2019-2020学年重庆市天宝实验中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年重庆市天宝实验中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

No one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.

It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.

The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.

By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.

1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?

A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.

B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.

C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.

D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.

B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.

C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.

D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.

3. Why does the author write this passage?

A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.

B. To introduce the early history of printing.

C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.

D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.

B

In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell youthe meaning of their town or city, but most people who live inManchester,OxfordorBirminghamwould not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.

Two thousand years ago, most people living inBritainwere Celts. Even the word “Britain" is Celtic (凯尔特语).Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra". This is why there are so many place names inEnglandwhich end in "-chester" or “-caster"Manchester, for example.

The Romans never reachedWalesorScotland, and many placenames there are Celtic. For example,Welsh place names that begin with “Llan" come from the Celtic word for "church".

After the Romans leftBritain, it was attacked by the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is nowGermanyandHolland. The names of their villages often ended in “-ham" or “-ton". Some got their names from the leader of the village.SoBirminghamfor example, means "Beormund's village”

The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (village on a hill)——a good place to build a village and Moreton (“village by a lake”)where floods could make life hard. Place names that end in “-ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.

Finally, in 1066EnglandbecameNorman—theNormansgave us the place name "grange", which means farm.

And how aboutLondon? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants (居民). People once believed that theUnited Kingdom’s capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.

4. The origin of British place names is unfamiliar to many local people because of

A. the death of local languages

B. the long lost history of the names