翻译技巧与方法

翻译技巧与方法

1. Tran. Based on Lexis (词法翻译)

Technique 1: Replacement of Equivalent对等替换法：一般适用于单词、词组、成语、谚语等相对较小的语篇单位，换言之，适用的维度主要是词汇学层面。1）词：TV→电视；small →小但对于一词多义现象应注意语境、语义范围、感情色彩、文化历史背景等因素。

如：农民=peasant/ farmers; landlord=地主/房东/旅店老板

2）词组或成语：

了如指掌：at one’s finger tips

Turn a deaf ear to: 充耳不闻

3）谚语：

There is no smoke without fire: 无风不起浪

皇天不负有心人：Everything comes to him who waits. 4）句子实例：

此回战士们不再忍气吞声，他们个个摩拳擦掌，准备再打一个漂亮仗。

→Instead of swallowing the insult, this time every soldier rolled up his sleeves for battle, ready to win another brilliant victory.

Technique 2: Concretization 具体化译法：一般是指将较为抽象的事物或流程具体化为可以被感知的具体形象或动作，从而产生切实形象的感觉，便于读者接受。

1）词、短语与成语之例

Very timid: 非常胆小→胆小如鼠

十分富有: have money to burn

2）句子之例

你人不错，但美中不足的就是有时反复无常，往往使事情棘手难办。

→You are a nice guy, yet with one defect in your character, that is, occasionally blowing hot and cold, thus making things hot potatoes to handle. Technique 3: Abstraction 抽象化译法：把具体的直感形象或比喻形象抽象化，从而使译文更加通顺与忠实。

1）词、短语与成语之例

Eat one’s heart out：极度悲痛

失业现象: unemployment

同情心理：sympathy

2）句子之例

He played the fox with me at first. However, to keep body and soul together, he had to fall back upon me once again and was practically on his knees for a new face on our relation. →起始他曾对我耍滑头，但后来为了维持生活，他又需要我的帮助，不得不来苦苦哀求以使我们的关系有所改观。

Technique 3: Addition 增译法：增译法又称增词法，是指在原文的基础上增添适当的词语或词组是译文在语法、语言形式以及认知审美上合符译文习惯与文化背景，使译文在内容、形式与精神上都接近原文。例：

三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。

→Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind.

He came from New England.

→他来自美国东北部的新英格兰地区。

Technique 4: Omission 减译法：减译法又称省词法，是指处于译语语言与文化习惯视情况适当删减原文词语，以求译文的可接受性。例：

质子带正电、电子带负电，而中子既不带正电也不带负电。

→A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither. Technique 5: Combination 合译法：西方语言使用中常用成对词，汉语中也常用同义词语，在翻译

的时候可以合起来翻译。例：

I hate all this hustle and bustle.

→我讨厌这种十分喧嚣的场面。

你怎能过河拆桥，忘恩负义呢？

→How can you kick down the ladder?

Technique 6: Repetition 重译法：翻译时，为了明确，为了强调，为了生动，要重复原文的信息。例：Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as admiration.

→无知是恐惧的根源，也是敬佩的根源。

Victory or defeat, we’ll fight to the last minute.→胜也罢，败也罢，我们会坚持到最后。

Technique 7: Conversion 转换法：即根据语言习惯在译文中对原文的词类/词性或者语言表达形式进行转换。例如：

词类转换法：

我既不抽烟也不喝酒。→ I’m no drinker nor smoker.形式转换译法：

He was in New York in the first ten days of the March. → 他三月上旬(而不是前十天)在纽约。

词语顺序转换法：

教育部高教司张司长

→ Director Zhang, Division of Higher Education, Ministry of Education

感情色彩转换法：一般说来感情色彩或意义褒贬的选择均要依据语言形式或词语本身的褒贬来判断，但有时也

许根据语境进行转换。

The drunk driver died in the traffic accident. (死→丧命)

Technique 9: Negation 正反译：即正说反译与反说正译，具体而言，就是原文中用肯定表达或肯定句式的话在译文中则改用否定表达或否定句式，反之亦然。例：工作没经验，出点差错在所难免。

→Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work.