with his friends, have gone to the attractive place.
4 plus 2 is / are 6. How much is twenty divided by two?
2)分数或百分数加名词作主语,谓语动词与后面的名词保持数上的一致:当名词为可 数名词时,谓语用复数;当名词为不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
20% of the students have failed in the exam. Two fifths of the water was wasted in that factory.
• The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. • The duty of a doctor is to heal the wounded and the dying. •
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16.1 6、名词所有格作主语时谓语用单数 一些名词的所有格省略后面的名词,可指此名词所在的住所、店铺、工厂 等,作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式。例如: The butcher’s肉商 is at the corner of the street. 7、成双成对的事物作主语时,谓语用复数 由两部分组成的物品或成双成对的事物作主语时,如不带“一把”、“一 条”等单位词时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,常见词汇有:socks,trousers, glasses,shorts,suspenders吊裤带 ,scissors等。例如:
3. 代词以及限定词+名词作主语时与谓语的一致
4. 数词和表示时间、度量衡、温度、金钱等名词作主语 5. 分句、非谓语动词作主语 6. 名词和代词的一致 7. 平行结构的一致
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一致关系的概念及其原则
1、概念:一致关系就是各个成分之间在人称、性、数等方面保持一致的语法关系。
2、原则:必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 (1). 语法一致 主语为单数形式,动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,动词也用复数形式。如: The number of mistakes was surprising. 错误的数量很惊人。 (2). 意义一致 ①. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。如: My family are having supper now. 我们一家人现在正吃晚饭。 ②. 主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: Thirty dollars is too expensive for this dictionary. 这本词典30美元太贵了。 (3). 就近一致 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如:
There is a pen and some books on his shelf. The are some trees and a river on the foot of the mountain.
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3、代词以及限定词+名词作主语时与谓语的一致 1)意义一致原则 all,half,most,none,some等表示不确定数量的数量词加名词作主 语时,谓语动词的数与数词后面的名词保持一致。例如: All the students have been here. Half an hour is a short period of time.
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且学生也喜欢踢足球。
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16.1
一、 主谓一致
1. 一些集合名词作主语时谓语动词的变化 一些集合名词作主语时,表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示整 体中的个体时 ,谓语动词要用复数形式,常见词汇有: audience ,
Many rare species have died out for the pollution污染.
A few animals survived from the big fire. Several experts believe they are right.
3)no one,either等作主语时,谓语用单数。例如:
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16.2 2)由both...and...连接的主语,谓语用复数 both...and...连接名词作主语时,所连接名词无论是可数名词还是不可数名 词,其谓语动词都用复数形式。例如: Both John and Mary study Chinese.
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16.2 二、语法一致原则
用with,along with,besides,including,in addition to,together with,
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16.3 4)more than one/many a + 名词作主语 more than+复数名词或more +复数名词+than one作句子的主语时,谓语动 词须用复数形式。more than one,many a后面加单数名词,表示复数意义,
但谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
More than one tourist has a bad cold on their way to Ancient City. Many an order from England was given to this trade company. More than 30 retired workers take part in the activity every
The United Nations was founded after the Second World War.
Politics is an important subject in college school.
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5、the加形容词作主语时的主谓一致the加形容词可表示某一类人,作主 语时谓语动词要用复数形式;the加形容词还可表示某一类事物,在句 中作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
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