职称英语考试词汇基础:英语单词构词法(1)2

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职称英语⽂章中常见的复合名词构成⽅法:
名词+名词: bookworm (书⾍)= book (书)+ worm(⾍)
动名词+名词:waiting-room (候车室,候诊室)= a room for waiting;
sleeping-pill (安眠药)= a pill for sleeping
名词+动名词:handwriting(⼿写)= writing by hand;
sun-bathing (阳光浴)= bathing in sun
动词+副词:get-together(聚会), break-through(突破)
副词+动词:outbreak(爆发)
以职称英语书中⽤词为例:
(The Fridge) The milkman came daily.
Milkman = milk + man (送奶⼈)
(David Jones and His Salary) Despite his salary, earned by inventing new programs, with bonus payments and profit-sharing,…
Profit-sharing --- sharing profit (利益分成)
复合动词通常做谓语。

如:
They are now mass-producing this instrument.
Mass-produce = produce (in a) mass (⼤规模⽣产)
职称英语⽂章中常见的复合动词构成⽅法:不少复合动词与其对应的动词短语并没有关系。

副词+动词:overthrow, undergo
Overthrow =/= throw over (没有这个动词短语)
经历(变迁等) Undergo =/= go under(沉没,倒闭)
以职称英语书中⽤词为例:
(Science Fiction) In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction,..Overtake =/= take over (接办,接管)
另外,副词,代词有些也是复合词。

如:
maybe, forever, myself, everything, whatever, moreover, however等。

以下是我们给学员列出的职称英语中常见的复合词:
afternoon 下午 afterwards 后来
airmail 航空邮件 airport 机场
airplane/aircraft 飞机 anybody / anyone任何⼈(⽤于疑问句/否定句)
anyhow/anyway ⽆论如何 anything 任何事(⽤于疑问句/否定句)
backwards 朝后 baseball 棒球
basketball 篮球 football ⾜球
bedroom 卧室 beforehand 预先
birthday ⽣⽇ bookcase 书架
breakdown 崩溃 businessman 商⼈
butterfly 蝴蝶 chairman 主席
classroom 教室 cocktail 鸡尾酒
everybody 每个⼈ everyday 每天
everything 任何事情 everywhere 各处
everyone 任何⼈ fireman 消防队员
overcome 克服 green-house 温室
highway 公路 sunshine 阳光
⽐较: afternoon (下午) = after(以后) + noon(中午)
green-house (温室)=/= green(绿⾊的)+ house (房⼦);
green-fingered =/= 绿⼿指(会园艺的)
⼩结:对于通过合成法构成的单词,在分析其词义时,需要既借助构词法理性地记单词,⼜同时要注意某些单词的特殊词义。

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