高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 21 Human Biology课下作业 北师大版选修7-北师大版高三

Unit 21 Human Biology
写作句型锤炼
核心句型升级
先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心
某英文报正就“智能手机的利与弊〞这一话题进展讨论。

请你根据提示用英语写一篇短文给该报投稿，并就合理使用智能手机提出自己的建议。

好处了解更多信息，缓解压力
坏处缺少面对面交流，影响工作、学习和休息
你的建议……
注意：1.开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.词数100左右；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Smartphones have become part of our daily life.
【参考范文】
Smartphones_have_become_part_of_our_daily_life.①Wherever we are, we can see people busy playing with their smartphones.
Smartphones benefit us. They not only help us get information around the world more quickly and easily, but also relieve the pressures of life.
However, every coin has two sides.②When spending too much time on smartphones, we
don’t have time to communicate face to face with our friends or family, and our life, studies and work will be badly affected.
In my opinion, we should avoid using smartphones too much except for the purpose of learning. Meanwhile，it’s necessary for us to take part in more outdoor activities.
后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来
►根据句①仿写
1.不管你做什么事情，粗心不是一个好习惯。

Being careless is not a good habit，whatever/no_matter_what_you_do.
►根据句②仿写
2.那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好似腿部受了重伤。

The football player is rolling on the ground as_if_hurt_badly_in_the_leg.
[会书写]
一、核心单词
1.digest vt. 消化
2.abuse vt. 滥用
3.seek vt. 寻找
4.annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
5.cater vi. 满足；迎合
6.treat vt. 款待
7.postpone vt. 推迟；延期
8.decline vi. 下降
9.circumstance n. 情形；情况
10.rebuild vt. 重建
二、阅读单词
1.fundamental adj. 根本的；根底的
2.circulate vi. 循环
3 pulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的
4.temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的
5.emotion n. 情感，情绪
6.routine n. 常规；惯例
7.interval n. 间隔；间歇
8.enhance vt. 增强，提高
9.controversial adj. 有争议的
10.contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾
11.violate vt. 违反，违背
12 plicated adj. 复杂的
13.interpret vt. 翻译，解释
14.identify vt. 确定；认出，识别
15.minimum n. 最低；最小
16.prescription n. 处方
17.institution n. 团体；公共机构
18.extension n. 延期
19.sceptical adj. 怀疑的
20.absurd adj. 不合理的；荒谬的
三、拓展单词
1.unite vt.联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n.联合
2.tolerate vt.容忍→toleration n.容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的→tolerance n.宽容；容忍
3.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的n.反义词→opposition n.反方；对立面→opposed adj.相反的，对立的
4.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n.禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
5.faith n.信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地
6.equip vt.装备；使有准备→equipment n.装备；装备品
7.submit vt.认为；提交→submission n.屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissive adj.服从的
8.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n.特权
9.fortune n.大笔钱财；巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
10.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n.抢劫犯→robbery n.抢劫
11.concern n.& vt.担心；担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于
[会积累]
1.“annual〞相关形容词全扫描
①minutely每分钟的
②hourly 每小时的
③daily 每日的
④weekly 每周的
⑤monthly 每月的
⑥quarterly 每季度的
2.表示“推迟/耽搁〞的词汇
①postpone v.
②delay v.& n.
③hold up
④put off
3.聚焦“状况，情况〞相关名词
①circumstance ②state
③situation ④condition
⑤status
4.盘点含有re-前缀的高频单词
①rearrange v. 重新排列
②recover v. 重新遮盖
③reconsider v. 重新考虑
④rebuild v. 重建
⑤reproduction n. 再生产
⑥reunion n. 重逢
⑦reconstruction n. 重建，复原
5.“oppose〞近/反义词大全
①reject v.拒绝
②object v.反对；不赞成
③agree v.同意→disagree v.反对
④agreement n.同意→disagreement n.不同意
⑤approve v.赞成；批准→disapprove v.不赞成
⑥approval n.赞成；批准→disapproval n.不赞成
6.“财富〞相关名词小聚
①fortune ②treasure
③wealth ④posse ssion
⑤property
[会应用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
2.I admire you for your tolerance，because you can tolerate things which can’t be tolerant.(tolerate)
3.Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I’m concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.(concern)
4.Several robbersrobbed the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)
5.As a famous saying goes，union is strength.If united，we can overcome all the difficulties，so let’s unite together.(unite)
6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan.Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out.(oppose)
7.As we all know，an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)
8.They prepared a report for submission to the council，in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit)
9.The manager has faith in his secretary，because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith)
10.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune，but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)
Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用
[会书写]
1.at_all_costs 不管多大代价
2.miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会
3.focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准
4.straight_away 立刻，马上
5.wipe_out 彻底消灭
6.at_any_rate 无论如何；至少
7.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气
8.at_random 随便地，随意地
9.get down to 开始做
10.bring up 教育；抚养；呕吐
11.clear up 整理；解释；澄清；放晴
12.put off 推迟；延期
13.stop sth in its tracks 终止；消灭
14.rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
15.get through 通过(考试)；完成
[会积累]
1.“立即，即刻〞全接触
①immediately adv. 立即，即刻
②instantly adv. 即刻，马上
③at once 立即
④in no time 立刻，马上
⑤in a flash 即刻
⑥right now/away 立刻
⑦straight away 立刻
2.表示“开始/着手做某事〞的短语精选
①get down to doing sth
②set out to do sth
③set about doing sth
④settle down to sth
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth
[会应用] 选用上表左栏短语填空
1.He will wipe_out the marks with an eraser.
2.It’s time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.
3.They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather.
4.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
5.It is raining now，but I think it will clear_up soon.
6.It’s not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
7.I tried to make his peace with her，but in_vain.
st week，I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home. Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写
句型公式1：It is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do...
[教材原句] It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进展检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

[句型仿写] It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.
他这次或许能通过驾照考试。

句型公式2：rather than是一个并列连词，表示“而不是〞
[教材原句] The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

[句型仿写] As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。

句型公式3：It seems ＋ n.＋that...“……看起来是……的〞
[教材原句] It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。

[句型仿写] It_seems_such_a_pity_that you should have to spend the day at the hotel. 你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情。

句型公式4：sb/sth be believed to...“某人或某物被认为是……〞
[教材原句] Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病，它在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人。

[句型仿写]The book is_said_to_have_been_translated_into several foreign languages.
这本书据说已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。

Ⅳ.语篇填空—回顾·补全·热诵
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.Now records 1.have_fallen (fall) in track and field due to better equipment，training and diet since the 2.first (one) Olympic Games.But we come across the issue of performance-enhancing drugs，3.which is known as doping.Some athletes who abuse the drugs risk 4.facing (face) serious health problems in later life.They seek
5.to_achieve (achieve) beyond their natural limits.It is compulsory for winners
6.to_be_tested (test) but other participants are only tested
7.at random.What’s more，“gene-therapy〞 will be the next big threat.In the future，athletes who have their genes
8.changed (change) might be able to do better
9.than they should be so 10.if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the word “hero〞 will have lost all meaning.
Ⅴ.语篇改错—回顾·修正·热诵
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉与一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

One of the earliest epidemic on record happened about 500—550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’s，“The Black Death〞appeared in Asia，that spread rapid.Years ago，SARS breaks out.Since then，scientists had been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made，we have faith which there will be solutions to stop it.
答案
One of the earliest epidemic epidemics
on record happened about 500—550 AD when then Roman emperor at the time was attempted attempting
to rebuild the Roman Empire.In the 1330’s ，“The Black Death〞appeared in Asia ，that which spread rapid rapidly .Years ago ，SARS breaks broke
out.Since then ，scientists had have
been doing trials to prevent it.Before SARS ，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been most acute epidemic in history because
it killed 50 million people in 18 months.However ，since Bird Flu first
appeared in 1997，it has taken many more
than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made ，we have faith which that
there will be solutions to stop it.
[核 心 词 汇]
1.seek (sought ，sought )vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图
seek sth from sb 向某人请求/寻求某物
seek after/for sb(sth) 寻求某人(某物)
seek one ’s fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会
seek out 找出；寻出
seek to do sth 试图做某事
①They sought out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他们找到了一个方便坐下休息的地方。

②We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us. 我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。

③You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
这件事情你应该寻求律师的建议。

[一言串记] He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice from his teacher and shouldn’t seek after/for comfort，personal fame or gain.
他告诉我们他要去碰碰运气，我建议他这件事情他应该请教他的教师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。

2.oppose vt.& vi.反对；对抗
(1)oppose doing sth 反对做某事
oppose sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth
反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立
①Many residents oppose/are opposed to building (build) the motorway.It is not a wise decision.
许多居民反对修建那条高速公路，那可不是个明智的决定。

②Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to her (she)marrying a boy from the poor family.
她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。

[名师指津]
(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。

be opposed to结构中，to 是介词，其后也要用动词-ing形式。

(2)表示“反对〞的短语：be opposed to，object to，be against 等。

3.postpone vt.推迟；延期
postpone doing sth 延缓做某事，推迟做某事
postpone sth until/to... 把某事推迟到……
①I decided not to postpone studying(study) (as I normally do ！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.(教材原句)
我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。

②We are postponing our trip until the weather is fine.
我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。

4.prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
(1)prohibit (doing) sth 禁止(做)某事
(2) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫prohibit sb from doing sth prohibit sb's doing sth 禁止某人做某事 (3)prohibition n . 禁止；禁令
①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go) to the science museum. 是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。

②Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people ’s using mobile phones in some places.
→Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people fromusing mobile phones in some places.
一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。

③They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。

[名师指津] 类似于“prohibit sb from doing sth〞的表达法：
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫①prevent sb 〔from 〕 doing sth ②stop sb 〔from 〕 doing sth ③keep sb 〔from 〕 doing sth 阻止某人做某事 5.decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝n.下降；衰退
[一词多义] 写出如下句中decline 的词性和含义
①I invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.v.谢绝
②The company reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降
③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.v.下降
④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.n.衰退
(1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事
decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降
(2)on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退
⑤The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。

6.equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
(1)equip...with... 用……装备……
equip...for sth/to do sth 为了……而装备……
be equipped for/to do sth 为……装备好；做好准备
(2)equipment [U] 设备，设施
①Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请准备一支削好的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。

②They are skills w hich equip them for real situations they might face in their lives. 这些技能可以让他们应付生活中可能会发生的真实状况。

③The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment(equip)，allowing more patients to be treated.
最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人得到治疗。

7.submit vt.提交；递交vi.& vt.服从，屈服
submit...to... 把……提交给……；向……提出
submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服从
submit to 服从于，屈服于
①In that case they had to submit themselves/them (they) to his judgement.
在那种情况下他们不得不服从他的判决。

②He submitted_to the headmaster’s order finally that all teachers should submit_that_report_to the headmaster.
他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的教师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。

[名师指津] 在submit...to...短语中，submit是与物动词，意为“呈交，提交〞；而在submit to 短语中，submit是不与物动词，意为“服从，屈服〞
8.at all costs不惜代价地，无论如何
(1)at the cost/expense of...
丧失，牺牲；以……为代价
at a cost of... 以……的费用/价格
at any cost 以任何代价
(2)cost sb sth 花某人……，使某人付出/丧失
①The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to_succeed_at_all_costs.(教材原句) 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

②The hero saved the boy’s life out of the burning library at the cost of his own life，which was put up at a cost of one million dollars last year.
英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的去年耗资100万美元建起来的图书馆里救出了那个男孩。

③It’s a pity that careless_driving_cost_him_his_life the other day.
遗憾的是，粗心驾驶使他那天失去了生命。

9.at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少
at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去
at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的价格
①If trends continue the way they’re going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at_any_rate.
如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式开展下去的话，我认为至少在兴旺国家是那样的。

②We’re working so slowly that，at_this_rate，we’ll never finish the job.
我们干得太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活。

③The train was traveling at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour.
火车以每小时100公里的速度行驶。

[重点句型]
1.It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进展检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb to do...〞结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进展评价。

这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。

①It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。

②Nowadays it_is_important_for_us_students_to_master a foreign language.
现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。

(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb to do...〞结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。

这类形容词有 kind，good，right，clever，foolish 等。

③It’s_clever_of_you_to_work_out the maths problem.
你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。

2.The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……〞，这一表达方式通常用
在平行结构中，连接一样的句子成分，即rather than 前后两局部在成分和形式上应当一致。

①If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining(complain).
如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。

(2)常用句型
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫
prefer to do sth rather than do sth would do sth rather than do sth would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而，不愿做…… ②She preferred to_stay (stay)at home rather than go (go)shopping with him. 她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。

(3)rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。

③Mary，rather than you ，is_to_blame_for not finishing the work on time.
是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。

[当 堂 达 标]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The police are still seeking (寻找) the men involved in last week ’s robbery.
2.That is why we decided to postpone (推迟) the discussion.
3.An increase in cars has resulted in the decline (下降) of public transport.
4.As far as I know ，the manager is strongly opposed (反对) to the plan.
5.Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration.
6.Smoking is prohibited (禁止) in public buildings or in the crowded buses.
7.All the parents want to equip (装备) their children with some special skills.Thus，they can live better in the future.
8.Those who know how to tolerate (容忍) others can naturally lead a happy life. Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It’s possible for him to open a new company of his own.
2.They always look for excuses to postpone doing (do) something.
3.I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone.
4.I have never sought to_hide (hide) my views.I hope you will not misunderstand me.
5.Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than before.
6.We can’t submit to the fate.Instead，we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.
7.More and more people tend to read books by computers or phones rather than go (go) to library.
8.He is said to have_been_working (work) in this factory for more than twenty years.
9.He bought the sweater at a cost of 80 yuan，and it was a real bargain.
10.The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against/on the hunting of whales.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your
2.It is nice for you to give us so much help. for→of
3.Their father told them not to touch the new computer under any circumstance.circumstance→circumstanc es
4.They said the director，rather than the clerks，were responsible for the incident.were→was
5.In addition，they spend money on fishing equipments，fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment
Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译
1.We all strongly oppose driving after drinking.
→We are all strongly opposedtodriving after drinking.
2.The people had to submit themselves to the new rulers when they lost the war. →The people had to submitto the new rulers when they lost the war.
3.我不能容忍被嘲笑。

①I can’t tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)
②I can’t bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)
③I can’t put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)
4.让我们感到高兴的是，近来这个地区的抢劫案的数量在下降。

①To our delight，the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.(decline v.)
②To our delight，the_number_of_robberies_is_on_the_decline in this area recently.(on the decline)
③To our delight，there_is_a_decline_in_the_number_of_robberies in this area recently.(decline n.)
[课下作业]
A卷
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.It took me some time to digest (消化) what I have learned.
2.She is continually abusing (滥用) her position by getting other people to do things for her.
3.The fundamental (根本的) purpose of my plan is to encourage further development.
4.He was determined to be thorough (细致的) in his research.
5.I’m afraid you’ve missed the deadline (截止日期)，so your application cannot be considered.
6.We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances (情况).
7.It’s out of the question to rebuild (重建) the towers.
8.Television stations and programmes must cater (迎合) to different interests and tastes of the general public.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.At any rate，that’s the question we’ll turn to next time.
2.Please don’t spit or throw rubbish everywhere at random.
3.In my opinion，we should have our eyes examined (examine) once a year.
4.Robbed (rob) of her gold necklace，which is meaningful to her，she became unhappy.
5.Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat)，and that’s why he has no friend.
6.It’s the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.
7.If Bob had_come (come) here yesterday，he could have seen Jackie Chan.
8.I could have_worked (work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.
9.She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband.
10.In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to_visit (visit) Oxford. Ⅲ.选词填空
focus on，straight away，cater to，get through，miss...out，in vain，at all costs，at random
1.These two products cater_to two different customers.
2.Our meeting focuses_on the question of women’s rights.
3.Do it straight_away because the longer you wait the harder it will be.
4.I tried to convince my father to give up smoking，but in_vain.
5.I’ve made up my mind to attain my purpose at_all_costs.
6.The market researchers interviewed people at_random in the street.
7.Had the boy worked harder，he would have got_through the exams.
8.I’ll just read through the form again to make sure I haven’t missed anything out.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.It_is_impossible_to_be_admitted_to/into a key university with such a low score. 这样低的分数被重点大学录取是不可能的。

2.It seems_a_general_truth_that nothing is so simple as it first seems.
没有什么事情像外表看上去那么简单，这似乎是一个普遍的真理。

3.With a little care you could_have_avoided_the_mistake.
你要是小心一点，本来是可以防止这个错误的。

4.—Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not.He is_said_to_have_left the stage already as he has become an official.
——鲍勃还在从事表演吗？
——恐怕不再从事了，据说他已经成为了一名政府官员，已经离开舞台好久了。

5.To live a low-carbon life，some people prefer_to_take_the_bus_rather_than_drive_a_car to work.
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公共汽车也不愿自己开车去上班。

Ⅴ.阅读理解
The researchers knew from previous studies that people are fairly similar when it comes to how they judge a face’s trustworthiness.They wanted to find out whether that would be true if people only saw a face for a quick moment—an amount of time so short that it would prevent making a conscious judgment.
To carry out their study，the researchers monitored the amygdala (杏仁体) of 37 volunteers while showing them 300 faces for 33 milliseconds each.Those faces had already been tested with a different set of 10 subjects，who saw them for much longer.In those earlier tests，people agreed about whether to trust each face.Faces with higher inner eyebrows and obvious cheekbones are seen as trustworthy and lower
eyebrows and shallower cheekbones are seen as untrustworthy.Or we can notice trustworthiness in someone’s face thanks to some clues like the amount of white showing in the eyes.
After the new subjects saw each face for 33 milliseconds，the picture was replaced by a neutral face mask for 167 milliseconds.Fascinatingly，different parts of the amygdala lit up when a subject saw an untrustworthy face and a trustworthy one，and it lit up much more when the face in question was suspicious.
“Faces that appear likely to cause harm are suddenly tracked by the amygdala，so it could then quickly change other brain processes and make fast responses to people，〞 says Jon Freeman，the study’s senior author.
His research suggests that the amygdala’s role in instantly interpreting social signs is more important than previously thought.
[语篇解读] 一项新的研究明确，大脑杏仁体在快速解析社交信号中发挥着重要作用，而且比人们原来认为的要重要得多。

1.What’s the purpose of the new study?
A.To check whether people can judge one’s trustworthiness in a short time.
B.To find whether people can make a correct judgment in a short time.
C.To confirm whether people judge a face’s trustworthiness similarly.
D.To prove how long it will take for people to trust a strange person.
答案 A [细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，先前的研究明确人们在如何判断人脸可信度方面极其相似。

研究人员想知道，如果看人脸的时间很短的话，这个研究结果是否仍然有效，为此，他们进展了一项新研究。

应当选A项。

]
2.The amygdala lit up more clearly when people __________.
A.saw a trustworthy face
B.saw an untrustworthy face
C.noticed a neutral face mask
D.met with a difficult question
答案 C [细节理解题。

根据第三段可知，当新的群体看到(第二段所提到的)面孔后，再把这些面孔换成一些不带任何特点的(neutral)面孔时，与看到那些信任或不信任面孔时杏仁体的点亮程度相比，此时杏仁体点亮得更清晰。

应当选C项。

]
3.It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that __________.
A.Freeman doesn’t think the result of the study is convincing
B.people knew little about the importance of amygdala in the past
C.people’s talents of making instant judgments are formed after birth
D.the amygdala does play an important role in brain’s fast responses
答案 D [推理判断题。

根据文章的最后两段可知，杏仁体会迅速锁定看似很有可能会造成伤害的面孔，然后快速改变大脑的处理过程，作出快速反响。

由此可推测，杏仁体在其中发挥着重要作用。

应当选D项。

]
4.In which column can we probably see the text?
cation.
B.Lifestyle.
C.Health.
D.Science.
答案 D [推理判断题。

文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，而该项研究是为了证明人脑杏仁体的作用，因此，本文最有可能出现在科学专栏中。

应当选D项。

]
Ⅵ.完形填空
Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer.__1__ it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and __2__ the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has __3__ the impossible dream.He’s now a part of the team，despite his total __4__，playing the game not based on sight but on __5__.
Being a __6__ fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jake’s last __7__ before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didn’t go _8_—former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the _9_. Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be _10_in his school’s football team.At first he didn’t think he would be of any real _11_，but when he heard people’s
cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake _12_ the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to _13_ the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard._14_，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team，it didn’t seem too _15_ to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake _16_ the requirements of the team.So Jake’s dream came true.
_17_ football，Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I we nt into football with the thought that I had nothing to _18_ ，〞Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through _19_ in life does make you stronger.Life’s unfair，but it’s _20_ me not to give up and keep fighting.〞
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。

Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱，他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。

1.A.Unless B.Though
C.Only if
D.Now that
答案 B [根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared...〞可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to) Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。

主从句之间存在让步关系，应当选Though。

]
2.A.backed off B.held back
C.broke down
D.led to
答案 D [参见上题解析。

back off “退缩，退却〞；hold back“抑制，阻止〞；break down“出故障，崩溃〞。

]
3.A.forgotten B.quitted
C.realized
D.ignored
答案 C [但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。

下文中的“Jake’s dream came true〞亦是提示。

forget“忘记〞；quit“放弃〞；ignore“无视〞。

]
4.A.blindness B.absence
C.deafness
D.innocence
答案 A [根据上文中的“lost his left eye〞“the loss of his right eye〞可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。

absence“缺席〞；deafness“聋〞。

]
5.A.ability B.guess C.feel D.imagination
答案 C [根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。

ability“能力〞；guess“猜测〞；imagination“想象〞。

]
6.A.responsible B.faithful
C.careful
D.temporary
答案 B [根据语境与上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team〞可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes) 之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。

respons ible“负责任的〞；faithful“忠实的〞；careful“细心的〞；temporary“临时的〞。

]
7.A.chances B.promises
C.courses
D.wishes
答案 D [参见上题解析。

]
8.A.unnoticed B.unsolved
C.unreported
D.unlimited
答案 A [根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to...〞可知，此处指Jack对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。

unnoticed“未被注意的，被无视的〞；unsolved “未解决的〞；unreported “未报道的〞；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的〞。

] 9.A.leaders B.players C.fans D.coaches
答案 B [根据语境与上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以与想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。

]
10.A.occupied B.involved
C.trapped
D.absorbed
答案 B [受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能参加学校的橄榄球队。

be involved in
是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加〞。

be occupied in “忙于〞；be trapped in “被困在〞；be absorbed in“全神贯注于〞。

]
11.A.interest B.hope
e
D.concern
答案 C [此处指尽管Jake想参加学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己参加球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。

]
12.A.approached B.appreciated
C.recognized
D.greeted
答案 A [因此Jake找了教练，请求参加球队。

approach“靠近，接洽〞；appreciate“感谢，欣赏〞；recognize“认出，认可〞。

]
13.A.pull through B.set out
C.leave off D e back
答案 D [根据下文的“the next season....he became a starter on the team in the next season〞可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。

pull through“痊愈，康复〞；set out“动身踏上〞；leave off “停止〞；come back“回来，返回〞。

]
14.A.Gradually B.Finally
C.Recently
D.Accidentally
答案 B [所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。

gradually“逐渐地〞；finally“最后，终于〞；recently“最近〞；accidentally“偶然地，意外地〞。

]
15.A.difficult B.accessible
C.attractive
D.necessary
答案 A [根据上文的“Having made his high school football team〞可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。

difficult“困难的〞；accessible“可接近的〞；attractive“吸引人的〞；necessary“必要的〞。

]
16.A.refreshed B pleted
C.satisfied
D.acquired。