专升本英语语法精品讲义
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的关系，whom作of的宾语。 答案：C
定语从句(二) 1．whom，which在定语从句中可作介词的宾语，这样的介词一
般放在whom，which之前也可放在原来的位置上。that也可作 介词宾语，但介词不能放在that前，只能放在原位置上；含有 介词的固定词组，介词也只能放在原位置上。 This is the nurse to whom Tom spoke just now.＝This is the nurse whom Tom spoke to just now. 这就是那个Tom刚才跟她谈话的护士。 The child whom you take care of is ill.你照看的那小孩病了。
gave的宾语，故用关系代词。 答案：B
4．This is the job________they laughed. A．which B．that C．at which D．at that 解析：句意为：这是个他们嘲笑的工作。laugh at表“嘲
笑……”，which作at的宾语。 答案：C
5. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks________built about 300 years ago in Beijing. A．which was B．which were C．that were D．where were 解析：定语从句修饰parks，且在定语从句中引导词作主
6．as (1)在限制性定语从句中，若先行词被the same，such， as，so所修饰，从句的引导词用as，作主语、宾语。 I dislike such students as are careless. 我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。 I’ll lend you as much money as you need. 我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。 (2)作为关系代词，as可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短 语或整个句子，也可插在句中。 As we know，the earth goes round the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
码”。后面是倒装句。 答案：C
7．I don’t like the way________he spoke to me. A．what B．by which C．by that D．/ 解析：定语从句修饰way，引导词作状语时可用in which/that/不填。 答案：D
8．He makes good use of the time________he can spare. A．that B．in which C．in that D．when 解析：句意为：他充分利用了他能腾出的时间，引导词
5.which (1)修饰“物”作主语、宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。 (2)修饰句子中的短语、整个句子，作主语、宾语，常引导一非限 制性定语从句，有时可插在句中。 I have to work on Sunday，which I don’t like. 我星期天得上班，这点我不喜欢。 They tried to catch the bird，which was impossible. 他们想抓住那只鸟，而这是不可能的。 (3)修饰一短语、句子时，也可作定语，使句子更加明确。 He came back late，by which time all the guests had already left. 他回来迟了，到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。 I was told to go not by train but by bus，which advice I followed. 有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车，我听从了此建议。
that作spare的宾语。 答案：A
9．It was a meeting________importance I did not realize at the time. A．which B．at which C．its D．whose 解析：定语从句修饰meeting，引导词whose在定语从句中
This is a book whose cover is blue. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 4. that修饰“人”“物”作主语、宾语、表语。 I want a man that/who understands English. 我需要一个懂英语的人。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 This is the picture that I bought yesterday.
The number of the visitors，as we had expected，was well over two hundred. 来访者的数目远远超过两百人，这是我们预料之中的。
关系副词 when(时间)；where(地点)；why(原因)作状语 (1)I still remember the day when I was born. (2)This is the house where I lived two years ago. (3)Can you tell me the reason why you did it? 定语从句中的关系副词可由“介词＋which”来代替，以 上 (1)句中的when＝on which (2)句中的where＝in which (3)句中的why＝for which
语，由于先行词有最高级修饰，故只能用that。 答案：C
6．On the table she found a piece of paper________some puzzling secret codes. A．which was written B．that was written C．on which were written D．on that was written 解析：定语从句修饰paper，意为“纸上写着令人迷惑的密
关系代词 1．who修饰“人”作主语，口语中可作宾语。
This is the man who often helps me.(who作主语) (这就是那个经常帮助我的人) The man who you just talked to is a teacher. (who作介词to的宾语)你刚才同他谈话的那个人是个老师。
11．He is not the same man________he used to be. A．/ B．which C．as D．what 解析：定语从句的先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句的
引导词用as，此句中as作be的表语。 答案：C
12．In an open boat，the four men，________a doctor，met with a storm on the sea. A．one of them was B．one of them were C．one of whom was D．one of whom were 解析：中间是一定语从句修饰four men，表示部分与整体
2．定语从句中用that不用which情况 (1)先行词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the very，the only修饰。
This is the first film that I have seen at this cinema. 这是我在这个剧院看的第一部电影。 (2)先行词为不定代词all，one，none，anything， everything，nothing，little，much，few等或被much， little，just，few，no，any，every等所修饰。 He has little time that he can spare.他一点时间也抽不出。 Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有什么需要我帮忙的吗？ (3)当定语从句的先行词包括人或物时。
3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短语或整个句 子时的区别。 (1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，但which 只能置于句中，句末。 I helped him with his homework，as/which was my duty. 我帮他做作业，这是我的职责。 As was my duty，I helped him with his homework. (2)as常用于某些短语中。如：as is said above，as is known，as is reported/announced，as it is或出现在 appear，expect，think，suppose，mention等表猜测， 想象，预测的动词中。 He was late again，as was expected. 他又迟到，这是预料之中的事。
2．whom修饰“人”作宾语。可省略，但在介词后和非限制性 定
语从句中不可省略。
The doctor(who/whom)you are looking for is in the room. 你在找的那位医生在屋子里。 3．whose是who，which的所有格，作定语，修饰“人”“物” 表所 属关系。
medal failed at last. A．who B．whom C．what D．/ 解析： everybody had thought为插入语，定语从句引导 词在句中作could win a gold medal的主语。 答案：A
3．Do you think the reason________he gave is believable? A．for which B．which 的理由可信么？which作
作importance的定语，表所属关系。 答案：D
10．This is the factory________they visited the other day. A．that B．where C．to which D．what 解析：句意为：这是一个他们那天参观的工厂。引导词
that在定语从句中作visited的宾语。 答案：A
语法专练
1．I have seen the film，________leading actor is my
favourite. A．its B．that C．whose D．which 解析：定语从句修饰film，引导词在定语从句中作 leading actor的定语，表所属关系。 答案：C 2．The girl________everybody had thought could win a gold
Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the bridge. 看看正在过桥的那个女孩和她的狗。
(4)前面已有疑问词who，which时，为避免重复。 Which is the book that you lost？你丢失的书是哪本书？ Who is the lady that is playing the piano？ 那个弹钢琴的女士是谁？ (5)当先行词是疑问代词what时。 What did Tom hear that made him very sad？Tom 听到什么话使他那么悲伤？ (6)当指人、物的关系代词作表语时。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 (7)在There be句型中。 There’s still a seat in the corner that is still free. 角落处仍有一个空着的座位。
定语从句(一) 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词、数词、短语或整个
句子的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词 后，中间要有引导词来引导，引导词要在从句中作成分。
定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(who，whom，whose， that，which，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。
定语从句(二) 1．whom，which在定语从句中可作介词的宾语，这样的介词一
般放在whom，which之前也可放在原来的位置上。that也可作 介词宾语，但介词不能放在that前，只能放在原位置上；含有 介词的固定词组，介词也只能放在原位置上。 This is the nurse to whom Tom spoke just now.＝This is the nurse whom Tom spoke to just now. 这就是那个Tom刚才跟她谈话的护士。 The child whom you take care of is ill.你照看的那小孩病了。
gave的宾语，故用关系代词。 答案：B
4．This is the job________they laughed. A．which B．that C．at which D．at that 解析：句意为：这是个他们嘲笑的工作。laugh at表“嘲
笑……”，which作at的宾语。 答案：C
5. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks________built about 300 years ago in Beijing. A．which was B．which were C．that were D．where were 解析：定语从句修饰parks，且在定语从句中引导词作主
6．as (1)在限制性定语从句中，若先行词被the same，such， as，so所修饰，从句的引导词用as，作主语、宾语。 I dislike such students as are careless. 我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。 I’ll lend you as much money as you need. 我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。 (2)作为关系代词，as可引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短 语或整个句子，也可插在句中。 As we know，the earth goes round the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
码”。后面是倒装句。 答案：C
7．I don’t like the way________he spoke to me. A．what B．by which C．by that D．/ 解析：定语从句修饰way，引导词作状语时可用in which/that/不填。 答案：D
8．He makes good use of the time________he can spare. A．that B．in which C．in that D．when 解析：句意为：他充分利用了他能腾出的时间，引导词
5.which (1)修饰“物”作主语、宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。 (2)修饰句子中的短语、整个句子，作主语、宾语，常引导一非限 制性定语从句，有时可插在句中。 I have to work on Sunday，which I don’t like. 我星期天得上班，这点我不喜欢。 They tried to catch the bird，which was impossible. 他们想抓住那只鸟，而这是不可能的。 (3)修饰一短语、句子时，也可作定语，使句子更加明确。 He came back late，by which time all the guests had already left. 他回来迟了，到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。 I was told to go not by train but by bus，which advice I followed. 有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车，我听从了此建议。
that作spare的宾语。 答案：A
9．It was a meeting________importance I did not realize at the time. A．which B．at which C．its D．whose 解析：定语从句修饰meeting，引导词whose在定语从句中
This is a book whose cover is blue. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。 4. that修饰“人”“物”作主语、宾语、表语。 I want a man that/who understands English. 我需要一个懂英语的人。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 This is the picture that I bought yesterday.
The number of the visitors，as we had expected，was well over two hundred. 来访者的数目远远超过两百人，这是我们预料之中的。
关系副词 when(时间)；where(地点)；why(原因)作状语 (1)I still remember the day when I was born. (2)This is the house where I lived two years ago. (3)Can you tell me the reason why you did it? 定语从句中的关系副词可由“介词＋which”来代替，以 上 (1)句中的when＝on which (2)句中的where＝in which (3)句中的why＝for which
语，由于先行词有最高级修饰，故只能用that。 答案：C
6．On the table she found a piece of paper________some puzzling secret codes. A．which was written B．that was written C．on which were written D．on that was written 解析：定语从句修饰paper，意为“纸上写着令人迷惑的密
关系代词 1．who修饰“人”作主语，口语中可作宾语。
This is the man who often helps me.(who作主语) (这就是那个经常帮助我的人) The man who you just talked to is a teacher. (who作介词to的宾语)你刚才同他谈话的那个人是个老师。
11．He is not the same man________he used to be. A．/ B．which C．as D．what 解析：定语从句的先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句的
引导词用as，此句中as作be的表语。 答案：C
12．In an open boat，the four men，________a doctor，met with a storm on the sea. A．one of them was B．one of them were C．one of whom was D．one of whom were 解析：中间是一定语从句修饰four men，表示部分与整体
2．定语从句中用that不用which情况 (1)先行词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the very，the only修饰。
This is the first film that I have seen at this cinema. 这是我在这个剧院看的第一部电影。 (2)先行词为不定代词all，one，none，anything， everything，nothing，little，much，few等或被much， little，just，few，no，any，every等所修饰。 He has little time that he can spare.他一点时间也抽不出。 Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有什么需要我帮忙的吗？ (3)当定语从句的先行词包括人或物时。
3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰一短语或整个句 子时的区别。 (1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，但which 只能置于句中，句末。 I helped him with his homework，as/which was my duty. 我帮他做作业，这是我的职责。 As was my duty，I helped him with his homework. (2)as常用于某些短语中。如：as is said above，as is known，as is reported/announced，as it is或出现在 appear，expect，think，suppose，mention等表猜测， 想象，预测的动词中。 He was late again，as was expected. 他又迟到，这是预料之中的事。
2．whom修饰“人”作宾语。可省略，但在介词后和非限制性 定
语从句中不可省略。
The doctor(who/whom)you are looking for is in the room. 你在找的那位医生在屋子里。 3．whose是who，which的所有格，作定语，修饰“人”“物” 表所 属关系。
medal failed at last. A．who B．whom C．what D．/ 解析： everybody had thought为插入语，定语从句引导 词在句中作could win a gold medal的主语。 答案：A
3．Do you think the reason________he gave is believable? A．for which B．which 的理由可信么？which作
作importance的定语，表所属关系。 答案：D
10．This is the factory________they visited the other day. A．that B．where C．to which D．what 解析：句意为：这是一个他们那天参观的工厂。引导词
that在定语从句中作visited的宾语。 答案：A
语法专练
1．I have seen the film，________leading actor is my
favourite. A．its B．that C．whose D．which 解析：定语从句修饰film，引导词在定语从句中作 leading actor的定语，表所属关系。 答案：C 2．The girl________everybody had thought could win a gold
Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the bridge. 看看正在过桥的那个女孩和她的狗。
(4)前面已有疑问词who，which时，为避免重复。 Which is the book that you lost？你丢失的书是哪本书？ Who is the lady that is playing the piano？ 那个弹钢琴的女士是谁？ (5)当先行词是疑问代词what时。 What did Tom hear that made him very sad？Tom 听到什么话使他那么悲伤？ (6)当指人、物的关系代词作表语时。 He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。 (7)在There be句型中。 There’s still a seat in the corner that is still free. 角落处仍有一个空着的座位。
定语从句(一) 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词、数词、短语或整个
句子的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词 后，中间要有引导词来引导，引导词要在从句中作成分。
定语从句的引导词包括关系代词(who，whom，whose， that，which，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。