就远原则和就近原则

就远原则和就近原则
语法:就远原则讲解
【就远原则】
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather
than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from 采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

1. 连词or, not…but…, either…or…,
neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。

如:
Not his parentsbuthedoesn’twanttogo.是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。

Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。

Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘,
2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。

如:There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。

There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里
有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。

五、由 or，notonly…butalso…，either …or…，neither…nor…，not…but…等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。

如:
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
六、“名词 + 介词 / 介词短语( with，together with，along with，as well as 等)
+ 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。

如:
Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .
You as well as your brother have been accepted .
七、主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:
Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetter than what we have .
Taking more exercise is good for your health .
八、定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语与先行词的人称和数保持一致;但“oneof+名词复数”作先行词时，如在 one 前有 the，the very，the only 等词修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式。

如:
He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .
He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .
九、there be 句型中，be 的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以上的名词，则按就近原则决定。

如:
There is only a desk in the room .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .
There are two chairs and a desk in the room .
十、“the+形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

如:Therichdon’tunderstand the life of the poor .
语法:就近原则讲解
【就近原则】
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity)，即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。

I.在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be，句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;notonly…butalso";等。

e.g.
What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

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2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

e.g.?In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .
在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。

e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。

(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。

e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。

(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上，“Noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。

“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。