最新高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析

最新高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

When hospital staff are in full scrubs (手术衣), their faces are almost completely covered by their caps and face masks, and we can only see their eyes and eyebrows. In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob Hackett launched a campaign named "Theatre (手术室) Cap Challenge"-encourage hospital staffs to write their' names and roles on their caps. At first, his colleagues didn't take it seriously. However, with time going on, it has been adopted around the world with studies from the US and UK reporting how this simple idea can decrease human errors in healthcare.
"I went to a theatre where there were about 20 doctors and nurses in the room," Dr. Rob Hackett said. "I struggled to even ask to be passed some gloves because the person I was pointing to thought I was pointing to the person behind them, because I don't know their names." said Rob. As we all know, doctors are a stressful profession. When faced with life and death, they need to save the patient's life for a second. At the moment, effective communications are important.
"The 'Theatre Cap Challenge' is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor communication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients." said Rob. "We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm. For this to happen, we need to let everyone know we're human." he added On the other hand, from the patients' viewpoint, caps with names on them can make patients more unworried. When everyone appears the same, it is extremely difficult to distinguish who is who. Knowing them relaxed.
（1）What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A. Hospital staff are asked to cover their faces in hospitals.
B. Rob is in favor of writing names and roles on caps.
C. Rob wanted to be a professional doctor.
D. Rob's idea can increase human errors in healthcare.
（2）What can we know about the "Theatre Cap Challenge" from the text?
A. It can make the caps more fashionable.
B. It is strongly opposed to by all the doctors and nurses.
C. It aims to avoid mistakes and poor communication.
D. It can help people pass some gloves in a theatre.
（3）Which of the following best explains "were human" underlined in paragraph3?
A. We're generous.
B. We're negative.
C. We're satisfied.
D. We're kind.（4）What's the patients' attitude towards the campaign?
A. Supportive
B. Disapproving
C. Doubtful
D. Uncaring
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。

于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob Hackett launched a campaign name‘"Theatre (手术室) Cap Challenge’-encourage hospital staffs to write their' names and roles on their caps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The 'Theatre Cap Challenge' is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor communication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients. "可知，Theatre Cap challenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。

所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“ We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。

只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。

故选D。

（4）考查观点态度。

全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。

从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解
According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.
The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading.
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease.
The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV
treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the "groundbreaking" discovery is "realistically the only way" that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world.
They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.
The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.
（1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Stress the urgency of HIV treatments.
B. Provide some data about HIV.
C. Remind readers of HIV prevention.
D. Introduce HIV to the public.
（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost?
A. By transforming it into proteins.
B. By adding it to an oral drug.
C. By attaching it to the HIV virus.
D. By processing it into a cream.
（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process?
A. It can prevent infections of HIV.
B. It can produce dangerous chemicals.
C. It still requires perfecting.
D. It applies to the developed world.
（4）From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook.
B. A health magazine.
C. A social webpage.
D. A first aid brochure.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。

研究人员表示，这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法，但还有待于进一步的完善。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.... Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease” 可知，“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。

尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展，但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。

由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫，非常紧迫。

分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。

“the most cost-effective”与“the lowest cost”是同义词，“make it into a cream”与“process it into a cream”是同义的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”可知，科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。

由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了最近的一项研究，一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。

因此与人类的健康有关，所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession.
Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?
To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collection and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human.
Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make a robot imitate a person's voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The
process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse the movements of the 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs
Both the technologies used to make Xin's performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don't always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.
（1）What does the underlined word "reluctant "in the first paragraph mean?
A. Delighted.
B. Unwilling.
C. Confused.
D. Optimistic.
（2）What can we infer about previous news robots?
A. They read news without expressions.
B. They looked like a human being
C. They could interview sports stars
D. They could interact with audience.
（3）What do we know about the third technology?
A. This technology is very perfect so far
B. This technology is quite popular now
C. This technology remains at the theoretical stage
D. This technology is far from mature.
（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that____.
A. human news anchors should learn from AT anchors to save their jobs
B. Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at present
C. Al news anchors won't replace human news anchors in the near future
D. Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Xin Xiaomeng began working as the world's first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday"及第二段中的"That's why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?"可知，担心将来自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为"不愿意的"，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch
and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading."可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions don' t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human."可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities."可知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving
Bumpy tubercles on top of head
Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition
Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic
feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales' migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can't survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
（3）This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四个小点后的一段"Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五个小黑点后面的"The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas." 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。

可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。

冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。

可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方
繁殖，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。

所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.
Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.
"And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature." Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. " Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates." But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. " So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals."
The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one." The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that 'brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment'. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's concealment？"
"In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition." Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. "It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish." As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, "Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize." The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on
iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird's-eye view.
（1）According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________. A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者) B. catch the attention of their mates C. conceal themselves when in danger D. catch sight of more colorful preys （2）From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval
B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent
C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it
D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not
（3）What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.
B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.
C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.
D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.
（4）Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A famous camouflage strategy
B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise
C. Colors unique to animals
D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。

可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“The idea that eye­catching colors could be used as a cover­up isn't a new one.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。

实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。

由此推断接下
来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段中的“Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇阅读理解
Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year. The objects were discovered off the coast of the United States in the Pacific Ocean.
The crew of the Nautilus, a private research ship, recovered the rock particles(颗粒).The Nautilus is operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust. The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before.
The search was launched after US government weather stations observed a large meteorite exploding some months ago. The explosion lit up the sky and sent the rock particles to the earth. The meteorite fall was the largest recorded over the United States in at least 20years. The team includes scientists from NASA, the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and the University of Washington. The scientists examined what they believe were two small meteorite fragments. Further testing is needed before they can confirm that the material came from the explosion.
The Nautilus is equipped with two remotely operated vehicles(ROVs), called Hercules and Argus. These robotic submarines help researchers find and collect materials from the seafloor. The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied. For this reason, scientists decided to launch the first intentional search for meteorites from the ocean. Until the latest research, scientists had only accidentally discovered a small number of meteorites from drilling operations.
The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons. First, meteorite particles are basically made of glassy materials that do not tend to last long in seawater. Secondly, they came from what looked like a small hole on the seafloor. Some evidence shows that they came from something that fell.
（1）What is the current goal of the crew of the Ocean Exploration Trust?
A. To recover the rock particles.
B. To observe movements of the universe.
C. To study unexplored places of the ocean.
D. To examine creatures of the explored ocean.（2）What mainly caused the start of the search in the sea?
A. A huge meteor shower.
B. Business value of meteors.
C. Plenty of natural resources.
D. The brainstorm of researchers.
（3）Why do the scientists prefer to search for meteors in the ocean?
A. They can find meteors more easily.
B. They may find bigger rock particles.
C. They like to explore strange sea areas.
D. They have better submarine equipment.
（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. Offer clues for the search.
B. Give reasons to support a guess.
C. Stress the importance of the event.
D. Describe the process of the search.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星碎片。

这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。

一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before.”可知，the Ocean Exploration Trust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year.”可知，一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied.”可知，科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea l ikely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Some years ago, Michel-Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.
The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously. "We never thought that this could be something that could kill," recalls (回忆) Andre, who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona.
Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.
It was not an easy task. Sound waves don't travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (盐度) and, flow of water have
great effects on their path.
What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely to meet animals. It's also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.
As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN's International Maritime Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be observed.
"The ocean is not our world," comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.
（1）What does the underlined word "desensitised" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Stubborn.
B. Flexible.
C. Dull.
D. Friendly.
（2）What's one way to solve the problem according to the text?
A. To lower the speed of ships.
B. To reduce the number of ships.
C. To set up preserves under the sea.
D. To give the injured animals timely treatment.（3）What is the author's attitude towards what Michel Andre has done?
A. Doubtful.
B. Disapproving.
C. Positive.
D. Uncaring.
（4）What is the text mainly about?
A. A great expert.
B. Noise in the sea.
C. Animals in the sea.
D. Sea exploration technology.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的”the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously“可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪音比较“迟钝”。

故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的”It's also possible to slow ships down to 18 km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.“也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。

可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”And th anks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.“由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。

可知，作者对Michel Andre所做的工作十分认可。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。