大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷81(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷81(题后含答
案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation
Part I Writing
1．For tills part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Students’ Evaluation of Teachers following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1．近年来，很多大学把学生对教师的评价纳人教学评估体系2．就其利弊，人们观点不一3．我的看法On Students’ Evaluation of Teachers
正确答案：On Students’Evaluation of Teachers With the reformation and development of higher education, many universities have adopted the credit system instead of the traditional academic-year system, and changed teacher-centred teaching to student-centred teaching. As a result, teachers are now managed on the basis of students’ evaluation, which has aroused disputes. Many people agree that students’ opinions and evaluations of teachers are crucial to both the teaching process and the teacher-student relationship. For one thing, the teacher may reflect on his teaching, and then change accordingly. For another, mutual understanding is likely to be enhanced. However, many experts worry that some students’ judgements of their teachers are rather subjective, even strongly biased. To make things worse, some students take it as a game—”Anyway, my ideas do not count.”If so, nobody will benefit from the valueless feedback. As far as I’m concerned, students’ views should be taken into account, but not as a decisive factor in evaluation of a teacher. We used to relate the evaluation to the employment of a teacher, but if we take advantage of the evaluation as a guide, things will be much better.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文：M: Mara, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the party. W: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of the street. Then I looked for you at your home. But your grandmother said you were out. Q: What do we know about the woman?
2．
A．She went to another party yesterday.
B．She failed to find the man last night.
C．She is trying to find excuses for her fault.
D．She visited the man’s grandparents last night.
正确答案：B
解析：对话中男士问女士昨晚在哪儿，本希望在聚会上见到她；女士回答说昨晚自己在街角处等男士，后来又到男士家找他，结果他的祖母说他出去了。

由此可知，女士没找到男士。

听力原文：W: You’ve heard my report. Are there any comments?M: On the whole, I agree with what you said. But your last point about putting on a play doesn’t seem to be very practical. How can we put on a play when we’re so busy with our studies?Q: What does the man think of the woman’s report?
3．
A．He criticizes the report for its idealism.
B．He agrees with most part of the report.
C．He admits the last point in the report.
D．He denies the usefulness of the report.
正确答案：B
解析：对话中女士让男士评价一下她的报告，男士回答说整体上他认同女士的观点，但是他认为报告的最后一点关于上演一场戏剧的提议似乎不太实际，因为他们学业繁重，没有时间上演戏剧。

因此从男士的话中可知，他认同这个报告中的大部分内容。

听力原文：M: May I take the tape out? I need it to practice my English for Dr. Tedder’s listening class. W: Well. I am afraid not. The tape has been put on reserve by Dr. Tedder. If you have his written permission, we’ll let it out. Q: What should the man do to borrow the tape?
4．
A．Ask the woman in advance.
B．Write a message to Dr. Tedder.
C．Get a permit from Dr. Tedder.
D．Go to Dr. Tedder’s listening class.
正确答案：C
解析：对话中男士询问女士自己能否把磁带借走，他需要为Tedder博士的听力课程练习英语；女士回答说恐怕不行，这盘磁带已经被Tedder博士定为不能外借了，并告诉男士如果有Tedder博士的书面许可，就可以外借这盘磁带。

由此可知男士想外借磁带需得到Tedder博士的批准。

听力原文：M: Hello, this is Mark’s Bookstore. We found Mr. Wood’s key here after his leaving this morning. W: Oh, my God. He has been looking for it everywhere. He’ll pick it up this afternoon. Thank you for calling. Q: What can we learn about Mr. Wood from the conversation?
5．
A．He lost his key in Mark’s bookstore.
B．He works in Mark’s bookstore.
C．He asks the woman to pick up the key for him.
D．He doesn’t know the key was lost.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中Mark书店的男士给女士打电话，说他们今天早上在Wood先生走后发现了他的钥匙；女士表示感谢，说Wood先生一直在到处找他的钥匙，他下午会去书店拿钥匙。

由此可知Wood先生的钥匙丢在了Mark书店。

听力原文：M: Your house is always so neat, Mary. You must have a housekeeper. W: Oh, no. It would cost a lot. I enjoy keeping everything neat, and therefore I have to force myself to mop the floor and do some washing. Q: What can we know about Mary?
6．
A．She is a housewife.
B．She enjoys doing housework very much.
C．She does housework to make things in order.
D．She does nothing except mopping the floor.
正确答案：C
解析：对话中男士说女士的家总是如此整洁，他认为女士一定是雇用了一名管家；女士说没有，雇用管家费用太高。

她喜欢让所有的东西保持整洁，因此不得不强迫自己擦地板、洗衣服。

由此可知，女士经常做家务以保持整洁。

听力原文：W: Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon, Uncle Smith? M: I’d like to, Mary, but I can’t. I’ll be in surgery at 3 p. m. I’ll be operating on a patient then. Q: What is the man?
7．
A．A teacher.
B．An engineer.
C．A repairman.
D．A surgeon.
正确答案：D
解析：对话中女士问男士明天下午能否来参加她的生日聚会；男士说不能去，因为他明天下午3点要给一位病人做手术。

由男士的话可知他是一位外科医生。

听力原文：W: I was told that the flood was so strong that the railway was destroyed. How did you get to England? M: Nor was the ship. But I got there in only 2 hours. Are you clear? Q: How did the man get to England most probably?
8．
A．By ship.
B．By bus.
C．By air.
D．By train.
正确答案：C
解析：对话中女士问男士是怎么赶到英格兰的，因为她听说铁路被凶猛的洪水毁坏了；男士回答说，他也不是乘船去的，但是他2小时之内就赶到了。

根据男士的回答，他不是乘船而且2小时内就到了英格兰，可见时间很短。

由此推断男士最有可能是坐飞机去的。

听力原文：M: Prof. Smith will give a lecture in Room 105 this evening, but I don’t think all the students in our grade can go there, because it can only hold 60 persons.W: Oh, didn’t you know? They’ve doubled the size of the room by pulling down a wall.Q: What can we know from the conversation?
9．
A．The room now can hold the whole grade of students.
B．The room is so old that will be pulled down.
C．The room is three times larger than before.
D．The room has been refurbished.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中男士说Smith教授今晚会在105房间做演讲，但他认为本年级的所有学生不可能都去，因为那个房间只能容纳60个人；女士说由于房间的一面墙壁被推倒，因此这个房间的空间扩大了一倍，言外之意，这个房间可以容纳整个年级的学生。

听力原文：W: So, tell me about your new house. How is it different from your old one? M: Well, first of all, it’s much bigger. It has the same number of rooms, but each room is larger. We also have a larger garden, which our dog loves, of course! W: So, it’s a three-bedroom detached house? M: Yes. The master room is for my wife and me. There’s another for our daughter.(9)My wife wants to use the third one as a guest room, but I’d like to make it into a study. Our daughter is also keen on making it a study, so that’s probably what will happen. W: What’s the kitchen like? I know both you and your wife like to cook. M: That’s one of the reasons we chose that particular house. The kitchen and dining room are together. It’s really large. W: I bet the rooms are nice and bright. You mentioned that you like a house with sufficient sunshine. M: Exactly. That’s very important to us. We have large French windows in each room. W:(10)Do you have a balcony? M:(10)No, we don’t. We wish we had one. That’s the only thing we wanted, but don’t have. The area is very nice and the neighbors seem friendly. W: You’re right on the edge of the city, aren’t you? There can’t be much noise or traffic there. Is it easy to get into city center? M:(11)There’s some traffic, but not much. It’s not very difficult to get to the city center, but you must remember to turn left and right at the right places or you’ll get lost. So when are you going to drop
by?9. What will the third room in the man’s house probably be?10. What’s the man’s pity about the new house?11. What do we know from the man’s words about his new neighborhood?
10．
A．A study.
B．A guest room.
C．A kitchen.
D．A balcony.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中男士说他妻子想将第三间房间用作客房，但他想用作书房，他女儿的想法和他一样。

由此可知，第三间房间很可能被用作书房。

11．
A．Each room is not large enough.
B．The kitchen and dining room are separated.
C．There’s a large garden for their dogs.
D．There’s no balcony in the new house.
正确答案：D
解析：对话中女士询问男士的新房子是否有阳台，男士回答说新房子没有阳台，但他们希望能有一个阳台，阳台是他们唯一想要却没有的东西。

由此可知，对于新房子，男士感到遗憾的是没有阳台。

12．
A．It is not far from the city center.
B．It is very quiet but there’s lot traffic.
C．It is easy to get to the city center and there’s a little traffic.
D．It is very noisy and difficult to get to the city center.
正确答案：C
解析：对话中男士说新搬入的街区很安静，交通也很顺畅，到达市中心并不困难，但必须记住左转右转的位置，否则很容易迷路。

由此可知，从男士的新家很容易到达市中心并且交通堵塞不是很严重。

听力原文：M: How do you think people get their personalities? W:(12)I think it’s mainly from the environment a person lives.M: Don’t you think people get their personalities from their parents?W: No, but parents control a lot of the environment that kids grow up in, so they certainly influence their kid’s personalities a lot.M: So why do you think many kids have personalities that are so different from their parents?W: Maybe when they become teenagers, they want to be completely different from their parents.M: You might be right.(13)I guess most parents want their kids to be like them, but kids today grow up in a different environment. You know, they know much more about the world from the Internet, newspapers, and TV.W: Do you think
that teenagers get a lot of their bad behavior from TV and movies?M: Maybe some of it. I think a lot of people blame TV and movies(14)while the real problem is that the parents aren’t bringing their child up correctly. By the way, your son is doing well at school, isn’t he?W: Yes, he is.(15)He’s very hardworking when he’s at school. Then he comes home from school and does homework before dinner. After dinner, he goes out with his friends.M:(15)So, he’s not a bookworm? It’s good that he has an outgoing personality. Some kids are very quiet and introverted. You wonder they’ll survive in the real world without their parents to support them.12. Where does the woman believe people’s personality mainly comes from?13. Why kids and parents have different personalities according to the man?14. What’s the reason for teenagers developing their bad behavior according to the man?15. What can we know about the woman’s son?
13．
A．From their parents.
B．From their living conditions.
C．From the environment they live.
D．From the TV and movies.
正确答案：C
解析：对话开头，男士询问女士对人们性格形成的看法，女士回答说她认为人们性格的形成主要还是由人们所生活的环境所决定的。

14．
A．Teenagers want to be different from their parents.
B．Teenagers grow up in a different environment.
C．Parents don’t want their kids to be the same as them.
D．Parents want their kids to be outstanding.
正确答案：B
解析：对话中间部分，男士提到他认为父母和孩子拥有不同性格的主要原因是孩子们的生活环境不一样了，他们可以通过网络、报纸和电视了解许多东西。

15．
A．Being brought up incorrectly by their parents.
B．Being influenced by TV and movies.
C．Being affected by the changes of living conditions.
D．Surfing the Internet day and night.
正确答案：A
解析：对话中间部分，男士提到许多人责怪电视和电影对孩子造成了负面影响，而真正的问题是父母没有正确地教导孩子。

16．
A．He always does his homework immediately after dinner.
B．He is a hardworking and extroverted boy.
C．He can get high mark though he doesn’t work hard.
D．He likes playing games with his friends after dinner.
正确答案：B
解析：对话结尾，女士说起自己的儿子很自豪，夸儿子很努力学习，一回家就做作业，晚饭过后才和朋友们出去玩，男士夸女士的儿子是个性格外向的好孩子。

Section B
听力原文：Where we choose to live can have a huge impact on our life. Living in an unfriendly neighborhood, or one where residents move often, can make it harder to find childcare help or other support. On the other hand, settling in a peaceful rural hamlet may seem like a great way to balance your life—until you realize you can’t stand the slow dial-up Internet access any more. A recent survey tackled the question of what bonds us to the places we live, and its findings suggest(16)the quality of our life is a more influential factor than economists might think. Given a choice, most people don’t care as much about the local economy as they do about the social offerings, physical beauty and openness of a locale, says a recent survey of about 14 000 people in 26 communities by Gallup. Those intangibles—how warm, welcoming and fun a community seems to be—are apparently why people in Miami tend to like it even more than they did last year. Residents of Minneapolis had an above-average regard for their town.(17)Even in hard-pressed Detroit, citizens are liking life a little more than in recent years, perhaps because of better parks, green spaces and recreational opportunities.(18)In my case, living in the Pacific Northwest is a tradeoff(折中). My town of Portland offers wonderful outdoor-sports access, edgy culture and natural beauty.(18)However, as one who has worked in journalism and publishing all my life, I find many of my career contacts are a continent away, in New York.16. What is the most important factor for people to choose the places they live?17. What makes people in Detroit like their life more?18. What can we infer about the speaker from the passage?19. What does the passage mainly talk about?
17．
A．The quality of life.
B．The local economy.
C．The friends and relatives.
D．The natural beauty.
正确答案：A
解析：短文指出，研究发现，选择住处时，生活质量是一个比经济学家可以想象的更具影响力的因素。

18．
A．The warm and welcoming community.
B．The improved natural and social environment.
C．The rich natural resources.
D．Low pressure and high income from work.
正确答案：B
解析：短文指出，底特律的压力很大，但是其居民现在也比前几年更加热爱生活，也许原因在于美化的公园、绿色的空间以及丰富多彩的娱乐设施。

19．
A．He regrets living in the Pacific Northwest.
B．He now works in international trade.
C．He feels inconvenient to contact his friends.
D．He makes a different choice from his career associates.
正确答案：D
解析：本文结尾部分讲话指出自己一生都在新闻和出版界工作，他的很多同事都远在大陆彼岸的纽约，但是他却选择了住在西北太平洋地区。

20．
A．The disadvantages of living in the rural area.
B．The importance of improving living environment.
C．The most important thing in choosing where to live.
D．The cities which are better-facilitated for outdoor sports.
正确答案：C
解析：短文开头即指出，选择住在哪里，可能会对我们的生活产生巨大的影响。

短文主体部分具体论述了影响我们选择安家之地的主要因素。

听力原文：(20)Students seeking success should look for mentors among rising young stars instead of established big names in their field, according to the first large-scale study of mentorship. Such findings might also extend beyond academia to business, the military and the arts, if future studies of mentorship come up with similar results. An exhaustive family tree of mathematicians dating back to Isaac Newton allowed researchers to study a sample of 7 259 mathematicians who graduated between 1900 and 1960.(21)The networking data showed that successful academics did a much better job in mentoring students during the first third of their careers , rather than the last third of their careers. “What we observe is that when proteges(门徒)select mentors who are relatively young prospective superstars, they in turn become hotshots themselves,”said Dean Malmgren, a chemical and biological engineer at Northwestern University in Evanston. By contrast, students who hoped to ride on coattails of a big shot mentor late in that person’s career fared less well. Students trained by mathematicians who were in the first third of his or her career went on to train 29% more students than expected, while students trained by
mathematicians in the last third of his or her career went on to train 31% fewer students than expected. The pattern proved itself as a consistently strong signal across the decades and not just a flash in the pan, Malmgren said.(22)He suspected that the amount of face time a mentor can spend with students has much to do with the different mentorship results, even if the study did not assess the exact causes behind the patterns.20. What kind of mentors should students choose to achieve success?21. During which period of career did mathematicians do better in mentoring students?22. According to Malmgren, what might be related to the different mentorship results?
21．
A．Young superstars.
B．Established scholars.
C．Successful academics.
D．Masters of a certain field.
正确答案：A
解析：本文开头指出，研究发现，要想成功不应师从泰斗，而要追随那些在专业领域崭露头角的年轻明星。

22．
A．During the first half of their careers.
B．During the first third of their careers.
C．During the second half of their careers.
D．During the last third of their careers.
正确答案：B
解析：短文中间部分提到，一个上溯至牛顿的数学家族谱图让研究人员得以对7 259名数学家进行研究，这些数学家都毕业于1900到1960年。

人际网数据显示，与教职生涯的最后的三分之一相比，有建树的学者在教职生涯的前三分之一时间内培养了更多的好学生。

23．
A．The age of mentors.
B．The rank of them in the field.
C．The amount of training time.
D．The talent of mentors.
正确答案：C
解析：短文最后提到，Malmgren猜测教学结果的好坏与老师和学生的会面时间长短有很大关系。

听力原文：Birth order within families has long sparked sibling rivalry, but it might also impact the child’s personality and intelligence, a new study suggests. Tiffany L. Frank, a doctoral candidate at Adelphi University in Long Island, NY, who lead the study, and her colleagues surveyed 90 pairs of siblings in high schools.
Subjects were asked to report their grades and rank themselves as compared with their siblings on intelligence, work ethic and academic performance. The researchers also obtained academic tests scores and grades to verify the students’own reports.(23)First-borns received higher tests scores, in math and verbal ability, while later-born children had better grade point averages in English and math. In a second experiment researchers looked at differences in personality between 76 pairs of siblings in high school. Subjects rated themselves on a series of statements designed to assess personality.(24)Later-born siblings were found to be more extroverted, sentimental, forgiving and open to new experiences than their older siblings. First-borns were found to be more likely to pursue perfection than their younger siblings. Why?(25)First-borns might score higher on measures of intelligence, because, at some point in their lives, they were only children who were the sole recipients of their parents’attention. Younger siblings might earn better grades, because they received mentoring from first-borns who already had to tackle certain subjects, the researchers say. Also, later-born children might feel extra pressure to be competitive, and might try to out-do their older siblings in the hopes of gaining extra attention from parents. The youngsters might also be more open to new experiences, because they “see the obstacles that their older siblings have overcome and therefore feel more secure in challenging themselves,” the researchers say.23. According to the study, who do better in math and posses better verbal ability?24. What is the personality of later-born children according to the study?25. Why do the first-borns score higher in intelligence measurement?
24．
A．First-born children.
B．The youngest children.
C．The neglected children.
D．Later-born children.
正确答案：A
解析：短文介绍说，研究发现排行老大的孩子在数学和语言能力测试中得分更高，而排行较小的孩子的英语和数学成绩平均积分点更高。

gradepoint average 意为“成绩平均积分点，平均绩点”。

25．
A．They tend to be more introverted.
B．They are more likely to pursue perfection.
C．They are more open to new experiences.
D．They are more dependent on parents.
正确答案：C
解析：短文中间部分指出，排行较小的孩子更为外向、感情用事、宽容并乐于尝试新鲜事物。

26．
A．They receive full attention from parents for some time.
B．They are born to be more competitive.
C．They are required to be role models.
D．They gain experience from their siblings.
正确答案：A
解析：短文最后提到排行老大的孩子在智力测试中得分更高，并指出其原因是在儿时有一段时间他们是家中唯一的孩子，得到了父母全心全意的关注和培养。

Section C
听力原文：Commercial aquaculture can be a(26)profitable and environmentally sustainable activity if conducted with the right methods in the right waters, according to a report(27)issued by the US. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Practices in various localities(28)consistently show that “farming with minimal or acceptable environmental effects is possible in many ecosystems as long as proper safeguards are in place to(29)minimize nutrient and chemical discharge and to manage its immediate and cumulative impacts,” according to the NOAA report. The report notes that changing trends in aquaculture practices Have lowered the number of water-quality problems from the number detected in the early years of the industry. Farms that (30)are located in deep, well-flushed waters can usually avoid creating risks for the water quality of benthic(深海底的)communities. If waters are not well flushed and sufficiently deep, feeding the caged fish can lead to excessive(31)accumulation of nutrients and wastes, which endangers the balance necessary to sustain wild populations. About half of all fish(32)consumed globally are produced in farms, and the amount is likely to increase to meet the world’s demands for protein. Overfishing of many traditional fishing grounds has depleted native supplies just as expanding populations and greater(33)affluence create a demand for more fish in the markets. The rising world population is becoming more(34)reliant on aquaculture for food production. In the US, domestic aquaculture can aid in decreasing US dependence on imported products, provide jobs and food security, and meet the rising demand for seafood. NOAA is working to(35)ensure that industry growth occurs within a framework of environmental responsibility and ocean stewardship.
Commercial aquaculture can be a【B1】______and environmentally sustainable activity if conducted with the right methods in the right waters, according to a report【B2】______by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Practices in various localities【B3】______show that “farming with minimal or acceptable environmental effects is possible in many ecosystems as long as proper safeguards are in place to【B4】______nutrient and chemical discharge and to manage its immediate and cumulative impacts,” according to the NOAA report. The report notes that changing trends in aquaculture practices have lowered the number of water-quality problems from the number
detected in the early years of the industry. Farms that【B5】______deep, well-flushed waters can usually avoid creating risks for the water quality of benthic(深海底的)communities. If waters are not well flushed and sufficiently deep, feeding the caged fish can lead to excessive【B6】______of nutrients and wastes, which endangers the balance necessary to sustain wild populations. About half of all fish【B7】______globally are produced in farms, and the amount is likely to increase to meet the world’s demands for protein. Overfishing of many traditional fishing grounds has depleted native supplies just as expanding populations and greater【B8】______create a demand for more fish in the markets. The rising world population is becoming more【B9】______aquaculture for food production. In the US, domestic aquaculture can aid in decreasing US dependence on imported products, provide jobs and food security, and meet the rising demand for seafood. NOAA is working to【B10】______that industry growth occurs within a framework of environmental responsibility and ocean stewardship.
27．【B1】
正确答案：profitable
解析：根据空格后的and和sustainable可知，空格处需填入形容词(短语)，与sustainable构成并列成分。

profitable意为“有利的”。

28．【B2】
正确答案：issued
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入后置定语修饰a report。

issued 意为“(被)发布的”。

29．【B3】
正确答案：consistently
解析：由空格后的show可知，空格处应填入副词。

consistently意为“一贯地”。

30．【B4】
正确答案：minimize
解析：根据空格前的to可知，空格处应填入动词(词组)。

minimize意为“使……减到最小”。

31．【B5】
正确答案：are located in
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作谓语，故应填入谓语动词(词
组)。

are located in意为“位于”。

32．【B6】
正确答案：accumulation
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入名词中心词。

accumulation意为“积累”。

33．【B7】
正确答案：consumed
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入形容词作后置定语修饰fish。

consumed意为“(被)消费的”
34．【B8】
正确答案：affluence
解析：根据空格前的形容词greater 可知，空格处应填入名词(词组)。

affluence意为“富裕”。

35．【B9】
正确答案：reliant on
解析：根据空格前的more可知，空格处应填入形容词(短语)。

reliant on 意为“依赖”。

36．【B10】
正确答案：ensure
解析：根据空格前的to可知，空格处应填入动词(词组)。

ensure意为“确保”。

Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
A research presented to the AAAS meeting in San Diego suggests that much of the world prefers to take a siesta(午睡). It has already been established that those who take a siesta are less【C1】______to die of heart disease. Now, Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that they probably have better memory, too. The role of sleep in【C2】______memories that have already been created has been understood for some time. Dr. Walker has been trying to【C3】______this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place. He was particularly【C4】
______in a type of memory called episodic(片断式的)memory, which relates to specific events, places and times. This contrasts with procedural memory, of the skills required to【C5】______some sort of mechanical task, such as driving. The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories【C6】______with accrued wakefulness, and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning. They asked a group of 39 people to【C7】______in two learning sessions, one at noon and one at 6 pm. On each occasion the participants tried to memorize and【C8】______100 combinations of pictures and names. After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group, which remained awake, or a nap group, which had 100 minutes of【C9】______sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. Those who napped, by contrast,【C10】______improved their capacity to learn, doing better in the evening than they had at noon. These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.A)actually F)extend K)participateB)consolidating G)interested L)performC)degrades H)interfered M)recallD)deteriorates I)likely N)subsequentlyE)excited J)monitored O)suggest 37．【C1】
正确答案：I
解析：固定搭配题。

空格所在句主要说明午睡与心脏病的关系，并且这种关系已经成了一种定论。

结合下一句提到的研究者发现午睡的人可能记忆力更好，由此推断空格所在句也是讲午睡的积极作用。

因此I)likely“可能的”符合句意，belikely to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“可能发生某事”。

38．【C2】
正确答案：B
解析：动词辨析题。

结合句意．空格所在句主要说明睡眠对记忆产生的作用。

结合首段一直在围绕睡眠的积极作用展开讨论，可知B)consolidating“巩固，加强”符合句意，故为答案。

39．【C3】
正确答案：F
解析：动词辨析题。

本段首句就提出，人们早已知道睡眠能够对已存在的记忆产生作用，所以Walker博士的研究是在人们已有认识的基础上进行的，是对以往认识的延伸和扩展，故选F)extend“延伸”。

40．【C4】
正确答案：G
解析：固定搭配题。

由空格后的介词in可知，空格所填词应能与其构成搭
配。

联系上一句可知，Walker博士一直在研究睡眠在大脑形成记忆的初始阶段扮演的角色，再根据空格所在句中的particularly和episodic memory“情景记忆”可知，Walker博士热衷于记忆方面的研究。

故答案为G)interested“感兴趣的，关心的”，be interested in…为固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣”。

41．【C5】
正确答案：L
解析：动词辨析题。

分析句子结构，空格处应填一个动词与空格后的task 构成动宾短语。

联系句意，这和“程序性记忆”形成对照，程序性记忆是——机械任务所需的技能，如开车，可知L)perform“执行”符合题意，故为答案。

42．【C6】
正确答案：D
解析：动词辨析题。

本文首段就指出，睡眠能对人们的记忆力产生积极作用。

由此可推测，人们随着清醒程度的加深，其形成新的记忆的能力就越弱。

据此可推测出，D)deteriorates“恶化”符合题意，故为答案。

43．【C7】
正确答案：K
解析：动词辨析题。

分析句子结构，空格所填词应该为动词且能与其后的in two learning sessions搭配，因此答案为K)participate“参加，参与”。

participate in sth．为同定搭配，此处指参加两个时间段的学习活动。

44．【C8】
正确答案：M
解析：动词辨析题。

Walker博士和他团队的实验目的就是研究人们睡眠前后记忆能力的差异，由此推测实验应该是让受试者“回忆”100组图片和名字的组合。

所以选M)recall “回想”，一般指对自己或他人的过去进行有意识的回忆。

45．【C9】
正确答案：J
解析：动词辨析题。

本句说明分别对两组受试者进行测试，or连接的两组受试者分别用which引导的定语从句对其采用的不同测试方法进行说明。

a nap group与a control group 相对，而小睡组的睡眠时间在实验中应该是受到监视的，因此答案为J)monitored“监视”，在此处为过去分词作定语修饰名词sleep。

46．【C10】
正确答案：A
解析：副词辨析题。

根据句意，与那些一直保持清醒的“受控制组”相比，那些小睡的人提高了学习能力，这是实验证实的结果，故A)actually“实际上，事实上”符合句意，故为答案。

Section B
The Science Behind the Numbers That Govern Our LivesA)Numbers are everywhere in your life. You can assign a number to just about anything. Numbers work because they get our attention, but they’re also fairly easy to manipulate. Here’s the latest thinking about the science behind the numbers that govern our lives. 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a dayB)”It’s a lot more useful than ‘eat a varied diet’,”says Mike Rayner, director of the Nuffield Department of Population Health, “because how do we know what that really means? Health messages tend to work if they capture the public’s imagination. There’s a mixture of art and science in setting them at the right level, between what’s ideal and what’s pragmatic. “C)And so it was with the five-a-day campaign, which began in 1994. “We adopted a five-a-day message because the Americans had a similar scheme, and the World Health Organisation’s recommendation was 400g a day, which was about 50% more than the average person in the UK was eating,” Rayner says. But in the countries where the WHO had found the lowest levels of heart disease and cancers linked to diet, the average person was eating far more fruit and vegetable—around 10 portions a day—and other countries recommend greater amounts: in Denmark, it’s 600g; in Greece, it’s six portions of vegetables and three of fruit. So although five will do you good, more might be better. It’s estimated that most people in the UK still average only three portions. “Based on this rate of increase,” Rayner says, “it will take decades before we’re hitting the target.”2 000 calories a day for women, 2 500 for menD)In the documentary Super Size Me, Morgan Spurlock’s camera crew ask people on the street to define “calorie”. Most can’t. As Marion Nestle and Maiden Nesheim recount in their book Why Calories Count: From Science To Politics, Spurlock’s crew “could not find even one person who could come up with a reasonable definition”.E)There are actually five different measurements for calories as a unit of energy. The guideline we most commonly think of—2 000, or 2 500 a day—is in calories with a small c. Around two-thirds of the total calories you need are defined by your basal metabolic rate(BMR)—the amount of energy you expend just existing: that’s breathing, brain function, blood circulation. On top of that, anything you do, including shivering or fidgeting(坐立不安), let alone walking or running, will increase the number of calories you need.F)Your BMR is affected by your weight and height(different formula will give different totals)and the amount of activity each of us does each day will vary greatly. So do the average calorie guidelines really apply to any of us? “It’s hard to arrive at anything approaching the correct number without doing expensive tests involving non-radioactive isotopes(同位素),”admits Nestle. So, would we be better off using one of those online calculators that gives us an individual number? “Good grief, no,” she says. “If you are going to buy anything, get a scale that works.。