英美文学史复习

英美文学史复习资料英国文学史资料
I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
<Beowulf>贝奥武夫Artistic features:
ing alliteration头韵
ing metaphor暗喻 and understatement含蓄陈述
Geoffery Chaucer杰弗里乔叟The founder of English poetry.
三个阶段：
1<The Romaunt of the Rose>玫瑰传奇
2<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德longest complete poe m
3<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：
Significance :first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(英雄双韵体) b y middle English
IIThe Renaissance Period
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real
mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14 th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the trans ition from the medieval to the modern world. Humanism is the ke y-note of the Renaissance.
1. 1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人(de)诗人”.）The poets’ poet. The first to b
e buried in the Poet’s corner o
f Westerminster Abbey.
① <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more roman tic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
②<The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalinism
More2. Thomas托马斯莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①<Utopia>乌托邦
Two books: the social conditions of English
an ideal communist society
Bacon3. Francis弗兰西斯培根1561~1626
The first English of english eassy.
1<TheAdvancement of Learning>学术(de)推进
2.<New Instrument>
3<Essays>随笔58 essays
4. Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛
①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士(de)悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝
③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他岛(de)犹太人
5. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚1564~1616共37plays
①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V；Richard II；Henry VIII
②四大喜剧:第二阶段<As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第
十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Ven ice>威尼斯商人
③四大悲剧:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿1608~1674
（失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙.）
①Epics:<Paradise Lost>失乐园（亚当Adam夏娃Eve受魔鬼撒旦Satan 诱惑偷尝禁果,被God逐出伊甸园Eden）
< RegainedParadise>复乐园
②Dramatic poem:<Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
.
2. John Bunyan约翰班扬1628~1688
（代表作天路历程,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义(de)百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式着作.与但丁(de)神曲、奥古斯丁(de)忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作.）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>天路历程
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an arg
ument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
4. John Dryden:革命时期(de)保皇派代表royalist
IVThe 18th Century
1Enlightment 3位代表Addison,Steele,Pope
Johnson2. Samuel塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language>英语大词典
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特1667~1745
①<Gulliver’s Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work)
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
<A Modest Proposal>一个小小(de)建议
②<The Battle of Books>书战
③<A Tale of a Tub>木桶(de)故事
④ <The Drapper’s Letters>一个麻布商(de)书信
4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福1660~1731
< CrusoeRobinson>鲁宾逊漂流记
5. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
<The Deserted Village>荒村
②novel:
<The Vicar of Wakefield>威克菲尔德牧师传
6.感伤主义sentimentalism and pre-romanticism:Blake& Burns
7 William Blake威廉布莱克1757~1827
①<Songs of Innocence>天真之歌.
②<Songs of Experience>经验之歌
③ <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell>天堂与地狱(de)婚姻
8 Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写(de)诗
① <John Anderson, My Jo>约翰安德生,我(de)爱人
② <A Red, Red Rose>一朵红红(de)玫瑰
③ < SyneAuld Long>友谊地久天长
④ <A Man’s a Man for A’That>不管那一套
⑤ <HighlandsMy Heart’s in the>我(de)心在那高原上
VThe Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walt er Scott’s death.
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“”诗人. The Lake Poets）
① <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
②<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④The Solitary Reaper孤独(de)割麦女
② <The Prelude>序曲
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
① <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子颂
② <Christabel>柯里斯塔贝尔
③ <Kubla Khan>忽必烈汗
④ <Frost at Night>半夜冰霜
⑤ <Dejection, an Ode>忧郁颂
⑥ <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)
3. George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦1788~1824
①<Don Juan>唐璜
<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德哈罗德尔游记
<Cain>该隐
②<When We Two Parted>当初我们俩分别
<She Walks In Beauty>
4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱1792~1822
①Poetic Drama：<Prometheus Unbound>解放了(de)普罗米修斯
②<Queen Mab>麦布女王
<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰(de)反叛
<The Cenci>钦契一家
<A Defence of Poetry>诗辩
<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论(de)必要性
③Lyrics:
Ode to the West Wind西风颂
<To a Skylark>致云雀
A Defense of Poetry ---critical works
Song to Men of England---greatest political lyric
Keats5. John约翰济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真,真即是美”是他(de)着名诗句.)
①Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn>希腊古瓮颂
<Ode to a Nightingale>夜莺颂
<To Autumn>秋颂
<Ode On Melancholy>忧郁颂
②Five long poems:Endymion, Isabella, The eve of ,Lamia, Hyper ion
Scott6 Walter沃尔特斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①<Rob Roy>罗伯罗伊
②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫
VIThe Victorian Period
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the f ate of the common people and everyday events.
1. Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
第一阶段： by Boz特写集
2<The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club>匹克威克外传
3<Oliver Twist>奥利弗特维斯特（雾都孤儿）
4Nicholas Nickleby
5.<The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店
Rudge
第二阶段：1Amercian Notes美国札记
2,Martin Chuzzlewit
宗教色彩,圣诞小说： .3<A Christmas Carol>圣诞颂歌 4 The Chimes 圣诞颂歌 5The Cricket on the Earth 灶上蟋蟀
6<Dombey and Son>董贝父子
7<David Copperfield>大卫科波菲尔自传体
第三阶段1 <Bleak House>荒凉山庄
2.<Hard Times>艰难时世
dorrit
4<A Tale of Two Cities>双城记(London & Paris)
5 <Great Expectations>远大前程
6 <Our Mutual Friend>我们共同(de)朋友
7未完成：Edwin Drood
2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷1811~1863
①<Vanity Fair>or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an e xcerpt from <The Pilgrim’s Progress>by John Bunyan)
②<The Book Of Snobs>
3 Jane Austen简奥斯丁1775~1817浪漫主义时期(de)批判现实主义.①<Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情
<Pride and Prejudic>傲慢与偏见(chapter I)
<Emma>爱玛
<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园
<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺
<Persuasion>劝导
3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特1816~1855
① <Jane Eyre>简爱
② <Shirley>雪莉
③ <Professor>教师
4. Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特1818~1854
① < HeightsWuthering>呼啸山庄
② <Old Stoic>
Bronte安妮.勃朗特
①Agnes Grey
②The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall
6.Robert Louis Stevenson
①<Treasure Island>金银岛
7. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德1856~1900
①4 Comedies:
<The Importance Of Being Earnest>认真(de)重要
<Lady Windermere’s Fan>温德米尔夫人(de)扇子
<A Woman Of No Importance>一个无足轻重(de)女人<An Ideal Husband>理想(de)丈夫
②Novel:
<The Picture Of Dorian Gray>多利安格雷(de)画像③Fairy Stories:
<The Happy Prince And Other Tales>快乐王子故事集
Hardy1 Thomas托马斯哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家.Wessex novels; novels o
f character and environment）
⑴Novels
① <Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家(de)苔丝人物：Angel Clare,A lec
② <Jude The Obscure>无名(de)裘德人物：Fawley, Arabella Donnm,(a ll body) Sue Bridehead(all mind)
③ <Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④< The Madding CrowdFar From>远离尘嚣
⑤ <The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥<The Return of the Native>还乡
⑵Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
2.George Bernard Shaw乔治伯纳萧1856~1950
(英国杰出(de)批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist ⑴Plays
①Plays Unpleasant
<Mrs Warren’S Profession>华伦夫人(de)职业
<Widowers’ Houses>鳏夫(de)房产
②Plays Pleasant
<Arms And Man>武器与人
<The Man Of Destiny>左右命运(de)人
③Plays
<Man And Superman>人与超人
<Pygmalion>匹格玛利翁
<The Apple Cart>苹果车
< JoanSaint>圣女贞德
1. David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯男女关系
①<Sons And Lovers>儿子与情人(autobiographical)
②<The Rainbow>虹
③<Women In Love>恋爱中(de)女人
④<Lady Chatterley’s Lover>查特莱夫人(de)情人
Joyce2. James詹姆斯乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰小说家,意识流小说(de)代表人物）stream-of-consciousness <Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)
<A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man>一个青年艺术家(de)肖像<Finnegans Wake>芬尼根(de)苏醒
<Dubliners>都柏林人
3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流小说(de)代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
①Novels
< DallowayMrs>达洛维夫人
<To The Lighthouse>到灯塔去
<The Waves>浪
<The Lighthouse>
<Jacob’s Room>雅各布(de)房间
<Orlando>奥兰朵
<Between The Acts>幕间
Yeats 1. 叶芝1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗人,剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Lit erary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
⑴collections
①<The Wind Among The Reeds>苇风
<Responsibilities>责任
②<The Tower>塔
<The Winding Stair>旋转(de)楼梯
⑵Poems
<Easter 1916>复活节,1916
<The Second Coming>第二次来临/再世
<Sailing To Byzantium>到拜占庭航行
2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人,剧作家,批评家）
⑴Poems
①<The Waste Land>
②<Four Quartets>四个四重奏
③<The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock>
⑵Plays
①<Murder In The Cathedral>大教堂谋杀案
美国文学史复习
1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林
1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德(de)年鉴 2）“The Way to W ealth”致富之道“The Autobiography”自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今(de)自传
2、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家,
the first greatprose stylist of American romanticism. 美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家
“Sketch Book”见闻札记, thefirst modern short storiesand the fi rst great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大(de)青少年文学读物.
“Legends of the Conquest of Spain”西班牙征服记
A History of New York纽约(de)历史-----美国人写(de)第一部诙谐文学杰作；
The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷(de)传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉(de)作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀
“Leatherstocking Tales”皮袜子故事集,包括“The Deerslayer”杀鹿者、“The Last of the Mohicans”最后(de)莫希干人、“The Pathfind er”探路人、“The Pioneers”拓荒者、“The Prairie”大草原, regar d as “the nearest approach yet to an American epic.” 被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗(de)作品.
The Spy间谍The Pilot领航者The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇(de)手稿
4、Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生
be responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England,
是把超验主义引入新英格兰(de)先驱.Emerson believed above all in individualism个人主义, independence of mind思想独立, and self-r eliance自强.
作品：“Nature”论自然、“Essays”随笔录“The American Scholar”美国学者, our intellectual Declaration of Independence.我们知识分子(de)独立宣言.
④his most important works are “Representative Men”代表and “E nglish Traits”英国人、“Poems”诗集.
5、Henry David Thoreau 亨利.戴维.梭罗
“In Walden”沃尔登成名作“Civil Disobedience”平民反抗essay 随笔.非暴力不合作
6、Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑
“Mosses from an Old Manse”古厦青苔、“The Marble Faun”玉石神像
“The Scarlet Letter”红字人物：Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingwor th, Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl
7、Herman Melville 赫尔曼.麦尔维尔
“Moby Dick”白鲸人物：Captain Ahab.船长阿哈比；Queequeg,捕鲸人
奎因奎格
Ishmael讲故事(de)人,Starkbuck 星巴克
8、Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼
①★free verse (自由诗体) 无固定节奏,无有规律(de)韵脚
②“Leaves of Grass”草叶集 1870 the first genuine epic poem. 美国历史上第一部真正(de)史诗
Poem’s 特点：most of the poems in “LeavesofGrass”are about man and nature.
9、Emily Dickinson 爱米丽.狄金森
“I died for Beauty” 我为美而死（诗歌）
Beauty / Truth / Goodness are ultimate(终极) the same
“Because I could not stop for Death”我不能等候死神
Theme：死亡是实现永恒Immortality(de)途径
“my life closed twice before its close”
“mine—by the right of the white election”
Allan Poe埃德加.阿伦.坡
“The Fall of the House of Usher”鄂谢府崩溃记、“The Raven”乌鸦
the title poem of a collection
“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque”述异集first collection of short stories. 第一部短篇小说集.
“A modern instance一个现代(de)例证“The rise of Silas Lapham”塞拉斯.拉帕姆(de)发迹
“The Amercian”美国人“Daisy Miller”黛西,米勒“The portrait of a lady”贵妇人画像“The ambassador”奉使记“The Wings of the Dove”鸽翼“the golden bowl”金碗
Twain马克.吐温
①美国现实主义文学(de)代表作“Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn”哈克贝里.费恩历险记(马克最有名(de)作品)
②特点：local colorist地方特色:a unique variation of American literary realism, it refers to the particular concern about the local character of a region.
代表作：“The Gilded Age”70-90年代,镀金时代,贫富分化,财富积累.“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”用词简单、幽默、使用当地语言编写“Life on the Mississippi”
14、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞
①代表作：“Sister Carrie”嘉莉妹妹 the first novel, which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W. Hurstwood.
“The Financier”、“The Titan”、“The Stoic”Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲
②“An American Tragedy”美国悲剧,The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s grea test and most successful novel,德莱塞最恢宏、最成功(de)小说,表达了金钱万能(de)主题.
15、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯.斯特恩斯.爱略特现代主义代言人“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”poems,holds its place in the development of Eliot’s poetry as a whole.
“Tradition and the Individual Talent”essay,随笔传统和个人天才, the earliest statement of his aesthetics第一次阐释了自己(de)审美观点.
“The Waste Land”荒原现代主义(de)标志
“Four Quartets”四个四重奏poem
“Murder in the Cathedral”,poetic tragedy, 诗歌悲诗, a drama (戏剧) of impressive spiritual power.极富感染力(de)戏剧
Frost罗伯特.弗洛斯特自然主义诗人 poet
“The Road Not Taken”、“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”向往大自然,想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑
17、Ernest Hemingway 厄恩斯特.海明威 novelist 小说家诺贝尔
代表作：“The Sun Also Rises” Hemingway became the spokesman fo r “a lost generation”
“A Farewell to Arms”、“For Whom the Bell Tolls”、“The Old Man and the Sea”
18、William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳诺贝尔
①作品(de)主题：the universal theme of “the problems of the hum an heart in conflict with itself”人类心灵与自己冲突是宇宙永恒(d
e)主题.
②作品：“The Sound and the Fury”喧嚣与骚动成名作、“Absalom, Absalom”、“Go Down, Moses”
Steinbeck约翰.斯坦贝克诺贝尔
“Of Mice and Men”人鼠之间 portrayed the tragic friendship betw een two migrant workers
“The Grapes of Wrath”愤怒(de)葡萄regarded as masterpiece 视为杰作.
20. Eugene O’Neill诺贝尔
“The Emperor Jones”琼斯国王、“Anna Christie”安娜.克里斯蒂、“The Hairy Ape”毛猿“Long days’Journey”自传
21.Saul Bellow犹太人诺贝尔
从1941年到1987年(de)4O余年间,贝娄共出版了9部.早期创作有结构优美(de)挂起来(de)人“Danglin Man”（1944）、受害者“The victim”（1947）,颇为评论界注目.（1953）(de)出版,一举成名,奠定了他(de)文学地位.由于把“丰富多彩(de)流浪汉小说与当代文化(de)精妙分析结合在一起”,这部小说成为当代美国文学中描写自意识和个人自由(de)典型之作.陆续出版了雨王汉德逊“Hederson the Rain King”（1959）、“H erzog”获得4项奖（1964）、赛姆勒先生(de)行星Mr Sammlers Plann et”（1970）、洪堡(de)礼物（1975）、系主任(de)十二月（1981）、而今更见伤心死（1987）、偷窃（1989）等.这些作品袒露了中产阶级知识分子(de)苦闷,从反映了美国当代“丰裕社会”(de)精神危机.成为美国轰动一时(de)畅销书.此外,贝娄还出版过中短篇小说集且惜今朝（195 6）和莫斯比(de)回忆（1968）,剧本最后(de)分析（1965）以及游记去来（1976）、散文集集腋成裘（1994）等.
犹太人Jewish
“The Catcher of the Rye”麦田里(de)守望者
名词解释
romanticism:
Owing to difference in social and political attitudes,the roman ticists split into two romantic writers expressed the aspirati ons of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one,of a feature society free from oppression an d were the younger generation of romanticists represented by B yron,Shelley and Keats.
Ronmanticism:
Owing to difference in social and political attitudes,the roman ticists split into two romantic writers reflected the thinking of classes ruined by the bourgoisie,and by the way of protesti ng against capitalist development turned to the feudal were th e elder generation of romanticists,sometimes called escapist ro manticists,including Wordsworth,Coleridge and Southey.
Critical Realism:
English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists decribe d with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system fr om a democratic critical realists included Charles Dickens,Tha ckeray,the Bronte Sisters and so on..
4、Lost Generation：Writers of the first postwar era self-consci ously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization. It describes the Am ericans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in se mipoverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their nat ive land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar c hanging famous writers were Hemingway,Fitzgwrald.
:Imagism was an Anglo-Amercian poetic movement flourishing in t he 1910s. Its program was formulated about 1912 by the Amercian poet,Ezra Pound and the movement soon broke up in about 1917. The imagist poetry was a kind of free verse shaking off the con ventional metres and emphasizing on the use of common speech,ne
w rhythms and clear images. The two most important English poet s of the first half of 20th century were Yeats and Eliot.
： It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. It means revival , revival of interest in ancient Greek and Ro man culture. Renaissance, in essence , was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attem pts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduc e new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoi sie , to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church is the key-note of the Renaissance.
The greatest humanist was Thomas More.
colourism：Local Colourism is a type of writing that was popula r in the late 19th century, particularly among authors in the Sou th of the U.S.. This style relied heanvily on using words, phra ses, and slang that were native to the particular region in whi ch the story take place. The term has come to mean any device w hich implies a special focus. Whether it be geographical or tem poral. A well-known loca colourism author was Mark Twain with h is books Tom Sawyer and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.。