名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句)讲解与练习

名词性从句〔宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句〕六大根本句型
1主系表句型----- be 〔连系动词do〕
2、主谓宾----- do〔vt〕
3、主谓----- do(vi)----(不及物动词)
4、主谓宾补----do(vt)
5、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 记双宾语的动词一定要记。

6、There be (不及物动词do)--------be (不及物动词)
宾语从句定义：在主谓宾句型的宾语的位置上把做为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。

可以用以下公式进展表示：主语+谓语+从句。

宾语从句的连词① that , ②whether(or not)或if; ③which(whichever),
who(whoever)，whom(whomever) ，whose(whosever)，what(whatever); ④
when(whenever)，where(wherever)，why，how(however); ⑤ how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon
宾语从句的形式：
1、主谓宾句型的宾语从句: 作为名词的宾语扩展成一个be句型或者do句型。

He knows the news
He knows that the teacher is in classroom
2、主谓宾宾---do(vt) 句型的宾语从句，把直接宾语变为一个be或do句型。

He tells me the news
He tells the news to me
He tells me that she is a teacher
He tells that she is a teacher to me
3、主谓宾补句型的宾语从句需要it来做形式宾语
I find Chinese important
主谓宾补
I find that we make a quick decision about this matter important
主谓宾语从句补
I find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter
主谓形式宾语补宾语从句
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
4、宾语从句的省略形式：
某些形容词后面可以带宾语从句，其形式为sb+be+形容词+that宾语从句：这一类形容词通常是表示人物的心理，情感等状态的形容词如：
sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised
a. I am glad (that) you helped me.
b、I am sure (that) you can pass the exam.
1、I am glad of your help.
2、I am sure about your exam.
分析：上面句子中介词后面所跟成分都做介词宾语。

我们完全可以将他们换成that+陈述句:
3、I am glad of that you helped me.
4、I am sure about that you can pass the exam.
从语法上讲，以上的构造都是正确的。

但是，由于这样表达过于啰嗦，所以我们可以将其简化，省去介词，由于它们是宾语从句，所以连同that也可以省掉，因此，这是一种省略形式的宾语从句。

表语从句
同样的道理，假如在主系表句型表语的位置上把表语变成一个be句型或者do句型，那么称为表语从句。

①The question is difficult -------_the question is how we make money .
主语系表主语系表语从句
②The question is difficult -------- the question is that she is a thief
主语系表语从句
③The question is difficult -----the question is that there is a thief in the room
主语系表语从句
④事实是因为每个人都要生活------ the fact is because everyone must live
小结：表语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，表语从句无需特别学习。

但要注意以下几点：
1、不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外〕。

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.〔错误〕
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.〔正确〕
2、that在表语从句中不可以省掉。

the question is that she is a thief
3、注意比拟That is because...〞句型与that is why….句型
“That is because...〞与“That is why...〞之间的不同在于“That is because...〞指原因或理由，“That is why...〞那么指由于各种原因所造成的后果。

例如：
1：He did not see the film last night.
That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
2、He had seen the film before.
That is why he did not see it last night.
(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)
4、当主语是reason, fact，idea等抽象名词时，表语从句的连接词应该用that.
①The reason is that he didn’t go to school
②The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed〞tomake us do so.
A when B. why C. whether D. that
③You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
主语从句
假如将主谓宾或主系表的主语扩展成为一个句子，称为主语从句：
①The question is difficult ----that she makes money is difficult
主语系表主语从句系表
----- it is difficult that she makes mon ey
形式主语系表真正的主语
It= that she makes money 主语从句的构造：it is….that…..
②the cat is a fact ----- that there is a cat in the room is a fact
主语从句
it is a fact that there is a cat in the room
形式主语系表真正主语
③he knows the news---- that he knows the news surprises me
It surprises me that he knows the news
小结：主语从句的引导词与宾语从句一样，规律与宾语从句一样，只不过称呼不同而已，因此掌握宾语从句以后，主语从句无需特别学习。

但需要注意两点：1,主语从句有形式主语it
2, 引导词if不能引导主语从句，只能用whether….(or not)
If 不能引导主语从句———他明天是否上学还不知道 if he will go to school is unclear (错误) it is unclear if he will go to school〔错误〕
Whether he will go to school is unclear It is unclear whether he will go to
school (正确)
3、以下几点需要注意：It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比拟
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句那么是对句子某一局部进展强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调局部指人是也可用who/whom。

例如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It was the football team and It had(who) helped the old man
4、(1) 主系表的主语从句形式it +系+表+从句
It is a fact that …事实是…
It is natural that…很自然…
(2)主谓宾的主语从句形式：it+谓语〔及物动词〕+宾语+从句
〔3〕主谓的主语从句形式：it +谓语〔不及物动词〕＋从句
It seems that…似乎…
It happened that…碰巧…
(4)主谓宾宾的主语从句形式：it +谓语+宾语+宾语+从句
(5)主谓宾补的主语从句形式：it +谓语+宾语+补语+从句
稳固练习
1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______
they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what
2. She'd like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
3. ---If you are admitted to a key university, _________ as a prize?
--- I'm looking for a cell phone.
A. What you expect your father will offer you
B. Do you expect what your father will offer you
C. What do you expect will your father offer you
D. What do you expect your father will offer you
4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. as
5. Generally speaking, ____ we have seen seems more believable than ____ we
have been told.
A. what; that
B. what; what
C. that; what
D. that; that
6. After three days' waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother's mind _______
the police could find her lost child.
A. how
B. that
C. where
D. whether
7. "Sustainable development" is a question _______ we can continue developing
the world without damaging the environment.
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. how
8. We'd like to do _______ we can _________ the poor.
A. how; help
B. all; to help
C. whatever; help
D. however; to help
9. My parents used ________they had to get a new car for my brother.
A. which
B. all what
C. what
D. 不填
10. She was so angry at all ______ he was doing ________ she stayed up all night.
A. that; that
B. that; which
C. what; that
D. what; as
11. After _________ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts.
A. there
B. which
C. what
D. that
12. Our school is no longer ______ it was 10 years ago, _______it was not wellequipped.
A. what; which
B. that; which
C. what; when
D. that; where
13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing ________we live
can we save the earth.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. where
14. Thinking that you know _________ in fact you don't is a serious mistake
A. what
B. that
C. when
D. however
15. Energy is _________ makes things work.
A. what
B. everything
C. something
D. anything
16. One of the men held the view __________the book said was right.
A. that what
B. what that
C. that
D. whether
17. I think that this meal was well worth ________ was charged for it.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. how many
18. Do you think the reason ________ he gave is believable?
A. for which
B. which
C. why
D. what
19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ________ other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders________ will happen to
her private life.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. this
21. The news has spread all over the country ________ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.
A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. what
22. You can choose ________ book you like among these.
A. no matter what
B. whatever
C. whose
D. whichever
23. Is this research center ________ we visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one
D. which
24. Loulan city is not at all _______a traveler who has never seen the desert before
can expect.
A. what
B. that C .which D. where
25. What the doctor is uncertain about is ______ my mother will recover from the
serious disease soon.
A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. why
26. We should buy our daughter a computer in ______ it can help to improve her English.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whom
27. I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests.
A. whomever
B. no matter who
C. whoever
D. anyone
28. Why don't you bring _______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it.
A. this
B. what
C. that
D. it
29. The task required _______ did it ______ careful and brave enough.
A. who; is
B. whom; was
C. whomever; were
D. whoever; be
30. We wrote a letter of thanks to _______ had helped us.
A. who
B. those
C. whom
D. whoever
31.--- What are you anxious about?
--- ___________.
A. Whether we can succeed
B. If we succeed
C. Do you succeed
D. That we can succeed
32. I just don't understand_______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.
A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
33. ---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
---Oh, that was probably _________ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when
B. why
C. what
D. that
34. I kept this picture ________ I can see it every day as it reminds me of my university days.
A. in which
B. where
C. when
D. whether
35. ---I can't find Mr. Smith .Where did you last see him this morning?
---It was in the hotel _______ he stayed.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. since
36. You should keep those old jam bottles ----you never know ______ you might need them.
A. when
B. how.
C. what D .where
37. ---Do you have anything in mind ______you'd like for supper ?
---Well, ______will do for me.
A. which, everything
B. that, anything
C. what, whatever
D. that, either
38. After five hours' drive, they reached __ they thought was the place they'd been dreaming of .
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
39. It is recommended that the project ___ until all the preparations have been made.
is not started B. not be started
C. will not be started
D. is not to be started
40.______ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don't know who it will be.
A. Those who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. No matter who。