【人教新课标高一必修4】主谓一致

主谓一致
英语中主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和邻近一致。

★语法一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即谓语动词的单复数依主语的单复数而定。

主语为单数时谓语动词用单数，主语为复数时谓语动词也用复数。

★意义一致是指不依语法形式而侧重于根据实质意义处理主谓关系，根据主语所表达的实际含义确定谓语动词的单复数。

如：“half / all / some / the rest / lots /分数 / 百分数+ of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of 之后的名词的单复数保持一致。

and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。

但若and连接的两部分指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词则常用单数。

由and连接的两个单数名词作主语，如果前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常要用单数。

★邻近一致是指谓语动词的单复数与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。

如：either ... or，neither ... nor， not only ... but also，not ... but，there be ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数与靠近它的主语一致。

【知错就改】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。

1. Mary is one of the girls who is always on time.
2. Tom is the only one of the members who are going to be promoted.
3. What caused the accident yesterday was the stones on the road.
4. The singer and dancer are to attend our party.
5. Helen, as well as her brothers, were hurt in the accident.
6. A number of cars is parked in front of the park.
7. Mathematics are the language of science.
8. Many a person have read the novel.
【答案与解析】
1. 第二个is改为are。

关系词who引导定语从句，who在此指代girls，故谓语动词用复数。

2. are改为is。

who引导定语从句，指代one，因此谓语动词用单数。

3. was改为were。

本句的主语是what引导的名词性从句，what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的数取决于what所代表的内容。

在此what指代the stones，故谓语动词应用复数。

4. are改为is或and后加the。

当“名词+and+名词”结构表示一种事物或一种概念时，应用单形动词。

5. were改为was。

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。

6. is改为are。

“a number of +名词复数”后的谓语动词用复数；“the number of+ 名词复数”后的谓语动词用单数。

7. are改为is。

英语中以“-s”结尾的学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

8. have改为has。

用many a或more than one修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

【即学即练】用括号内单词的正确形式完成下面的短文。

I want to introduce my class to you. My class 1. ________ (be) very small and there 2. ________ (be) only 20 students in it. Eleven of us 3. ________ (be) boys and the others 4. ________ (be) girls. All of us 5. ________ (be) getting along well with each other. None of us 6. ________ (have) quarrelled with each other. Every boy and every girl 7. ________ (help) each other in every subject, so nobody 8. ________ (fail) in any exam. Our headmaster often 9. ________ (praise) us for that. Every weekend, there 10. ________ (be) always a meeting and our headmaster, with five of us, 11.
________ (attend) it, discussing how to make our class better.
Such 12. ________ (be) our class, a happy and friendly family.
答案
【即学即练】
1. is
2. are
3. are
4. are
5. are
6. have / has
7. helps
8. fails
9. praises 10. is 11. attends 12. is。